Luther, Martin(1483-1546). 1. \ucd08\uae30 \uc0dd\uc560(1483-1505\ub144) : \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 1483\ub144 10\uc6d4 10\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc2e0\uc131\ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ud280\ub9c1\ucf04 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc791\uc13c \uacf5\ub839\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \uc544\uc774\uc2ac\ub808\ubca4\uc5d0\uc11c \ube48\ub18d \ucd9c\uc0dd\uc778 \ud55c\uc2a4 \ub93c\ub370\ub974\uc640 \ub9c8\ub974\uac00\ub808\ud14c\ub9b0\ub370\ub9cc\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \uc131 \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \uc0ac\ub3c4 \uc131\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub0a0\uc758 \uae30\ub150\uc131\uc778\uc778 \ud22c\ub974\uc758 \ub9c8\ub974\ud2f0\ub178\ub97c \uc138\ub840 \uc8fc\ubcf4\ub85c \uc138\ub840\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uad50\uc721\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc804\ub840\uc640 \uc74c\uc545\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc560\ucc29\uc2ec\uacfc \uad73\uc740 \uc2e0\uc559\uc2ec\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\ubc1b\uc558\uace0 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae4a\uc740 \uad00\uc2ec, \uc8c4\uc758\uc2dd, \uc0ac\uc8c4 \ud68d\ub4dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub178\ub825 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc790\uc138\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ub9c8\ub140 \u00b7 \ub9dd\uc0c1 \u00b7 \uc545\ub9c8\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac15\uc870, \ubbf8\uc2e0\uacfc \ud63c\ud569\ub41c \uc131\uc778 \uacf5\uacbd\uacfc \uad11\uc801\uc778 \uc131\ud574 \uacf5\uacbd \uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uc131\uc9c0\uc21c\ub840, \uc8c4\uc640 \ubc8c\uacfc \uc2e0\uc758 \uc2ec\ud310 \ubc0f \uc9c0\uc625\ubc8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub450\ub824\uc6c0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc624\ub3c4\ub41c \ub300\uc911 \uc2e0\uc2ec\uc744 \ubb3c\ub824\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c\uc740 1484\ub144\uc5d0 \ub9cc\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8\uc758 \uad11\uc0b0\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8\uc640 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \ubaa8\uc740 \ub3d9\uad11\uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc8fc\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc544\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uc2e0 \ucd9c\uc138\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uad50\uc721\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1489\ub144\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ub9cc\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8 \uc2dc\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4, \uc804\ub840\uc74c\uc545, \uad50\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc30\uc6e0\uace0, 1495\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \u2018\uacf5\ub3d9\uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\ud68c\u2019\uac00 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub358 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub370\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \ub300\uc131\ub2f9 \ubd80\uc18d\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc0ac\ud559\uacfc \uc724\ub9ac\ud559\uc744 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801 \uc2e0\uc2ec\uc744 \uac15\uc870, \uc2e4\ucc9c\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2e0\uc2ec\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559 \ubd80\ud765\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a8 \uc2a4\uc2b9\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\uc6c5\uc801 \uc2e0\uc2ec\uacfc \uc870\uc6a9\ud55c \uae30\ub3c4\uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uccb4\ub4dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1\ub144 \ud6c4\uc5d0 13\uc138\uc758 \uc18c\ub144 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc544\uc774\uc81c\ub098\ud558\uc758 \uc131 \uac8c\uc624\ub974\uadf8 \uc131\ub2f9 \ubd80\uc18d \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uae09 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \ubb38\ubc95, \uc218\uc0ac\ud559, \uc2dc\ub97c \ubc30\uc6e0\uace0 \uc131 \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \uc694\ud558\ub124\uc2a4 \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b4 \ubcf8\ub2f9\uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uc2e0\uc559\uc2ec\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc99d\uc9c4\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 15\uc138\uc774\ub358 \uc5ec\ub984\ud559\uae30\uc5d0 \uc5d0\ub974\ud478\ub974\ud2b8\ub300\ud559\uc5d0 \uc785\ud559\ud558\uc5ec \uc5f4\uc2ec\ud788 \uac15\uc758\ub97c \ub4e4\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ub178\ub798\uc640 \uc545\uae30(\ub958\ud2b8) \uc5f0\uc8fc\uc5d0 \uc7ac\ub2a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\uace0, \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc9c4\uc9c0\ud55c \ud1a0\ub860\uc5d0 \uc5f4\uc911\ud558\uc5ec \ucca0\ud559\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \ubcc4\uba85\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub300\ud559\uc2dc\uc808\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud559\ubb38\uc0ac\uc870\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \uc624\uce84\uc758 \uc720\uba85\ub860(\u552f\u540d\u8ad6)\uc744 \uc811\ucd09\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1502\ub144\uc5d0 \ubb38\ud559\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uace0, 3\ub144 