{"id":170922,"date":"2003-03-16T00:48:21","date_gmt":"2003-03-16T00:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_oldtestamentedu_list\/298"},"modified":"2003-03-16T00:48:21","modified_gmt":"2003-03-16T00:48:21","slug":"tn_a_tn2_oldtestamentedu_list_298","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/?p=170922","title":{"rendered":"\uc694\uc5d8\uc11c"},"content":{"rendered":"

 
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\uc694\uc5d8\uc11c(לꔞוֹי)<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\u2015 Hans Walter Wolff, “Introduction of Joel”, in JOEl and AMOS \u2015<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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1. \uc815\uacbd \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc45\uc758 \uc704\uce58<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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2. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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3. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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5. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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* \ubc88\uc5ed\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58\uba70\u2026<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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* \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc810<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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1. \uc815\uacbd \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc45\uc758 \uc704\uce58<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ud574\uc11d\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c \ub54c \uc815\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uc5d81)<\/SUP><\/A>\uc774 \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc704\uce58\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud574\uc11c \uc694\uc5d8\uc744 \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5f0\uad00\uc744 \uc9d3\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad00\uc810\uc740 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \uae30\uc900\ub4e4\uc774 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc30\uce58\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc77c \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uac01\uac01\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc11c\ub450(1,1)\ub294 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\uc131\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc801 \uc5b8\uae09\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uba74 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4 \uc774\uc804 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ucc45\uc774 \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uaca0\ub294\uac00? \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc18c\uac04\uc758 \ud604\ub300 \uc8fc\uc11d\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc694\uc5d8\uc744 B.C. 9\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uc5fd\uc758 \uc694\uc544\uc2a4(Joash) \uc655\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc7a1\ub3c4\ub85d \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc774\ub044\ub294, \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4\uc758 \uc870\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc778\ub3c4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ucd94\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \uae30\uc900\ub4e4\uc774 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc30\uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ud55c\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c, \uae30\uc900\ub4e4\uc740 \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uae30\uc900\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ud788 \uce58\uc138 \uc5f0\ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc740 \ud638\uc138\uc544, \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4, \ubbf8\uac00, \uc2a4\ubc14\ub2c8\uc57c, \ud558\uae68, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc988\uac00\ub9ac\uc57c\uc758 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc758 \uc11c\ub450\uc5d0 \uc81c\uacf5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \ucc38\uc73c\ub85c 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\uc758 \uc9d1\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \ud2c0\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \uc5ec\uc12f \ucc45\ub4e4 \uac01\uac01\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc870\uc0ac\ub294 \uadf8 \ud2c0 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ubc30\uce58\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc694\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc758 \ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub294 G2)<\/SUP><\/A> \uc804\uc2b9 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc9c0\ub294 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7ac\ubc30\uce58\uc774\ub2e4. G\ub294 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc5d0 \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c4 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud310\uad00\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub8fb\uae30\uc758 \ubc30\uce58\uc640 \uc5ed\ub300\uae30\ub4e4 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc5d0\uc988\ub77c\uc640 \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c\uc758 \ubc30\uce58\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc785\uc99d\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud638\uc138\uc544, \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubbf8\uac00\uac00 \ud568\uaed8 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc9c0\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\uace0, 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138 \ucc45\ub4e4\uc758 \uc11c\ub450\uc5d0\uc11c \uc800\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 8\uc138\uae30 \uc655\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 G \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc624\ubc14\ub514\uc57c\uc640 \uc694\ub098\uc640 \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc5ec \ud6c4\ub300\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uc654\ub2e4. \uba85\ubc31\ud788 G \uc804\uc2b9\uc740 \uc774 \uc7ac\ubc30\uce58\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\ub97c \uc804\ud600 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c3)<\/SUP><\/A> \uc548\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ubd80\uc7ac\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c, \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc218\uc9d1\ud558\uc5ec \ubc30\uce58\ud588\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ud638\uc138\uc544\uc640 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\uc900\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud588\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uae30\uc900\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uae30 \uc99d\uba85\uc801\uc778(self-evident), \ub9c8\uce58 \uc11c\ub450\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc801 \uc5b8\uae09\ub4e4\ucc98\ub7fc \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uac83\uc784\uc5d0 \ud2c0\ub9bc\uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ube44\ub85d \uc694\uc5d8 \uc548\uc758 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc790\uc8fc 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c \uc548\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc800\uc791\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0c1\uae30\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uac00\uc7a5 \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c4 \uc720\uc0ac\uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc694\uc5d8\uacfc \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\ub97c \uc5f0\uacc4\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1\uc774, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubb38\uc790\uc801 \uc77c\uce58\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \ub05d\ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4 : \uc694\uc5d8 4,16a\u03b1\uc640 4,18a\ub294 \uc544\ubaa8 1,2a\uacfc 9,13b\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\uc751\uad6c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub2e8\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4 \uc804\uc758 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc704\uce58\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacc4\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8 4,16a\u03b1\uc640 \uc544\ubaa8 1,2a\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ub300\uc751\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc81c\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4 : \ubc30\uce58\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ubaa8 1,3-2,16\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc608\uc5b8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc694\uc5d8 4\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ud3ec\ub41c \uc2ec\ud310\uc758 \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc74c(elaboration)\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0dd\uac01\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc694\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc120\ud0dd\ub41c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\u2015\ub760\ub85c, \ubd88\ub808\uc14b, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5d0\ub3d4(4,4. 19.)\u2015\uc774 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4(1,9-10, 6-8, 11-12)\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc704\uce58, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc45\uc774 \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0, \uc8fc\uc81c\ubcc4\ub85c \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ub354 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc800\uc220\uc744 \ubbf8\ub9ac \ub9d0\ud574\uc8fc\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \ub354 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc800\uc220\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc744 \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uacf5\ud1b5 \ubb38\ud559(common literary)\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc808\ucc28\ub294 \ubaa8\uc138\uc624\uacbd\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uc785\uc99d\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc608\uc5b8 \ubb38\ud559\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uc600\ub358 \ud3b8\uc9d1 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uba85\ubc31\ud558\ub2e4. \uc2ed\uc911 \ud314\uad6c 12 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\uc9d1\uc744 \ubc30\uce58\ud588\ub358 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc120\ud3ec\ud55c \ube5b \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc640 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc77d\uae30\ub97c \uc6d0\ud588\ub2e4. \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9, \uc815\uacbd\uc801 \uc9d1\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\uc5b8\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uacfc \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc778 \uc608\uc5b8\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \uc694\uc5d8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9f9\ubc31\ud558\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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2. