{"id":52383,"date":"2008-09-16T10:17:48","date_gmt":"2008-09-16T10:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_catholicdictionary3_list\/17951"},"modified":"2026-01-17T01:08:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T16:08:49","slug":"tn_a_tn2_catholicdictionary3_list_17951","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/?p=52383","title":{"rendered":"\uc81c 12\uad8c \uc81c 4\uc7a5 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4\uac00 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc640 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \ub9fa\uc740 \uac83\uacfc, \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00\ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4\ub97c \ud654\ub098\uac8c \ud55c \uac83, \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc77c\uc744 \uc815\uc0c1\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uadf8\uc640 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc6b0\uc815\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uacfc \uc694\uc149\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \uce58\uc801\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec"},"content":{"rendered":"

 
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\uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4\uac00 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc640 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \ub9fa\uc740 \uac83\uacfc, \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00\ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4\ub97c \ud654\ub098\uac8c \ud55c \uac83, \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc77c\uc744 \uc815\uc0c1\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uadf8\uc640 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc6b0\uc815\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uacfc \uc694\uc149\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \uce58\uc801\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec<\/SPAN>
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  1. \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc640 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4<\/SPAN>
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\uc774 \uc77c\uc774 \uc788\uace0 \ub09c \ud6c4 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc640183) \uace0\ub300. 12\uad8c. (154-236)\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \uae34 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc740 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc, \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4, \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc778\ub370 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc6d0\uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4, \uc989 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc740 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud558\uba70 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc740 \uac70\uc9d3\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1a0\ub860\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ub300\uae30\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uae30\ud0c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd80\ub85d\uc758 \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ub904\uc9c4\ub2e4. <\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4, \uadf8\ub294 \uc8fc\uc804 204(3)\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 181\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc7ac\uc704\ud588\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc6b0\ud638\uc870\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \ub538 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c(Cleopatra)\ub97c \uadf8\uc640 \ud63c\uc778\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uadf8 \uacb0\ud63c\uc740 \uc8fc\uc804 193\ub144 \uacbd\uc5d0 \uc774\ub904\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uadf8 \uba3c\uc800 \uc989 196\ub144 \uacbd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\uc81c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc654\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucc38). \ubca0\ubc18\uc758 \\’\uc140\ub958\ucfe0\uc2a4 \uc655\uc2e4\\'(The house of Seleucus), 2\uad8c. 57, Holleaux\uc758 \\’CAH\\’, viii. 199.]<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub294 \ub538\uc758 \uc9c0\ucc38\uae08 \uba85\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544 \uc9c0\ubc29\uacfc<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub294 \ub370\uac00\ubcfc\ub9ac(Decaoplis)\ub098 \ub354 \ub113\uac8c\ub294 \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc694\ub974\ub2e8(Transjordan)\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 11\uad8c. (25), 12\uad8c. (133) ; \ubca0\ubc18 \\’\uc140\ub958\ucfe0\uc2a4 \uc655\uc2e4\\’ 2\uad8c. 297\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac08\ub9b4\ub9ac(\uc758\ubb38\uacfc \ud568\uaed8)\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544,\uc720\ub300,<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud55c \uc0ac\ubcf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub450\ub9e4.]<\/SPAN> \ubca0\ub2c8\uac8c(Phoenicia)<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc774 \uc120\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uba87\uba87 \uace0\ub300 \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud3f4\ub9ac\ube44\uc6b0\uc2a4 xxviii, 20. 0 : \\’\uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c \ubc14\uc758 \ub3d9\uc758\uac00 \uc774\ub904\uc84c\ub2e4. \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c -\ud604(\uc560\uad7d) \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\uc758 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8-\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c\uc758 \uc9c0\ucc38\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ubc1b\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uba85\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc640 \uadf8\uc758(\uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc758) \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc774\ub904\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.\\’ \ucc38). \uc544\ud53c\uc548(Appian)\uc758 \\’Syr.