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc11d\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ud68d\ub4dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uace7\uc774\uc5b4 \ubd80\uce5c\uc758 \uac04\uc808\ud55c \uc6d0\uc758\ub97c \ub530\ub77c 1505\ub144 5\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc5d0\ub974\ud478\ub974\ud2b8\ub300\ud559\uc758 \ubc95\ud559\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub4f1\ub85d\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc2ec\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubc95\ub960 \uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc218\ub3c4\uc0dd\ud65c(1505-1517\ub144) : 1505\ub144 7\uc6d4\ucd08\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ub9cc\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5d0\ub974\ud478\ub974\ud2b8\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \ub3c4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc2a4\ud1a0\ud14c\ub978\ud558\uc784\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9c8\uc744 \uadfc\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \ub1cc\uc6b0(\u96f7\u96e8) \uc18d\uc5d0 \ubc88\uca4d\uc774\ub294 \ubc88\uac2f\ubd88\uc5d0 \ub180\ub77c \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uace0\ud574\uc131\uc0ac\ub3c4 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc8fd\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uacf5\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ud600 \uc131\ubd80(\u8056\u5a66) \uc548\ub098\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uccad\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uae30\ub85c \uc11c\uc6d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc11c\uc6d0\uc740 \ub3cc\ubc1c\uc801 \uacb0\uc2ec\uc774\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d0 \uc900\ube44\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac15\ub82c\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628 \uacb0\uacfc\uc600\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc911\uc138\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc790\uae30\uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uac08\ub9dd\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \ucd5c\uc120\uc758 \uae38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc790\uc138\uac00 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \uc785\ud68c\uc758 \ub3d9\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uc2e0\uc758 \uc2ec\ud310 \ubc0f \uc9c0\uc625\ubc8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub450\ub824\uc6b4 \uac10\uc815\uc774 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc11c\uc6d0\uc744 \uac00\uc18d\uc2dc\ucf30\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1505\ub144 7\uc6d4 17\uc77c\uc5d0 \ubd80\uce5c\uc758 \uaca9\ud55c \ub178\uc5ec\uc6c0\uacfc \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc758 \uac04\uace1\ud55c \ub9cc\ub958\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ud0c1\ubc1c\uc218\ub3c4\ud68c\uc778 \uc131 \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178 \uc740\uc218\uc790\ud68c\uc758 \uc5d0\ub974\ud478\ub974\ud2b8 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc57d 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \uccad\uc6d0\uc790\ub85c \uc9c0\ub0b8 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc218\ub828\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba74\uc11c \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c \uaddc\uce59\ub300\ub85c \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \uc815\ub3c5, \uc5f0\uad6c, \ubb35\uc0c1\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc218\uc778 \ub098\ud2f4\uc758 \uad8c\uc720\ub85c \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \uba40\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc720\uba85\ub860 \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. 1506\ub144 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc11c\uc6d0\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc815\uc2dd \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 1507\ub144 4\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc81c\uc11c\ud488\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ubcf8\uaca9\uc801 \uc2e0\ud559 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1508\ub144 10\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc724\ub9ac\ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uc11c\uc640 \uc2e0\ud559, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc720\uba85\ub860 \uc2e0\ud559\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uace0 1509\ub144\uc5d0 \uc131\uc11c\uc640 \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \ub86c\ubc14\ub974\ub3c4\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559 \uba85\uc81c\ub860 4\uc9d1\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uaca9\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1510\ub144 \ub9d0\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2fc \ubd84\uc7c1 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0 \uac14\ub2e4\uac00 5\uac1c\uc6d4 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uadc0\uad6d\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc758 \ubd80\uc6d0\uc7a5\uacfc \uc2e0\ud559\uc5f0\uc218\uc6d0 \uc6d0\uc7a5\uc744 \uacb8\uc784\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c\uc758 \uc124\uad50\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1511\ub144\uc5d0 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ud559 \uba85\uc81c\ub860 4\uc9d1\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1513\ub144 10\uc6d4 19\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ud559\ubc15\uc0ac \ud559\uc704\ub97c \ud68d\ub4dd\ud558\uace0 \uc131\uc11c\uad50\uc218\ub85c\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1515\ub144\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \ubcf8\ub2f9\uc758 \uc124\uad50\uac00\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ub418\uc5b4 \uac15\ub860\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc81c\ucc3d\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc131 \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178 \uc740\uc218\uc790\ud68c\uc758 11\uac1c \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc744 \uad00\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ubd80\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc120\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc218\uc0ac\uc2e0\ubd80\uc778 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \uad00\uc2ec\uc0ac\ub294 \u2018\ub098\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\u2019\uc774\uc5c8\uace0 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uacfc \uac08\ub9dd\uc740 \uadf8\ub97c \uc18c\uc2ec\ud55c \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc2e0\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uacf5\ub85c\ub97c \uacfc\ub300\ud3c9\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uc720\uba85\ub860\uc801 \uc724\ub9ac\uad00\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uac70\uc758 \uc644\ubcbd\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud558\ub824\uace0 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd88\uac00\ud56d\ub825\uc801 \uc721\uc695\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc778 \uc218\ub3c4\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbff\uace0 \uc601\uc2e0\uc801 \ubc88\ub1cc\uc5d0 \ube60\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc544\uc6b8\ub7ec \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc11c 1\uc7a5 17\uc808\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uc131\uad6c, \u201c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc815\uc758\ub294 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0ac\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ubc14\uc6b8\ub85c \uc0ac\ub3c4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc744 \uc0ac\ub791\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c, \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uc5c4\ubc8c\ud558\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uace0\ubbfc\uc744 \uacaa\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub0b4\uc801 \uac08\ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc758 \ud0d1\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131\uad6c\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d \uc5f0\uad6c, \ubb35\uc0c1 \uc911\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \u201c\uc758\uc778\uc740 \uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \uc0b0\ub2e4\u201d\ub294 \ub9d0\uc500\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc758 \uc218\ub3d9\uc801 \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654\ub97c \ub204\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(\ud0d1\uc2e4 \uccb4\ud5d8). \uc774\uc81c \uadf8\ub294 \u2018\uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc758\ud654\u2019\uc758 \uad50\ub9ac\ub97c \uc8fc\ucc3d\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc778\uac04 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uad50\ud68c, \uc131\uc0ac, \uc0ac\uc81c\uc9c1 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacac\ud574\ub294 \ud0d1\uc2e4 \uccb4\ud5d8\uc758 \ub3cc\ubc1c\uc801 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc774\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uc7a5\uc0c1\uc774\uba70 \uac1c\uc778 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc2e0\ubd80\uc600\ub358 \uc694\ud55c \uc2a4\ud0c0\uc6b0\ud53c\uce20\uc758 \ud6c8\ud654, \uc131 \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178\uc758 \ubc18(\u53cd) \ud3a0\ub77c\uc9c0\uc624\uc801 \uc800\uc11c, \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \uc2e0\ube44\uc8fc\uc758(\uc694\ud55c \ud0c0\uc6b8\ub7ec), \uc624\uce84\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1, \uc131\uc11c \ub4f1\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \ub300\uc0ac\ub17c\uc7c1\uacfc \ub8e8\ud130 \ub2e8\uc8c4(1517-1521\ub144) : \uad50\ud669 \ub808\uc624 10\uc138(\uc7ac\uc704 : 1513-1521)\ub294 \uc804\uc784 \uad50\ud669\uc774 \uc131 \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \ub300\uc131\uc804\uc758 \uc7ac\uac74\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ubc18\ud3ec\ud55c \ub300\uc0ac\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uacf5\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \ub300\uc0ac\ubd80(\u5927\u8d66\u7b26) \ud310\ub9e4 \ucd09\uc9c4\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc0ac \uc124\uad50\ub97c \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\uc0ac\uc758 \ucc38\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \ub9dd\uac01\ud558\uace0 \ub300\uc0ac\ubd80\ub97c \uba74\uc8c4\ubd80(\u514d\u7f6a\u7b26)\ub85c \ucc29\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ucda9\uaca9\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 1517\ub144 10\uc6d4 31\uc77c\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c \uad00\uc2b5\ub300\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \uad50\uad6c\uc7a5\uacfc \ub300\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0\uac8c \ub300\uc0ac \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud56d\uc758\ud558\ub294 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \u201895\uac1c\ud56d\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559 \uba85\uc81c\u2019\ub97c \uc791\uc131, \ub3d9\ubd09\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ud559 \uba85\uc81c\ub294 \uac00\uc124\uc801 \ub17c\uc810\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub300\uc0ac \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd80\uc778\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc131\uc11c\uc640 \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\uc0ac\uc758 \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacac\ud574\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\ud559\ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc791\uc131\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc57d 2\uc8fc\uc77c \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ub3d9\ub8cc \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc218\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ud559\uba85\uc81c\ub97c \ubc1c\uc1a1\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc774\ub294 \ucd9c\ud310\uc5c5\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc190\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 1518\ub144 \ucd08\uc5d0 \uc778\uc1c4\ub418\uc5b4 \ub110\ub9ac \uc804\ud30c\ub418\uace0 \uc778\ubb38\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \uad50\ud68c \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc5f4\ub9dd\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ud658\uc601\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uace7 \uc131 \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54 \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\uaca9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ubc18\ub860 \uba85\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 4\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc131 \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178 \uc740\uc218\uc790\ud68c\uc758 \ud558\uc774\ub378\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \ucc38\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc18c\ud658\ub418\uc5b4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ucca0\ud68c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc885\uc6a9\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uadf8\ub294 \u2018\uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\u2019\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uace0 6\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 95\uac1c\ud56d\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uba85\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uc124\uc11c\ub97c \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uacb0\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 1518\ub144 10\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uce74\uc608\ud30c\ub178 \ucd94\uae30\uacbd\uc774 \uc2ec\ubb38\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \uc544\uc6b0\uadf8\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0 \ud30c\uacac\ub418\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68, \uc989 \ub300\uc0ac, \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uc131\uc0ac \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uad00\uacc4, \uacf5\ub85c\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacac\ud574\ub97c \uacbd\uccad\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \uc774\ub2e8\uc801 \uad50\ub9ac\ub97c \ucde8\uc18c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uba85\ub839\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc131\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc798\ubabb\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc99d\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \uc2b9\ubcf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc1d\ud614\uace0, \uadf8\uac00 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5b4 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0 \uc555\uc1a1\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\ubb38\uc774 \ub098\ub3cc\uc544 \uc544\uc6b0\ud06c\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\uc838\ub098\uc654\ub2e4. \uac19\uc740 \ud574 11\uc6d4 9\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub300\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad50\ud669 \uad50\uc11c\uac00 \ubc18\ud3ec\ub418\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud130\uc5d0\uac8c \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad50\ub3c4\uad8c\uc5d0 \ud56d\uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0 \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uce74\uc608\ud0c0\ub178 \ucd94\uae30\uacbd\uc740 \uc791\uc13c\uc758 \ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\ud788 \uc120\uc81c\ud6c4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub8e8\ud130\ub97c \ucd94\ubc29\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc778\ub3c4\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ub8e8\ud130\uac00 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc774\ub2e8\uc790\ub85c \ub2e8\uc8c4\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac70\uc808\ub2f9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1519\ub144 6\uc6d4 27\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc791\uc13c\uacf5 \uac8c\uc624\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \ub77c\uc774\ud504\uce58\ud788\uc5d0\uc11c \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc800\uba85\ud55c \uc2e0\ud559\uc790 \uc694\ud55c \uc5d0\ud06c\uc640 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0, \uad50\ud669\uacfc \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud1a0\ub860\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uad50\ud669\uad8c\uc758 \uc2e0\uc218\uc124(\u795e\u6388\u8aaa)\uacfc \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uc758 \ubb34\ub958\uc131(\u7121\u8b2c\u6027)\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1520\ub144 2\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc870\uc0ac \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uac00 \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 