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \uc815\uacbd \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc640 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc606\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ud6c4\ub300\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5b8\uae09\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubd04\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadf8\ub97c \uc2dc\ub300\uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ucc44\ud0dd\ud574 \ubcf4\uc790.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uc694\uc5d8 4,1-3\uc740 \ub290\ubd80\uac13\ub124\uc0b4 2\uc138(Nebuchadnezzar \u2161)\uac00 \uc720\ub2e4\uc640 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc744 \uc815\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc720\ubc30\ubcf4\ub0c8\ub358 587\ub144\uc5d0, \uc720\ub2e4\uc640 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uac1c\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc758 \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \uac00\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc78a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294, \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uace0\ub300 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c 539\ub144 \ud398\ub974\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ubc30\uad8c\uc744 \ub118\uaca8\uc900 \ubc14\ube4c\ub860\uc774 \ub354\uc774\uc0c1 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc720\ub2e4\uc758 \ub545\uacfc \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc77c\uc815 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubb34\ubc29\ube44\ub85c \ub193\uc5ec \uc788\uae30 \uc804\uc758, \uc774\ubc29 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc720\ub2e4\uc758 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \ubc84\ub824\uc9d0\uc744 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc720\ubc30\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc99d\ub41c\ub2e4. 515\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uac74\ub9bd\ub41c \uc131\uc804\uc758 \ud604\uc874\uc774 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\uac00 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(1,9. 14. 16; 2,17; 4,18). \ub354\uc6b1\uc774, 2,7\uc808\uacfc 9\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc131\ubcbd\uc744 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uadf8 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \uc694\uc0c8\ud654\uac00 \uc77c\uc815 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc7ac\uac74\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \ud568\ucd95\ud55c\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7ac\uac74\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc \uc544\ub798 445\ub144\uc5d0 \uc218\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc774\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc694\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c terminus post quem\uc774 5\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\ub610\ud55c terminus ante quem\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c\uac00? 4,17b\u03b2\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 312\ub144\uc5d0 \ud504\ud1a8\ub808\ub9e4\uc624 \uc18c\ud14c\ub974(Ptolemy Soter)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uc815\ubcf5\uc744 \uc0c1\uae30\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 4,19\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5d0\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc640 \uc5d0\ub3d4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5b8\uae09\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc9c4\uc2e4\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c, 4,4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd94\uc815\ub418\ub294 \ud398\ub2c8\ud0a4\uc544\uc758(Phoenician) \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc778 \ub760\ub85c\uc640 \uc2dc\ub3c8\uacfc \ud544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f4\uc758(Philistine) \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc0c1\uc5c5\uc801 \uc5f0\uad00\uc740 \ud398\ub974\uc2dc\uc544 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uadfc\uc811\ud568\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ub3c8\uc774 \uad00\uacc4\ub418\ub294 \ud55c, \ud398\ub974\uc2dc\uc544 \uc2dc\ub300\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 343\ub144\uc5d0 \uc885\uacb0\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 332\ub144\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354\uc758 \uad70\uc0ac\ud589\ub3d9 \uc2dc\uae30\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294, \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc544\ub974\ub2e5\uc0ac\uc2f8 3\uc138 \uc624\ucf54\uc2a4(Artaxerxes \u2162 Ochus)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uadf8 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uac00 \ud30c\uad34\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub300\uac1c \uc2dc\ub3c8\uc740 343\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ub760\ub85c\uc640 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ubc00\uc811\ud788 \uc5f0\uad00\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc2dc\ub3c8\uc740 Arvad\uc640 Byblos\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354 \ub300\uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc989\uc2dc \ud56d\ubcf5\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ubc18\uba74\uc5d0 \ub760\ub85c\ub294 7\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc815\ub3c4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 Gaza\ub294 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc800\ud56d\ud588\ub2e4. \ucc38\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c8\ucf00\ub3c4\ub2c8\uc544\ub294 \uc624\uc9c1 \uc2dc\ub3c8\uc758 \ub450 \ud568\ub300\ub4e4(\uc57d 200\ucc99\uc758 \ubc30\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc)\uc758 \uc6d0\uc870\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0\uc11c\uc57c \ub760\ub85c\ub97c \uc815\ubcf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\ud2bc, 4,6\uc740 332\ub144\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc774 \ubbf8\ub798\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\ucc99 \ub3d9\ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc8fc\uac70\uc9c0\ub85c\uc11c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc624\uc9c1 \ud398\ub2c8\ud0a4\uc544-\ud544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud2f4(Phoenician-Philistine)\uc758 \uc911\uc7ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc988\uac00 9,13(M)\uc5d0 \ubc18\uc601\ub41c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ube44\uad50\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uadfc\uc811\ud55c \uc801\ub300\uc790\ub85c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c 4,4-8\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc5d0\uac8c \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \ucd94\uac00\uc778 \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0, \ucc45\uc758 \ub354 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc591\uc2dd\ub294 \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 343\ub144 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \ud604\uc874\ud588\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c \uc99d\uac70\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 445\ub144\uacfc 343\ub144 \uc0ac\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\ucc45\uc774 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uac74\ub4e4\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc77c\ubcc4\uc740 \uc774 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \ud655\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc740 \uc6d0\ub85c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc0ac\uc81c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc18c\uc720\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 : 1,2. 13-14; 2,16-17. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc720\ubc30 \uc774\ud6c4 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud655\ub9bd\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 Josephus\uac00 \u201c\u795e\u653f\u201d(theocracy)\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\uba85\ud558\uc600\ub4ef\uc774 \uc0ac\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud1b5\uce58\ub97c \ud589\ud588\ub2e4. \uc655\uacfc \uad81\uc911\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc5b8\uae09\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc774 \uc720\ubc30 \uc774\uc804 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ubbf8\ub9ac \ubc30\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4 : 1,2\uc740 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubc31\uc131\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1,5-14\uc640 2,15-17\uc740 \uc608\uc678 \uc5c6\uc774 \ube44\ud0c4\uacfc \ucc38\ud68c\ub97c \ud558\ub3c4\ub85d, \uad6d\ubbfc\uacfc \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc18c\uc9d1\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1\uc774, \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \uc720\ubc30 \ud6c4\uae30 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc608\ubc30\uc801 \uc2e4\ud589\uc740 \ud2c0\uc5d0 \ubc15\ud78c \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uac8c \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \u201c\uace1\uc2dd \ubd09\ud5cc\ub4e4\uacfc \ud3ec\ub3c4\uc8fc \ubd09\ud5cc\ub4e4\u201d(1,9. 13; 2,14)\ub85c \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 tāmȋd \ubd09\ud5cc\uc740 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \u201c\uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc790\ub4e4\u201d \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u201c\uc81c\ub2e8\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc790\ub4e4\u201d(1,9. 13; 2,17)\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c, 2,7\uacfc 9\uc808\uc5d0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc131\ubcbd\uc774 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\ub77c. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud574 \ubcf4\uba74, \uc694\uc5d8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uc548\uc815\ub41c \uc608\ubc30\uc801 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc740 \uc5d0\uc988\ub77c\uc640 \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c\ub97c \ub530\ub974\ub294 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \ub300\uc751\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud588\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\uc778, \uc989 4\uc138\uae30 \uc804\ubc18\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucc45\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc784\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc744 \uc2dc\ub300\uad6c\ubd84\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc5b4\ud718\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc694\uccad\ud588\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c4 \uc608\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ucc45\uc758 \uc804\ubb38\uc6a9\uc5b4\ub294 \uc624\uc9c1 \uad6c\uc57d\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud6c4\uae30 \ubb38\ud559 \uacc4\uce35\uacfc \ubd80\ud569\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c חꗚꚆ(\u201c\ubb34\uae30, \ud654\uc0b4\u201d 2,8)\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5c6\uace0 \uc624\uc9c1 \uc6a5 33,18; 36,12; 2\uc5ed\ub300 23,10; \ub290\ud5e4 4,11[17]. 17[23]\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc785\uc99d\ub41c\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 ףוֹס(\u201c\ub4a4, \uacb0\ub860\u201d 2,20)\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 2\uc5ed\ub300 20,16; \uc804\ub3c4 3,11; 7,2; 12,13\uc5d0\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. הꗺꖖ꘽(\u201c\uc545\ucde8\u201d 2,20)\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc9d1\ud68c 11,12\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad6c\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \uacf3\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub098\uc624\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ubd80\uac00\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\uc758 \uc99d\uba85\ub4e4\uc744 \uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uaf64 \ud6c4\uae30\uc5d0 \ud615\uc131\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4 : 1,8\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 הלא(\u201c\ube44\ud1b5\ud574 \ud558\ub2e4\u201d) ; 1,17\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 שׁבע(\u201c\uc2dc\ub4e4\ub2e4\u201d), תוֹדꙢ꘸(\u201c\uc528\uc557 \ub09f\uc54c\ub4e4\u201d), תוֹפꙣꔾꗮ(\u201c\ud759\ub369\uc5b4\ub9ac\u201d), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 תוֹרꔽꗹꗫ(\u201c\uacf3\uac04\u201d). \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2,7\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 טבע(\u2161 : \u201c\ucf54\uc2a4\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\ub2e4\u201d). 2,13b\uc640 14a\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 \uc694\ub098 4,2\uacfc 3,9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ub300\uc751\uad6c\uc808\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \u201c\ub3d9\ucabd\u201d \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u201c\uc11c\ucabd\u201d \ubc14\ub2e4\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\uad6c\ub4e4\uc740 2,20\uacfc \uc988\uac00 14,8\uc744 \ubd84\ub9ac\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74 \uc785\uc99d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \u201c\ubd88\uc30d\ud788 \uc5ec\uae40\u201d(ה꘍וּח 2,17)\uc758 \ud0c4\uc6d0\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub290\ud5e4 13,22\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\uc774\uc804 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc758\uc874\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc45\uc758 \ud6c4\uae30 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \uc694\uc778\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\ucf54 \uc801\uc740 \ube44\uc911\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 3,5\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 terminus post quem\uc744 \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uc900\ub2e4 : \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc624\ubc14 17a\uc758 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \ud6c4\uae30\uc758 \uaca9\uc5b8\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc624\ubc14\ub514\uc57c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c 5\uc138\uae30 \uc911\ubc18 \uc774\uc804\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4. 2,11\uacfc 3,4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ub9d0\ub77c\uae30\uc758 \uc120\ud3ec(3,2. 23[4,5])\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5b4\ub4e4(catchwords)\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0\ub294 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc694\uc5d8\uc774, \ub9d0\ub77c\uae30\uc640 \ub69c\ub837\uc774 \ub300\uc870\ud558\uc5ec, \uadf8 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc608\ubc30\uc758 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uba70 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc81c\uc801 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc640 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc801 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uacac\uace0\ud558\uac8c \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub0b4\ub838\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c\uc640 \uc5d0\uc988\ub77c\uc758 \ub178\ub825\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \ub450 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud55c\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uce21\uba74\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130, \uc99d\uac70\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 4\uc138\uae30 \uc804\ubc18\ubd80\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ubc30\uc801 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub294 \uc798 \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud398\ub974\uc2dc\uc544 \uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc21c\ud558\uac8c \uae30\ub2a5\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub294 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc678\uc801\uc778 \ubd88\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \uace4\ub780\ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \u795e\u653f \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc640 \uadf8 \uae38\uc744 \uc778\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uacbd\ud654\ub41c Torah\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0, \ub9e4\uc77c\uc758 \ud76c\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2e4\ucc9c\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ubc29\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \uc815\ud654\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uc131\uacfc \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \uc655\uad6d\uc758 \uc625\uc88c\ub85c\uc11c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc774 \uc120\ud0dd\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc740 1835\ub144\uc5d0 Wilhelm Vatke\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\ub358, \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uac00 \uc720\ubc30 \ud6c4\uae30 \uc2dc\ub300\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc790\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc99d\ud558\uace0 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub54c \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ub354\uc6b1 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc18\ub300\ub418\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 9\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\uc5fd\uc758 \uc694\uc544\uc2a4 \uc655\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300, \ub610\ub294 \uc544\ubaa8\uc2a4\uc640 \ud638\uc138\uc544\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300, \ub610\ub294 \uc608\ub808\ubbf8\uc57c\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub77c\ub294 \uc2dc\ub300\uad6c\ubd84\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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3. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c(The Book of Joel)<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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\ucd5c\uadfc \uc218\uc2ed\ub144\uac04\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc694\uc5d8 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub294 \uc77c\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc45\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc131(book’s unity)\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 1872\ub144 Maurice Vernes\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1896\ub144 J. W. Rothstein\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc774 \uc9c4\ucc99\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc 1911\ub144 Bernhard Duhm\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc774\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. Duhm\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, 1-2\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uc778\uc774 \uba54\ub69c\uae30 \uce68\uc785\uc744 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ubc18\uba74 3-4\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub9c8\uce74\ubca0\uc624 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ud68c\ub2f9 \uc124\uad50\uc790\uac00 \uc628\ud654\ud55c \uc0b0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc124\uad50\uc790\ub294 1-2\uc7a5\uc758 \uc6d0\ucd08\uc801 \ubcf8\ubb38\uacfc\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\ud55c 1,15\uacfc 2,1b-2a, 11b\ub97c \uc0bd\uc785\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc744 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc791\uc5c5 \uc548\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ud569\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc218\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uba74\uc11c \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 2 \ub2e8\uacc4 \ud615\uc131(two-stage formation) \ub17c\uc81c\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud574\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucc44\ud0dd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 Sellin\uacfc Robinson \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc9c0\ub294 \ucc45\uc758 \ubd84\ud560\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc758\uc2ec\ub4e4\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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1\uc7a5\uacfc 2\uc7a5\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcf4\ub290\ub0d0\uac00 \uac01\uac01\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ubbf8 \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc815\ud655\ud788, \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0 \uad6c\uc808(1,15; 2,1-2. 10-11)\uc740 \ubcc4\ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\uace0, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 2\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \uc7ac\ub09c\uc774 1\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub41c \uc7ac\ub09c\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \ub610\ud55c \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud55c\ub2e4. 