\\’ 5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \\’\ub85c\ub9c8\uc640 \uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub9c8\ub2f9\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 (\uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4 \u2162\uc138) \uacb0\ud63c \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc73c\ub85c\uc368  \uc778\uadfc \uc655\ub4e4\uc744 \ub04c\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc774\ub824 \ud588\ub2e4. \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ub538 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\ub97c \uacb0\ud63c \uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uc120\ubb3c\ub85c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc11c \uc560\uad7d\uc758 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uacf3\uc740 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc7a5\uc545\ud588\ub358 \uacf3\uc774\ub2e4\\’ ; \ub610\ud55c \uc720\uc138\ube44\uc6b0\uc2a4(Eusebius) \\’\uc5f0\ub300\uae30\\'(Chronicon)\uc5d0\uc11c Porphyry\ub294 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544, \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544, \uc720\ub2e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uba70, \uc81c\ub86c(Jerome)\uc740 \ub2e4\ub2c8\uc5d8 11 : 17\uc808\uc758 \ub17c\uae09\uc5d0\uc11c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc140\ub958\ud0a4\ub4dc \uc655\uc870\uac00 \uc804 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f4\uacfc \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ud1b5\uce58\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4\uac00 \uc8fc\uc804 200\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 198\ub144\uc5d0 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc758 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ubb3c\ub9ac\ucce4\ub358<\ucc38). \uc8fc 143, 144>\uac83\uc744 \uc9d0\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc740 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989(158)\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\ub77c\uba74(\uc8fc 195) \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud560\ub2f9\ub41c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc138\uae08\uc740 \uc804\ud600 \uac70\ub46c\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uadf8\uacf3\uc774 \uc140\ub958\ud0a4\ub4dc \uc815\ubcf5\uc9c0\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f4\uacfc \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc694\ub974\ub2e8 \uc804\uccb4\ub098 \ud639\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uce58\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4(\ud639\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc790\ub8cc)\ub97c \ub530\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubd80\ub85d\uc5d0 \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c \\’duard Cuq\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.]<\/SPAN> \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc624\ub294 \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ub450 \uad70\uc8fc\uac00 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc790<\/SPAN>[\u321c Holleaux\uac00 \\’REF\\’39\uad8c 1899, 0.161\uc774\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc2e0\uc788\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc640 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4 \u2162\uc138 \uc0ac\uc774\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ub2e4 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc694\uc149(Tobiad Joshep)\uc774 \ud55c \ub18d\ub2f4\uc758 \ubb18\ubbf8\ub97c \uc774\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4(178). Momigliano\uc758 \uc774\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ubd80\ub85d\uc5d0 \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c \uadf8\uc758 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.]<\/SPAN> \uc138\ub825\uac00\ub4e4(prominent men)\uc744 \uac01 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ubb38\uc790\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \\’\ub9c8\uc744\ub4e4\\’. \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f4\uacfc \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc694\ub974\ub2e8\uc758 \uc18c\uc74d\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uad8c\uc744\ubd80\uc5ec\ubc1b\uc544 \uc77c\uc815\ub7c9\uc758 \uc138\uae08\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc5b4 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4\uc640 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c\ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubc88\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc740<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud5ec\ub77c\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 \\’\uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\\’. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 9\uad8c. (61) \uac01\uc8fc.]<\/SPAN> \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \ud669\ud3d0\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub178\uc608\ub85c \ub04c\uace0\uac10\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uad34\ub86d\ud614\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c Buchler\ub294 \\’Tobiaden\\’ p.88\uc5d0\uc11c, \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uc790\ub8cc\ub294 \\’\ud55c\uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\\'(a samaritan)\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc640\uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uad70\uc774 \uc8fc\uc804 218\ub144 \uc720\ub2e4\uc758\uce5c \uc140\ub958\ud0a4\ub4dc\ud30c\ub97c \uacf5\uaca9\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc77c\uc740 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4(Onias)\uac00 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc7ac\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5d8\ub974\uc544\uc0b4\uc774 \uc8fd\uc790 \uadf8\uc758 \uc0bc\ucd0c\uc778 \ubbc0\ub0ab\uc138(Manasses)\uac00 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc9c1\uc744 \uc2b9\uacc4\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \ubbc0\ub0ab\uac8c\uac00 \uc8fd\uc740\ud6c4 \uc2dc\ubaac(Simon)\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uba70 \uc758\uc778(the Just)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\uc6b0\ub294 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc758 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ubd80\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.]<\/SPAN> \ud544\uc790\uac00 \uc55e\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc2dc\ubaac\uc740 \uc5d8\ub974\uc544\uc0b4\uc758 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uace0\ub300. 12\uad8c. (44).]<\/SPAN> \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc18c\uc2ec\ud558\uace0 \ub3c8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d1\ucc29\uc774 \uac15\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc138\uc785\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc0c1 \ub300\ub300\ub85c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc14\uccd0\uc628 \uc740 20\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uc758 \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.\uc774\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uadf8\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc758 \ubd84\ub178\ub97c \uc0ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc740 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub97c \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4, \ub9cc\uc77c \uadf8\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uc9c0\uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcd1\ud569\ud558\uace0 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uadf8 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ub454\uc2dc\ud0ac \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc704\ud611\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc655\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \ub2f9\ud669\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc704\ud611\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc870\uae08\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc694\ub418\uc9c0\uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uadf8\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud0d0\uc695\uc2a4\ub7f0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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 2. \uc694\uc149 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uc0bc\ucd0c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4 \u2161\uc138<\/SPAN>