6\uc6d4 15\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uad50\ud669 \uad50\uc11c \u2018Exsurge Domine\u2019\uac00 \ubc18\ud3ec\ub418\uc5b4 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uc774\ub2e8\uad50\ub9ac 41\uac1c\ud56d\uc744 \ub098\uc5f4\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e8\uc8c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uad50\ud669\uacfc \uad50\ud669\uccad\uc744 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\ub294 \uc18c\ucc45\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\uace0 \uac1c\ud601 \uc120\uc5b8\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc77c\uceec\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 <\ub3c5\uc77c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\ud568>, <\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubc14\ube4c\ub860 \uc720\uc218\uc0dd\ud65c>, <\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\uc758 \uc790\uc720>\ub97c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uc5ec \ub3c5\uc77c\uc778\uc758 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uad50\ud669\uccad\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc801 \ubc18\uac10\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uad50\ub9ac\uc640 \uad00\uc2b5\uc744 \ubc18\ubc15\ud558\uc600\uace0 12\uc6d4 10\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c\uc758 \uc5d8\uc2a4\ud130 \uc131\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud669 \uad50\uc11c\ub97c \uacf5\uac1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uac01\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 1521\ub144 1\uc6d4 3\uc77c\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub41c \uad50\ud669 \uad50\uc11c \u2018Decet Romanum Pontificem\u2019\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uacf5\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\ubb38\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. \uac1c\ud601\uc6b4\ub3d9(1521-1530\ub144) : 1521\ub144 1\uc6d4 27\uc77c\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf4\ub984\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc131\ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ud669\uc81c \uce7c 5\uc138(\uc7ac\uc704 : 1519-1556)\ub294 \ud30c\ubb38\ubc1b\uc740 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uad6d\uc678 \ucd94\ubc29\ub839\uc744 \uc120\ud3ec\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\ud788 \uc120\uc81c\ud6c4\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc73c\ub85c \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \ubcf4\ub984\uc2a4 \uad6d\ud68c \ucd9c\ub450\ub839\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 4\uc6d4 18\uc77c\uc5d0 \uad6d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \uad50\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ubcc0\ub860\ud55c \ud6c4, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc131\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uc624\ub958\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc99d\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc591\uc2ec\uc744 \uac70\uc2ac\ub824 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \ucde8\uc18c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5f4\ubcc0\uc744 \ud1a0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \ud669\uc81c\ub294 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uc624\ub958\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc870\ucc98\ub3c4 \ucde8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc720\uac10\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc774\uc81c \ub8e8\ud130\ub97c \uc774\ub2e8\uc790\ub85c \uacf5\uc778\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce7c 5\uc138\ub294 5\uc6d4 8\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \ucd94\uc885\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd94\ubc29\uc744 \uba85\ud558\ub294 \uce59\ub839\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud558\uc5ec 5\uc6d4 25\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc758\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uadc0\uac00\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ud669\uc81c\ub294 \uc804\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\uc77c\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098 \ub8e8\ud130 \ub2e8\uc8c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uc2dd \uc785\uc7a5 \ucd94\ubc29\ub839\uc740 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 1521\ub144 4\uc6d4 26\uc77c\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub984\uc2a4\ub97c \ub5a0\ub098 \ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\ud788\uc758 \uc8fc\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub974\ud2b8\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc131\uc5d0 \uc740\uc2e0\ud558\uc5ec \ubbf8\uc0ac \uc131\uc81c, \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc758 \ub3c5\uc2e0\uc0dd\ud65c, \uc218\ub3c4\ud5c8\uc6d0\uc744 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\ub294 \uc800\uc11c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\uace0 \uc2e0\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\ub97c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc5b4 \uc6d0\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c5\uc77c\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uacfc\uaca9\ud55c \uc124\uad50\uc640 \uc800\uc11c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ud63c\ub780 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ube60\ub728\ub838\uace0, \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0ac\uc81c\uc9c1\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 1521\ub144\ub9d0\ubd80\ud130 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uacfc\uaca9\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud63c\ub780\uc774 \uc2ec\uac01\ud574\uc9c0\uc790 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 1522\ub144 3\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc218\ub3c4\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uac15\ub860\ub300\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c \ud3ed\ub825\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\ub294 \ubcf4\uc218\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3c9\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad50\ud68c \uc1c4\uc2e0\uc744 \ubd80\ub974\uc9d6\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1524\ub144 \uc5ec\ub984\uc5d0 \ub18d\ubbfc\ubc18\ub780\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ub0b4\uc138\uc6cc \ub18d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc130\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub18d\ubbfc \ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c \uc778\ub0b4\uc640 \ud3c9\ud654\ub97c \ud638\uc18c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc601\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub18d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uc5ed\uc124\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80 \ub18d\ubbfc \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc29\ud654\uc640 \uc0b4\uc721\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uacf5\ubc31\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \ub2e5\uce58\uc790 \uadf8\ub294 \uacfc\uaca9\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2eb\uc5b4\ud558\uace0(\ube44\ub85d \uadf8\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc) \uad8c\uc704\ub97c \uc874\uc911\ud558\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc794\uc778\ud558\uace0 \uc545\uc758\uc5d0 \uac00\ub4dd \ucc2c \uad11\uace0 \u2018\uac15\ub3c4\uc774\uba70 \uc0b4\uc778\ub9c8\uc778 \ub18d\ubbfc\ub3c4\ub2f9\uc744 \ubc18\ubc15\ud568\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\ud6c4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\ud68c \ubb34\uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubb34\ub825 \uc9c4\uc555\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uad6d\uac00 \uc601\uc6c5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ucf00 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc778\uae30\ud558\ub77d\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uacb0\ud63c\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc18d\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 42\uc138\uc758 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc2dc\ud1a0 \uc218\ub140\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud658\uc18d\ud55c 16\uc138 \uc5f0\ud558\uc758 \uce74\ud0c0\ub9ac\ub098 \ubcf8 \ubcf4\ub77c\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \ucda9\uaca9\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\ub97c \uba40\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1\uc774 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 1529\ub144 10\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub9c8\ub974\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uccb4\ud604\uc874\ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub450\uace0 \uce20\ube48\uae00\ub9ac(1484-1531)\uc640 \uc758\uacac\uc744 \ub2ec\ub9ac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadf8\uc640 \uacb0\ubcc4, \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc790\ub97c \uc783\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
5. \ud6c4\uae30\uc0dd\uc560(1530-1546\ub144) : \uce7c 5\uc138\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc9c0\ubc29\uc758 \uad6c\uad50(\uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad)\uacfc \uc2e0\uad50(\ub8e8\ud130\ud30c)\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ub300\ub9bd\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \ud63c\ub780\uc744 \ud574\uc18c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec 1530\ub144\uc5d0 \uc544\uc6b0\ud06c\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uad6d\uc758\ud68c\ub97c \uac1c\ucd5c\ud558\uc5ec \uc591\uce21\uc774 \ud654\ud574\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc6b0\uc120 \ub8e8\ud130 \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\ub9bd \uba5c\ub780\ud788\ud1a4(1497-1560)\uc774 \uc2e0\uc870\ubb38(\u2018\uc544\uc6b0\ud06c\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c \uc2e0\uc559\uace0\ubc31\uc11c\u2019)\uc744 \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc694\ud55c \uc5d0\ud06c\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uc774 \u2018\uc544\uc6b0\ud06c\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c \uc2e0\uc559\uace0\ubc31\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\ub860\u2019\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ud611\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub098\uc130\ub2e4. \uc591\uce21 \ud611\uc0c1\uc704\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd5c\ub300 \uc808\ucda9\uacfc \ucd5c\uc18c \uc694\uad6c\uc758 \uc591\ubcf4 \uc790\uc138\ub85c \uc784\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\ud569\uc77c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud654\ud574\uc758 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\uac00 \uace0\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud1b5\ud569\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub294 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ubc95\uc758 \ubc29\uce58\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uad6d\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ucf54\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \ucd94\uc885\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc11c\uc2e0 \uc5f0\ub77d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ud611\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uba5c\ub780\ud788\ud1a4\uc758 \uc591\ubcf4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5c4\uc911\ud558\uac8c \ud790\ucc45\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\uc758 \uc601\uc8fc \ud504\ub9ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\ud788\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ub2f4\ud310\ub3c4 \uac70\ubd80\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4. 