1,4-20\uc774 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uba74\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\uae30\ub97c \ud76c\ub9dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, 2,1-17\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801 \uc704\uae30\uc758 \ube5b \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub3c4\ub798\ud560, \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \ubcf4\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc77c\uacac \ud68c\ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4(2,3b; 11b\u03b2). \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uad00\ucc30\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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a) \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uc758 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc, \uacf5\ub3d9\uc801\uc778 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc694\uccad \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c, 1\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub358 \uc7ac\ub09c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubcf4\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ud3ec\uc801\uc778 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, 2,1-17\uc740 \uacbd\uac01\uc758 \uc678\uce68\uacfc \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc38\ud68c\uc758 \uc694\uccad \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c, \uba40\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ub3c4\ub798\ud560 \uc7ac\ub09c\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc744 \ud5a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ub3cc\ub9b0\ub2e4. \ucc38\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc694\uccad\uc758 \uc11c\uc5b8(2,12 \u201c\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uc81c\ub77c\ub3c4\u201d)\uacfc \uc694\uccad \uc790\uccb4\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc120\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83(2,1-11)\uacfc \uc774\ubbf8 1\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c4\uc2dd\ud588\ub358 \uac83 \uc0ac\uc774\ub97c \uac01\ubcc4\ud788 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud55c\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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b) 1\uc7a5\uc774 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucd08\ub798\ub41c \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, 2,1-17\uc740 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \uacbd\uac01\uc758 \uc678\uce68 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uacb0\ucf54 \ubcf8 \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uc885\ub958\uc758 \ud669\ud3d0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc801\uc758 \ubb34\ub9ac\ub97c \uc608\uc0c1\ud55c\ub2e4(2,2b; cf. 2,6a). \uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, 2,17\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\ub294 1,16-20\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ube44\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc, \u7ce7\u98df\ub4e4\uc744 \uacb0\ucf54 \ub9d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \ub300\uc2e0 1\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc778, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \ubc31\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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c) 1\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uad00\ucc30\ub4e4\uc774 \uc7ac\uc559\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, 2\uc7a5\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc801\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud655\uc2e4\ud788, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud6c4\uc790\uc758 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc740 \uba54\ub69c\uae30 \uce68\uc785\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc601\uac10\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ubaa8\uc2b5\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ucd08\uc810\uc774 \ub9de\ucd94\uc5b4\uc838 \uc654\uace0, \uc774\uc804 \uc608\uc5b8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uc801\uc758 \ubb34\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb35\uc2dc\uc801 \uc0c9\ucc44(\uacbd\ud5a5)\ub97c \uc900\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 1-2\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ub824\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uc5ec \ub0a8\uaca8\ub450\uc5c8\ub358 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc758 \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uad00\ucc30\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294\ub370, \uc989 1,15\uacfc 2,1b. 2a. 11b\uac00 \ubb34\uad00\uacc4\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec 2\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 1\uc7a5\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294, 1,6a\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc815\uc2dd\ub4e4(formulations)\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4\uc758 \uadfc\uac70 \uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uba85\ub8cc\ud574 \uc9c4\ub2e4. \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc21c\uac04\uc5d0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc774 \ub2f9\uba74\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \ube44\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud0dc(1\uc7a5)\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud45c\uc9d5(1,15)\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ud3ec\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc704\ud611\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc694\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c8\ub85c\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ub9d0\ud574\uc9c4, \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801 \ud30c\uba78\uc774 \uc784\ubc15\ud558\ub2e4(2,1-11)\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ucc45\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uba85\ub8cc\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc608\uc2dc\ub418\ub294\ub370, 1\uc7a5\uacfc 2\uc7a5\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\uccb4\uc131 \uc548\uc5d0 \uacb0\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1,15; 2,1-2. 10-11\uacfc 3,3-4; 4,14-16 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc774\uc81c 2,18-19a. 21-27\uacfc 1\uc7a5\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc8fc\uc81c\u2015\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uace4\uacbd\u2015\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \uc9c4\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. 3\uc7a5\uacfc 4\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uce68\ubb35\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc778\uc815\uc774 1-2\uc7a5\uc774, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubfcc\ub9ac\ub0b4\ub9b0 \uc608\uc5b8\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uc21c\uc218\ud788 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \uc804\uac1c\ub418\ub294 3-4\uc7a5\uacfc \ubc18\ub300 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub044\ub294 \uac83\uc778\uac00? \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 2,1-17\uacfc 1\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubb18\uc0ac\ud588\ub358 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub354\ud558\uc5ec, \uadf8\ub7f0 \uacb0\ub860\uc740 2,27\uacfc 4,17\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud3c9\ud589\uad6c\uc778 \u201c\uc778\uc2dd\uc758 \ubcf4\uc99d\u201d(assurances of recognition)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud615\uc131\ub41c \ucc45\uc758 \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc720\ub300\ub97c \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1\uc774, 2,19b-20\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uc7ac\uc559\uc758 \ubc18\uc804\uc744 \uc608\uace0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ucc45\uc758 \uc804\uccb4 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \uace0\ub824\ub420 \ub54c, \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ud658\uc810\uc774\u2015\ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ucc45 \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4\u2015 2,17\uacfc 18 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc811\ud569\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9f9\ubc31\ud574 \uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc120\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc678\uce68\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc774 \ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc751\ub2f5\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\ub294 \ub4a4\ub530\ub974\ub294 \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4\uc5d0\ub85c\uc758 \uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7f0 \uc804\ud658\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc911\uc559\uc810\uc758 \uc591 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucc45\uc758 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ub300\uce6d\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uae08\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd80\uc871\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ube44\ud0c4(1,4-20)\uc740 \uc774 \uc7ac\ub09c\uc774 \ubc18\uc804\ub418\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc57d\uc18d(2,21-27)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uade0\ud615\uc7a1\ud78c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc808\ubc15\ud55c \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc758 \uc120\ud3ec(2,1-11)\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc758 \uc6b4\uba85\uc774 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ubc18\uc804\ub418\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc57d\uc18d(4,1-3. 