1536\ub144\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uce7c 5\uc138\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\ub85c \uad50\ud669 \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 3\uc138(\uc7ac\uc704 : 1534-1549)\ub294 \ub9cc\ud22c\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc1c4\uc2e0 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\ub97c \uac1c\ucd5c\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uacf5\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uc288\ub9d0\uce7c\ub374\ub3d9\ub9f9\uc758 \uc2e0\uad50 \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \u2018\uc288\ub9cc\uce7c\ub374 \uc2e0\uc559\uc870\ubb38\u2019\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1537\ub144\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ub2f4\uc11d\uc99d\uc5d0 \uac78\ub824 \ud5c8\uc57d\ud574\uc84c\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \ub458\uc9f8 \ub2ec \ub9c9\ub2ec\ub808\ub098\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \uac74\uac15\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc545\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1546\ub144\ucd08\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \ub9cc\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8\uc758 \ubc31\uc791 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0\ubd84\uc7c1\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \uace0\ud5a5 \uc544\uc774\uc2ac\ub808\ubca4\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \uc911\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub294 \ub178\uc1e0\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubcd1\uc11d\uc5d0 \ub215\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2\uc6d4 18\uc77c \ubc24\uc5d0 \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ub450 \uc544\ub4e4, \ub9c8\ub974\ud2f0\ub178\uc640 \ubc14\uc624\ub85c, \ub9cc\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8\uc758 \uc54c\ube0c\ub808\ud2b8 \ubc31\uc791 \ubd80\ubd80, \uc61b \ud559\uc6b0\uc778 \uc720\uc2a4\ud1a0 \uc694\ub098\uc2a4, \ubcf8\ub2f9\ubaa9\uc0ac, \uc758\uc0ac \ub4f1\uc774 \ub458\ub7ec\uc120 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b4\uba85\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \u201c\ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \uc124\uad50\ud55c \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ud655\uc2e0\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uac00?\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c8\ubb38\uc5d0 \u201c\uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uace0 \uc228\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uc7a5\ub840\uc2dd\uc740 2\uc6d4 22\uc77c\uc5d0 \uba5c\ub780\ud788\ud1a4\uc758 \uc8fc\ub840\ub85c \uac70\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc720\ud574\ub294 \ube44\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c\uc131\uc758 \uc911\uc559\uc131\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uc548\uce58\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. (\u91d1\u8056\u6cf0)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] E.G. Rupp, Benjamin Drewery, Martin Luther, rep. London 1972 \/ John M. Todd, Martin Luther. A Biographical Study, London 1964 \/ E.H. Erikson, Young Man Luther. A Study in Psycho-analysis and History, London 1958 \/ J. Atkison, Martin Luther, Harmondsworth 1967 \/ R.H. Bainton, Here I Stand. A Life of Martin Luther, New York 1950 \/ H. Denifle, Luther und Luthetum, 2 vols., Mainz 1904-1909 \/ H. Grisar, Luther, 3 vols. 3rd ed. Freiburg I. Br. 1924-1925 \/ O. Scheel, Martin Luther. Vom Katholizismus zur Reformation, 2 vols, Tubingen, 1916-1917 \/ K.A. Meissinger, Der Katholische Luther, Munchen 1952 \/ Franz Lau, Luther, 2nd ed., Berlin 1966 \/ L. Febre, Un destin. Martin Luther, Paris 1928 \/ H. Strohl, Luther jusqu\u2019en 1520, Paris 1962 \/ \u91d1\u8056\u6cf0, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\u9751\u5e74 \ub8e8\ud130, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc548\uc758 \uad50\ud68c, \uc11c\uc6b8 1984 \/ \u91d1\u8056\u6cf0, \u5b97\u654e\u6539\u9769\u5bb6 \ub8e8\ud130, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\u5927\u5b78\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6, \uc81c10\uc9d1, 1984. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Luther, Martin(1483-1546). 1. \ucd08\uae30 \uc0dd\uc560(1483-1505\ub144) : \ub8e8\ud130\ub294 1483\ub144 10\uc6d4 10\uc77c\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc2e0\uc131\ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ud280\ub9c1\ucf04 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \uc791\uc13c \uacf5\ub839\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c \uc544\uc774\uc2ac\ub808\ubca4\uc5d0\uc11c \ube48\ub18d \ucd9c\uc0dd\uc778 \ud55c\uc2a4 \ub93c\ub370\ub974\uc640 \ub9c8\ub974\uac00\ub808\ud14c\ub9b0\ub370\ub9cc\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \uc131 \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c \uc0ac\ub3c4 \uc131\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub0a0\uc758 \uae30\ub150\uc131\uc778\uc778 \ud22c\ub974\uc758 \ub9c8\ub974\ud2f0\ub178\ub97c \uc138\ub840 \uc8fc\ubcf4\ub85c \uc138\ub840\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30