9-17)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uade0\ud615\uc7a1\ud78c\ub2e4. \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ud544\uc694\ub85c\uc11c \uc57c\ud6fc\uaed8 \ub300\ud55c \ud68c\uac1c\uc758 \uc694\uccad(2,12-17)\uc740 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801\uc778 \ud544\uc694\ub85c\uc11c \uc601\uc758 \ubd80\uc5b4\uc9d0\uacfc \uc2dc\uc628\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0(3\uc7a5)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uade0\ud615\uc7a1\ud78c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ucc45\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ub450 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc744 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc800\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uadc0\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\ud574\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc740 \uc560\ucd08\ubd80\ud130 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc624\uc9c1 \ucc45 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \ud3ec\uad04\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \ucde8\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac\uc640 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac15\uc870\ub4e4\uc774 \uacb0\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uc870\uc801\uc778 \uc804\uccb4 \uc724\uacfd\uc744 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4 : 1,2-3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\ub300\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud638\uc18c\ub294 \uc5c4\uc219\ud55c \uad50\uc721\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc785\uacfc \uad50\ud6c8\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\uace0\ub97c \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4 ; 1,4\uacfc 2,18\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \ud615\uc2dd(narrative frame) ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2,27\uacfc 4,17\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uacb0\ub860\uc9d3\ub294 \ubcd1\ud589\uad6c\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc 2 \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1(two-stage self-disclosure oracle)\uc758 \ucd5c\ud6c4\uc758, \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uad6c\uc131. 1-2\uc7a5\uacfc 3-4\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e8\uc5b4\uad70\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ucd9c\ucc98\ub97c \ub354\uc6b1 \ub354 \uc785\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4 :<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uac70\ub8e9\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub2e4[ושׁדק] \u2026 \uc120\ud3ec\ud558\ub2e4[וארק]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 1,14 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,9 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc774 \uc784\ubc15\ud558\ub2e4[הוהי םוי בורק יכ]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 1,15 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2,1b\u03b2-2a\u03b1\uacfc 4,14 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc774 \ub2e4\uac00\uc628\ub2e4[הוהי םוי אוב]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,1b\u03b1 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 3,4b ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uc5b4\ub460[ךשׁח] \u2026\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,2 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 3,4 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\ud53c\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uac00 \ub418\ub2e4[הטילפ היהת]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,3 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 3,5 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\ud558\ub298\uacfc \ub545\uc774 \uc9c4\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4[ץראו םימשׁ ושׁער]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,10a \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,16a\u03b2 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\ud574\uc640 \ub2ec\uc774 \uc5b4\ub450\uc6cc\uc9c0\uace0 \ubcc4\ub4e4\uc740 \ube5b\uc744 \uc783\ub294\ub2e4<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

[םהגנ ופסא םיבכוכו ורדק חריו שׁמשׁ]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,10b \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,15 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ubaa9\uc18c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc1c\ud55c\ub2e4[ולוק ןתנ הוהיו]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,11a \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,16a\u03b1 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uace0 \uac00\uacf5\ud560 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0[ארונהו לודגה הוהי םוי]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,11b \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 3,4b ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\ubaa8\uc73c\ub2e4[וצבק] \u2026\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,16 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,(2). 11 ;<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\u201c\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4[םיוגה] \u2026 \ub098\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uacfc \ub098\uc758 \uc720\uc0b0[יתלחנו ימע]\u201d<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

  \ucc38\uc870. 2,17 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,2.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uc7a5\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uc874\uc801 \uad6c\uc131\uc774 \ub2e8\uc77c\ud55c \uc800\uc790\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub798\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc801 \ucca8\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc30\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c2\ucc28\uc801 \uc791\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ucca8\uac00\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 4,4-8\uc778\ub370, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubb38\uc7a5 \uad6c\uc870\uc640 \uad00\uc810\uc740 \uc774 \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc45\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ubd80\ubd84\uacfc \ub3d9\ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. 2,26b\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \ucca8\uac00\ub294 \ud544\uc0ac \uc2e4\uc218\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd08\ub798\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c4\ub2e4. 4,18-21\uc774 4,17\uc758 \uc81c2\ucc28\uc801 \uc5f0\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc694\uc5d8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud6c4\ub300\uc5d0 \ucca8\uac00\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c 2,3b\u03b2\uc640 3,2\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc9e7\uc740 \uc0bd\uc785\ub4e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c, 3\uc7a5\uc744 \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \ucca8\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4 ; 4,1-3\uc740 2,27\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 3,5\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uc808\ud558\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc2b9\uc740 2,25-27\uacfc 3,1-2 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\ucc45\uc758 \uc7a5 \uad6c\ubd84\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6d0\ubb38\ub4e4\uacfc \uc5ed\ubcf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uce58\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c Stephen Langton(c. 1205)\uc740 Vulgate text of Joel\uc744 \uc138 \uac1c\uc758 \uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\ubd84\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(1,1-20; 2,1-32; 3,1-21). 14\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774 \uad6c\ubd84\uc740 \ub610\ud55c the first Rabbinic Bible of Felix Pratensis\uc758 Daniel Bomberg(Venice, 1516-17)\uc758 \uc778\uc1c4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc18d \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 Hebrew Bible\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 G\uc640 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc88\uc5ed\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2\uc7a5\uc744 \uc138\ubd84\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ucc45\uc744 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uc7a5\ub4e4\ub85c \ub098\ub204\ub294 \uc7ac\uad6c\uc131(1,1-20; 2,1-27; 3,1-5; 4,1-21)\uc740 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c the second Rabbinic Bible of Jacob ben Hayyim\uc758 Bomberg\uc758 \uc778\uc1c4(1524-25)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4 ; \uc774 \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \uc7a5 \uad6c\ubd84\uc740 Hebrew Bible\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud1b5\ub840\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n


<\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n


<\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\ub9cc\uc57d \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ub2e8\uc704\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud070 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uba3c\uc800 \uc870\uc0ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \ucc45\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc758 \uba85\ub8cc\ud568\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc798 \ud3c9\uac00\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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1,2a\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \u201c\uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\ub77c\ub294 \uc694\uccad\u201d\uacfc 1,3\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\ub300\ub4e4\uc744 \uad00\ud1b5\ud558\ub294 \u201c\uc804\ub2ec\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uad8c\uace0\u201d\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801 \ub17c\uc870\ub97c \ub193\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc138\ub300\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc18\uc601\ub418\uc5c8\ub358(1,2b) \uc774\uc0c1\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uad00\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc560\ucd08\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c0\ud61c\ubb38\ud559\uc801-\uad50\ud6c8\uc801(sapiential-didactic) \uacbd\ud5a5\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\ub798\uc758 \uc138\ub300\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \ub274\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc804\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc784\ubb34\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc740 1\uc7a5\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uba85\ub8cc\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uba85\ub8cc\ud568\uc740 \uadf8 \uc784\ubb34\uac00 \ucc45\uc758 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\uc744 \ub54c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc624\uc9c1 \uc131\ucde8\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc774 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \ubbf8\ub798\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \ud55c\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e8\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\uc804\ub2ec\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \u201c\ube44\ud0c4 \uc804\ub840\u201d(lamentation liturgy)\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\ub85c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \uad6c\uc131 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc740 \uac8c\uc2dc\uc640 \ubc18\ud3ec\uc758 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc18c\ucc45\uc790, \ud3b8\uc758\uc801\uc778 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\ub294 \uc804\ub840\uc640 \ube44\ud0c4 \uc608\uc2dd\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801 \uc2e4\ud589 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc774 \ud2c0\ub9bc\uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 1,4\uacfc 2,18\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \uc9c4\uc220\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud2b9\ud788 \uba85\ubc31\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \uc9c4\uc220\ub4e4\uc740 \uac00\uacf5\ud560 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \uc790\ube44\uc5d0 \uacb0\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \uc1c4\uc2e0\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac04\ub7b5\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uac01\uac01\uc740 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ub4a4\ub530\ub974\ub294 \uc804\ub840\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc0dd\uc0dd\ud55c, \ud654\ub824\ud558\uac8c \uc608\uc220\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \ub450 \uc804\ub840\uc801 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ube44\ud0c4 \uc608\uc2dd\uc758 \uc804\ud615\uc801, \uae30\ubcf8\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4 : \uccab\uc9f8, \ub124\uac1c\uc758 \uc5f0\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c(1,5-14) \u201c\uacf5\ub3d9 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc694\uccad\u201d(call to communal lamentation)\uc740 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc678\uce68\ub4e4(1,15-18)\uacfc \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\ub4e4(1,19-20)\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub458\uc9f8, \u201c\ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4\u201d(assurance oracles answering a plea)\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc801 \ubaa8\uc2b5\ub4e4(2,19-27)\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uc5f0\uad00\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ube44\ud0c4 \uc804\ub840\uc758 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc740 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc804\ub840 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ud6c4\ub300 \uc138\ub300\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 \ucca8\uac00\ub418\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc7a5\uc758 \ube44\ud0c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \u201c\uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\u201d(alarm cry)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 2,1-11\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\uc740 \uc801\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \u20151\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc758 \uc9d5\uc870\ub4e4 \ud6c4\uc5d0\u2015 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc120\ud3ec\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\uc740 1\uc7a5\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uad6c\uc808\ub4e4(motive-clauses)\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4(\ucc38\uc870. 2,1a with 2,15a). \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uacbd\uac01\uc774 \uc9c4\uc2e4\ud55c \ube44\ud0c4 \uc608\uc2dd\uc758 \uc804\uc81c \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc608\ud6fc\uaed8 \ub300\ud55c \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ud68c\uac1c\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801 \uc694\uccad(2,12-17)\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uace0\ub300 \ube44\ud0c4 \uc804\ub840\uc758 \uccab\ubc88\uc9f8 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc758 \uc99d\ub300(unique doubling)\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\ub300 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub4e4(1,2b. 15; 2,1b. 2a. 2b. 11b)\uacfc \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc801 \ud2b9\uc9d5\ub4e4\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc774 \uc99d\ub300\ub41c \uad00\uc2ec\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac\uc758, \uc77c\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uae30\uac00 \uc885\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc120\ud3ec\ub41c \uc7ac\ub09c\uacfc \ubcd1\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc5f0\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc740 \uc801\uc808\ud788 \ube44\ud0c4\uacfc \ucc38\ud68c\uc758 \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc18\uc751\ub4e4\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\uc804\ub840\uc758 \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uac1c\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ubbf8 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \u201c\ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4\u201d\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dd\ub7c9\uc758 \ubd80\uc871(2,19a)\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc885\ub9d0\uc758 \uace0\ud1b5(2,19b-20)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc804\uc774 \uc57d\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub4a4\ub530\ub974\ub294 \uac83 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uc758 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \u201c\ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\u201d(2,21-24. 25-26)\uc774 \uc804\uc790\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uba38\ubb34\ub978\ub2e4. 2,27\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc774 \uacac\ub514\uc5b4\uc628 \uc7ac\ub09c\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad6c\uc6d0\ub418\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubcf4\uc99d\ub4e4\uc774 \u201c\uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1\u201d(self-disclosure oracle)\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud615\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc9c0\ub4ef\uc774\u2015\uc774\ubbf8 2,27b \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c 3,1-5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec ; 4,1\uc774\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c 4,17\uae4c\uc9c0\u2015 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 2 \ub2e8\uacc4(two-stage) \uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub354\uc6b1 \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ud604\uc7ac \uc7ac\ub09c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc57d\uc18d\ub41c \ubc18\uc804\uc740 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774\uc2dc\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c ; \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\uc11c, \ud6c4\uc758 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c(3,1a) \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc744 \ud5a5\ud55c(3,15) \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc138\uacc4 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \ud5a5\ud55c(4,1-3. 9-17) \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ud589\ub3d9\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc740 \u201c\uacb0\ucf54 \ub2e4\uc2dc\ub294 \ubd80\ub044\ub7ec\uc6c0\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u201d(2,27b)\ub294 \ud655\uc2e4\uc131\uc744 \ud655\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4. 2,27\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \u201c\uc778\uc2dd \uc815\uc2dd\u201d(recognition formula)\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc778\ub370, \uc774\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc774 \ub610\ud55c \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801 \uc120\ud3ec\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubb34\uc870\uac74\uc801\uc778 \uc120\ud3ec\ub4e4(3,1. 5) \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc98\ubc8c\uc744 \uc720\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ud611\ub4e4(4,1-3) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uba85\ubc31\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub610 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud2b9\ud788 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \uc2ec\ud310\uc758 \uc18c\uc9d1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc5b4\uc801(ironical) \uc694\uccad\ub4e4(4,9-14) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 2,1-11\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc801\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud654\ub824\ud55c \ub300\uc751\uad6c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\uacfc \uac19\uc774, \uc694\uccad\ub4e4\uc740 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc744 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc9d3\ub294 \u795e\u986f(theophany)\uc758 \ud45c\uc9d5\ub4e4\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c, \uc885\uc885 \ub9d0 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac(4,15-16; \ucc38\uc870. 2,10-11)\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac04\ub2e4. \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8 \uad6c\uc808\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub294 4,17 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc885\uacb0\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 2,27\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc758 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub7fc\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 2 \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc5b4\uc838 \uc628 \ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc744 \uc644\uacb0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub418\ub294 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd \ube44\ud3c9(form-critical) \ubd84\uc11d\uacfc \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc74c\uc740 \ucc45\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc131\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ub610\ud55c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc608\uc220\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\ud559 \uad6c\uc131\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud655\uc2e4\ud788, \uc218\uc0ac\ud559\uc801 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \uc804\ubb38\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 : \uad50\uc721\uc801\uc778 \ub3c4\uc785\uacfc \uad50\ud6c8\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\uace0 \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc694\uccad, \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc678\uce68\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c\ub2e4 ; \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc801\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc38\ud68c\uc758 \uc694\uccad ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \ud0c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad6c\uc6d0\uacfc \ucc98\ubc8c\uc758 \uc120\ud3ec\uc640 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc694\uccad\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c4 \uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc740 \uc608\uc220\uc801 \uc724\uc0c9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub610\ub294 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc591\uc2dd\uc774 \ud63c\ud569\ub418\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc608\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec, \uc774\ubbf8 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6d0\ub798\uc801 \uc0dd\ud65c \ud658\uacbd\uacfc\ub294 \ub208\uc5d0 \ub744\uac8c \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 1,5-14\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ube44\ud0c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub124\uac1c \uc5f0(four-strophe)\uc758 \uc694\uccad, 2,4-9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\uacfc \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc801\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2 \ub2e8\uacc4 \uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 1,15-20\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \ube44\ud0c4 \ub2e8\ud3b8\ub4e4, 2,19-27\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubcf4\uc99d \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,9-14\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uacfc \uc2ec\ud310\uc758 \uc18c\uc9d1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc694\uccad\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uba85\ubc31\ud558\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ucc45\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubb38\ud559 \uc791\ud488\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83 \uc548\uc5d0 \ucde8\ud574\uc9c4 \uc5b8\uc0ac \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4(speech forms ; \uc608\ubc30, \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ud754\ud55c \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4)\uacfc \ub300\uc870\ud558\uc5ec, \ucc45\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uc740 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \u201c\ubb38\ud559\uc801 \ub300\ud56d\u201d(literary opposition)[\uc989, \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc838\uc788\ub294 \uc774\ub150\ub4e4\uacfc \uc81c\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc801 \ube44\ud3c9]\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc45\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc131\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\ub41c \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc5c4\uccad\ud55c \uc5f4\uc815\uc744 \uc3df\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368(1,2-3; 2,27; 4,17) \uacc4\uc18d\ub41c\ub2e4 ; \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uac15\ud654\ub41c, \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uae30 \ud655\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ucc2c \u795e\u653f\uc758 \uc608\ubc30\uc801 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\ud65c\ub825(revival)\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc784\ubb34\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc138\ubd80\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub294 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc801 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud574\uc11d\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc624\uc9c1 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4 :<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

1. \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c, \uc694\uc5d8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc801 \uc5b8\uc0ac\ub97c \ub3c4\uc785\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

2. \uc644\uc804\ud55c \ubb38\uc7a5\ub4e4\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uce58\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc28\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4 : 1,15(\ucc38\uc870. 4,14b)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc774\uc0ac 13,6(\ubb3c\ub860 \uc5d0\uc81c 30,30,2-3) ; 4,16a\u03b1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc544\ubaa8 1,2 ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub610\ud55c 2, 1-2\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc2a4\ubc14 1,14-15\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uad70\ub4e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

3. \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc591\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uad70\ub4e4\uc774 \uc694\uc5d8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ubb38\uc7a5\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0 \ub07c\uc6cc \ub123\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4 : \ub098\ud6d4 2,11b[10b]\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 2,6b\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc5bc\uad74\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc3d\ubc31\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4\u201d ; \uc774\uc0ac 13,13\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 2,10a\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\ud558\ub298\uacfc \ub545\uc774 \uc9c4\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d ; \uc774\uc0ac 13,10\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 2,10b\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\ud574, \ub2ec \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubcc4\ub4e4\u201d\uc774 \ube5b\uc744 \uc783\ub294\ub2e4 ; \ub9d0\ub77c 3,2. 23[4,5]\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 2,11b(\ucc38\uc870. \ub610\ud55c 3,4)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\ub204\uac00 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uace0 \uac00\uacf5\ud560 \ub0a0\uc744 \uacac\ub51c \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00?\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38 ; \uc694\ub098 4,2\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 2,13b\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\ud68c\uac1c\u201d\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub3d9\uae30, \uc989 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \u201c\ud654\ub97c \ub0b4\ub294 \ub370 \ub290\ub9ac\uc2dc\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud55c\uacb0\uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ub791\uc774 \uadf8\ub4dd\ud558\uc2dc\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud574\uc545\uc744 \ub258\uc6b0\uce58\uc2e0\ub2e4\u201d ; \uc694\ub098 3,9(\ucc38\uc870. \uc2a4\ubc14 2,3)\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 2,14a\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uadf8\ubd84\uc740 \ub3cc\uc774\ud0a4\uc2dc\uace0 \ud55c \ubc88 \ub354 \ub258\uc6b0\uce58\uc2e4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ud76c\ub9dd ; \uc608\ub808 1,14-15; 4,6; 6,1. 22\uc640 \uc5d0\uc81c 38,6. 15; 39,2\ub97c \ubaa8\ubc29\ud558\uc5ec 2,20\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\ubd81\ucabd \uc0ac\ub78c\u201d\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uba40\ub9ac \uc788\ub294 \uc801\uc758 \uac1c\ub150 ; \uc774\uc0ac 45,5. 6. 18. 22; 46, 9\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 2,27\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774\uc2dc\uba70 \u201c\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2e0\uc740 \uc5c6\ub2e4\u201d ; \uc5d0\uc81c 39,29(\ucc38\uc870. \uc988\uac00 12,10)\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 3,1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \u201c[\uadf8\uc758] \uc601\uc744 \ubd80\uc5b4\uc904\u201d \uac83\uc774\ub2e4 ; \uc624\uc9c1 \uc608\ub808 33,15; 50,4. 20\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc 4,1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ub0a0\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8 \uc2dc\uac04\uc5d0\ub294\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604 ; \uc774\uc0ac 66,18a\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,2\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \u201c\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\u201d\uc744 \ubaa8\uc740\ub2e4 ; (\uc624\ubc14 15\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc801\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uba38\ub9ac\ub4e4 \uc704\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ubcf5\ub41c\ub2e4) ; \uc608\ub808 6,4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 4,9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uace0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc744 \ud5a5\ud558\uc5ec \ub098\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uc18c\uc9d1\ub4e4 ; \ubbf8\uac00 4,13; \uc608\ub808 25,30; \uc774\uc0ac 63,3; 17,5\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,13\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uace1\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\ud655\uacfc \uc555\ucc29\uc5d0 \ube44\uc720\ub41c \uc804\uc7c1 \ud589\uc704 ; \uc774\uc0ac 13,4; \uc5d0\uc81c 7,11-13; 30,4. 10. 15; 39, 11. 15\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,14\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 [\uc804\uc7c1\uc758] \u201c\uc18c\ub3d9\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc5b4 ; \uc774\uc0ac 8,18\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,17a\u03b2\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc57c\ud6fc\ub294 \u201c\uc2dc\uc628\uc5d0\u201d \uac70\uc8fc\ud558\uc2e0\ub2e4 ; \uc774\uc0ac 52,1\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,17b\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc774\ubc29\uc778\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub2e8\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \u201c\uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc7a5\uc18c\u201d\uc778 \ub3c4\uc2dc, \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 ; (\uc544\ubaa8 9,13\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,18a\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \u201c\uc0b0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud3ec\ub3c4\uc999\uc744 \ud758\ub9b4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\u201d ; \uc5d0\uc81c 47,1-12[\ucc38\uc870. \uc988\uac00 14, 8]\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc98\ub7fc 4,18b\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc0d8\ubb3c\uc774 \uc131\uc804\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub098\uc62c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4).<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

4. \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 2,3b\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc0ac 51,3a, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 4,10\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc0ac 2,4(\ubbf8\uac00 4,3) \ucc98\ub7fc, \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac70\uafb8\ub85c\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc911\uc694\ud558\uace0 \ub4dc\ubb38 \ubb38\uc7a5\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc804\ub2ec\ub41c, \uc608\uc5b8\uc801 \uc5b8\uc0ac\ub97c \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \ud45c\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

5. \uc694\uc5d8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc5b8\uc0ac\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc608\uc5b8\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub300\uc751\uad6c\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ube44\ud0c4\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc758 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc778 \u201c\uc6b8\ubd80\uc9d6\uc74c\u201d(וליליה)\uc740 1,15\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \u201c\uc544\uc544!\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uac10\ud0c4\uc0ac\uc640 \ud568\uaed8, 1,5-14\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc778\ub370 \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \uc5d0\uc81c 30,2\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. 2,1-11\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uacbd\uac01 \uc678\uce68\uc740 \uc608\ub808 4,5\uacfc 6,1\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubd81\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc801\uc758 \uc678\uce68 \uacbd\uace0(\ucc38\uc870. 2,20)\uc640 \ub300\uc751\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc801\uc758 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub294 \uc774\uc0ac 13\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\ub4e4\uacfc \uc8fc\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc751\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc30\uac00\ub41c \uc778\uc2dd\uc758 \ubcf4\uc99d\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc790\uae30 \uacc4\uc2dc \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc774 2 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc74c\uc740 \uc5d0\uc81c\ud0a4\uc5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\ub294 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud558\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud2b9\ud788 2,27\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 3,1\ub85c\uc758 \uc804\uc774\ub294 \uc5d0\uc81c 39,28-29\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uacb0\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. 4,9-14\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc804\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc18c\uc9d1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5d0\uc81c 29, 30, 32, 35, 38-39\uc7a5\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc608\ub808 46\uc7a5\uacfc 49-51\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucd09\uc9c4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc804 \uc608\uc5b8\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc758\uc874\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub85c\uc11c, \uadf8\uac00 \uc81c\uc7ac(material)\uac00 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \ub2a5\ud788 \ubc14\uafbc\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4 : \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74, \uc5d0\uc81c 30,2-3\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5d0\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1\uacfc \uc774\uc0ac 13,6\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubc14\ube4c\ub860\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc774 1,15\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub010\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0c1\uc138\ud55c \ube44\uad50\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud55c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubcf5\ud569\uc801 \uc804\uc2b9\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4\ud55c\ub2e4 : \uccab\uc9f8, \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\ub4e4, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc2a4\ubc14 1-2\uc7a5, \uc774\uc0ac 13\uc7a5, \uc5d0\uc81c 30\uc7a5, \uc624\ubc14, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9d0\ub77c 3\uc7a5 ; \ub458\uc9f8, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubc00\uc811\ud788 \uc5f0\uad00\ub41c, \uc608\ub808\ubbf8\uc57c\uc11c(46, 49-51\uc7a5)\uc640 \uc5d0\uc81c\ud0a4\uc5d8\uc11c(29-32, 35\uc7a5)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4 ; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c, \ubd81\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc801\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uc608\uc5b8 \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4(\uc608\ub808 4-6\uc7a5; \uc5d0\uc81c 38-39\uc7a5).<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\ub4e4\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc740 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ud56d\ub4e4\uc744 \ubd88\uba85\ub8cc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4 :<\/SPAN> <\/P>
\n

1. \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc774 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc704\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc640 \uacb0\ud54d\uc758 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc740 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uc774\uc81c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc608\uc5b8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uadf8\uc758 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uad8c\uace0\ud558\uac8c\ub054 \uadf8\ub97c \uc778\ub3c4\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uc120\ud3ec\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc801 \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\uc81c \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ud68c\uac1c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ud604\uc7ac\uc801 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uad8c\uc704\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \ud569\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \u2015\uc5d0\uc81c\ud0a4\uc5d8\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4\u2015 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uba85\uae30\uc758-\uc2e0\uba85\uae30\uacc4\uc758 \uc7ac\uc559 \uc2e0\ud0c1\ub4e4(Deuteronomic-Deuteronomistic curse oracles ; \uc2e0\uba85 28,27. 33. 38. 49-51. 60) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud68c\uac1c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\uba85\uae30\uacc4\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\ub4e4(\uc2e0\uba85 30,10; 1\uc0ac\ubb34 7,3; 1\uc5f4\uc655 8,48; 2\uc5f4\uc655 23,25) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

2. \uc774\uc804 \uc608\uc5b8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uadc0\uae30\uc6b8\uc784\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc608\ub9ac\ud55c \ub208\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc2dd\ubcc4\ub41c, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uacb0\uc2ec\uc744 \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0(1,5-14; 2,16-17; 4,2-3), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u8a69\u7684 \uc218\uc900\uc758 \uc6d0\ucd08\uc801 \ube44\uc720\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0(1,6; 2,4-11; 3,1. 3) \uadf8\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294(\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74 1,14; 2,9. 20) \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4\u2015\uc885\uc885 \uc138\ub828\ub41c\u2015 \ub9ac\ub4ec\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
\n

\uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ubc18\uc601\ub418\ub294\uac00? \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc0ac\uc81c \uacc4\uce35\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uba70 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\uac00 \uc804\ub840\uc801 \uc591\uc2dd\ub4e4\uc744 \ucde8\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ucc45\uc740 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc81c\uc801 \uc784\ubb34\uc758 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774 \uacb0\ucf54 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5c4\ubc00\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \u201c\ubb38\ud559\uc801 \uc608\uc5b8\u201d(literary prophet)\uc744 \ub4e3\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uac00 \uc608\uc5b8\uc801 \uc800\uc220\ub4e4\uc744 \uc77d\uace0 \uc608\uc5b8\uc744 \uc4f4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud55c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb38\ud559\uc801 \uc804\ub2ec\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4 \u201c \u2026 \uad34\ub85c\uc6c0\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f4\uc815\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacc4\uc2dc\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uacb0\ub860\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294\ub2e4.\u201d \uadf8\ub294 \uc774\uc0ac 34\uc7a5(\uadf8\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uad00\ub828\ub9fa\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4)\uc774 16\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\uc2dd\ud654\ud55c \uad8c\uace0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc218\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4 : \u201c\uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ucc45\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc77d\uc5b4\ub77c : \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc911\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub77c\ub3c4 \ube60\ub728\ub824\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4, \u2026 \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ubd84\uc758 \uc785\uc740 \u547d\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ubd84\uc758 \uf9b3\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \ubaa8\uc558\ub2e4.\u201d \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \u201c\ud559\ubb38\uc801 \uc608\uc5b8\u201d(learned prophecy)\uacfc \ub9c8\uc8fc\uce5c\ub2e4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c(לꔞוֹי) \u2015 Hans Walter Wolff, “Introduction of Joel”, in JOEl and AMOS \u2015 1. \uc815\uacbd \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc45\uc758 \uc704\uce58 2. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300 3. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c 4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4 5. \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 * \ubc88\uc5ed\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58\uba70\u2026 * \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc810 1. \uc815\uacbd \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc45\uc758 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-170922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tn-board-oldtestamentedu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=170922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170922\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=170922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=170922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=170922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}