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  \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc774\ub780 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \ube44\ub85d \ub098\uc774\uac00 \uc5b4\ub838\uc9c0\ub9cc \uace0\uc0c1\ud55c \uc131\ud488\uacfc \uc120\uacac\uc9c0\uba85\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc758\ub86d\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3c9\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.195) \uc989 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\\’\ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ud544\ub85c\ud30c\ud1a0\ub974\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc600\ub358 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4(Euergetes)\ub97c \ucca8\uac00\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc810\uc740 \ubd80\ub85d\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\uc758\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc740 \ub77c\uc774\ub098\ud750\uac00 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \\’\uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uc740 \uc8fc\uc11d\\’\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub4ef\uc774 \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc778 \ubc18\uba74,\uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucca8\uac00\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc758 \uc18d\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\ub294\ub370\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \uadf8\uacf3\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d \uc8fc\uc804 198\ub144\uc5d0 \uc140\ub8e8\ud0a4\ub4dc\uac00 \uc815\ubcf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc7ac\uc704(\uc8fc\uc804 246-221)\ub97c \ub9d0\ud588\uace0 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc640 \uadf8\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc778 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4 \u2162\uc138\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud588\ub4ef\uc774(131\uc774\ud558), \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4(\ucc38). \uc704\uc758 \uc8fc 188)\ub97c \uae30\uc220\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4\ub294 \uc798\ubabb \uc0bd\uc785\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8(223)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uc149\uc740 22\ub144\ub3d9\uc548 \uc138\uae08 \uc9d5\uc218\uc6d0\uc744 \ud55c \ud6c4 \uc8fc\uc804 187\ub144 \uc140\ub958\ucfe0\uc2a4 \u2163\uc138\uc758 \ub4f1\uadf9 \uc988\uc74c\ud574\uc11c \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c \uc8fc\uc804 209\ub144\uc5d0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc77c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4 \ub4f1\uadf9 \uc218\ub144 \uc804\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\ub294 \uc8fc\uc804 187\ub144 \ucbe4 \uacf5\uc9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub09c \ub4ef\ud558\ub2e4.. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uacf5\ubb34 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc744 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4 \uc7ac\uc704\uc758 \ub05d\uc778 \uc8fc\uc804 221\ub144\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\ub7ec\ub098\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uace0\ub85c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \uac00\ud544(\u52a0\u7b46, interpolation)\uc740 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc790\ub8cc\uc758 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \uc544\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\uadf8\uc758 \ud488\uc704\uc640, \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ub3cc\ubcf4\ub294 \uac83 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4.\\’]<\/SPAN> \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub294 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\uc2a4(Tobias)\uc600\uc73c\uba70 <\/SPAN>[\u321c  \ud639\uc740 \\’\ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc\\’, \uc989 \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uc558\ub358 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544(tobiah)\uc758 \ud6c4\uc190.]<\/SPAN> \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ub294 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uc758 \ub204\uc774\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \uace0\ud5a5\uc778 \ud53c\ucf5c\ub77c(Phichola)\uc5d0<\/SPAN>[\u321c \u7570\u6587\uc5d0\ub294 \ud53c\ucf5c\ub77c(Phicola). \uc7a5\uc18c\ub294 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc\uc871\uc774 \uc6d0\ub798 \uc554\ubaac\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc694\ub974\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ucd94\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \ucc38). \uc8fc 253.]<\/SPAN> \ub099\ud5a5\ud574 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c, \uadf8\uc758 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\uac00\uc655\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc774 \ucc3e\uc544\uc654\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\uc790 \uadf8\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc73c\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub97c \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc758 \uc548\uc804\uc744 \uc870\uae08\ub3c4 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uadf8 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc218\uc7a5\uad8c(chiefmagistracy)\uacfc<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc758 <\/SPAN>prostasivan<\/SPAN>\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 <\/SPAN>th\\’\\” ajrcieratikh\\’\\” timh\\’\\”<\/SPAN>\uc758 \ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4\uc778\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc2dc\uc758 \uad00\uc9c1(civil office) (\ucc38). Preisigke\uc758 \\’Fachworter\\’. p. 152)\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ubb38\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc778\uc9c0 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub17c\uc7c1\uac70\ub9ac\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ubd80\ub85d\uc5d0 \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c. \ub2e4\uc74c \uad6c\uc808\uacfc \uc678\ubd80\uc758 \ubcf8\ubb38\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\uc790\ub97c \ub354 \uc120\ud638\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc720\uc758\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc38) Diodor. Sic. xl. 4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758.  \ud5e4\uce74\ud0c0\uc774\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc758 \ubcf8\ubb38. \ucd08\uae30 \ud5ec\ub77c \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc740 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0 \uce58\uc548\uad00(Chief magistrate)\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. (285)\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub9c8\ud0c0\ub514\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \uc8fd\uc740 \ud6c4 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc720\ub2e4(Judas)\uac00 <\/SPAN>prostasivan tw\\’n pragmavtwn<\/SPAN>\uc744 \uacc4\uc2b9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uadf8  \ubc18\uc5ed\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc81c\uc77c\uc758 \uad8c\ub825\uc774\ub098 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub825\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc740(\uc140\ub958\ud0a4\ub4dc \uc655\uc870\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c) \uc2dc\uc758 \uad00\uc9c1\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ubb38\uc801 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ud6c4\uc5d0(167) <\/SPAN>prostsivan<\/SPAN>\uc744 \ub9e1\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ubc15\ud0c8\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\ub4f1\uc740 \ubdd4\ud758\ub7ec(Buchler)\ub098 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ubbf8\uae00\ub9ac\uc544\ub178(Momigliano)\uc640 \ud504\ub8e8\uc778(Fruin)\uc774 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub4ef\uc774, \uc804\ud600 \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ud504\ub85c\uc2a4\ud0c0\ud14c\uc2a4(<\/SPAN>prostath\\”<\/SPAN>), \uc2e0\uc758 \uc218\ud638\uc790) \uc2dc\ubaac\uacfc \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc544\uace0\ub77c\ub178\ubbf8\uc544(<\/SPAN>ajgoranomiva<\/SPAN>, \uc131\uc9c1 : \ub9c8\uce74\ube44 2\uc11c 3: 4) \uc2f8\uc6c0\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uac19\uc740 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ubd80\uc0c1\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ubd80\ub85d\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.]<\/SPAN> \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc9c1\ubd84\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc704\ud5d8\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098, \ub9cc\uc77c \uadf8\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \ub3c8\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \uc9d1\ucc29\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uacb0\uad6d \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud558\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \uc628\uac16 \uc2dc\ub828\uc744 \uacaa\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uacbd\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc655\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uc5ec \uc870\uacf5\uc758 \uc804\ubd80 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uba74\uc81c\ud558\uc5ec \uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uac04\uccad\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ucda9\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc9c1\uc744 \uace0\uc218\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \uc9c1\ubd84\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud560 \uc900\ube44\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \ud504\ub85c\uc2a4\ud0c0\ud14c\uc2a4(<\/SPAN>prostathv\\”<\/SPAN>)\uc758 \uc790\ub9ac\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc758 \uc9c1\ubd84\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.]<\/SPAN> \uc655\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac00\uc9c0<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ubb38\uc790\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \\’\uc62c\ub77c\uac00\ub2e4\\’, \uc989 \ub193\uc740 \uad8c\ub825\uc73c\ub85c. \uc720\ub300 \uc790\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ud56d\uc0c1 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc560\uad7d\uc73c\ub85c \\’\ub0b4\ub824\uac04\ub2e4\\’\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \uc774\uc640\uac19\uc774 \uc774 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uc804\ud600 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4\\’. \ucc38). (158).]<\/SPAN> \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc774 \ud45c\ud604\uc740 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc774 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc870\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uacfc \uc2dc\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud45c\ud604\uc778 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uac04\uccad\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \ud5c8\ub77d\ud558\uc790 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc131\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uac00 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc744 \uc18c\uc9d1\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0bc\ucd0c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c\uacb0\ucf54 \ub3d9\uc694\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub180\ub77c\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c\uace0 \ub2f9\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \ud3b8\ud558\uac8c \uac16\uace0\ubd88\uae38\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc758 \uc790\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uc655\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uac00\uc11c \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uacb0\ucf54 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc633\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud589\ub3d9\ub3c4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc124\ub4dd\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \ub73b\uc744 \ud45c\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc131\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\ub824\uc640 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc744 \uc815\uc911\ud558\uac8c \ub9de\uc544 \ub4e4\uc600\ub2e4. \uac13\ube44\uc2fc \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ub0a0 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ud638\ud654\uc2a4\ub7f0 \ub300\uc811\uc744 \ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uc2e0\ub3c4 \ub530\ub77c \uac00\uaca0\ub178\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub97c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub824\ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc774 \uadf8\ub97c \uaca9\ub824\ud558\uace0 \uc560\uad7d\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud574 \uc904 \uac83\uc744\ubd80\ud0c1\ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\ub4e0 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uc790, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1\ub354 \uc655\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc774 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc758 \uacf5\ud3c9\ubb34\uc0ac\ud568\uacfc<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud639\uc740 \\’\uc21c\uc9c4\ud568\\’.]<\/SPAN> \uace0\uc0c1\ud55c \uc131\uaca9\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \uac10\ub3d9\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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3. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud560 \ucc44\ube44\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\ub2e4<\/SPAN>
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  \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc740 \uc560\uad7d\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uc758 \uc624\ub9cc\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc694\uc149\uc774\ub780 \uc778\ubb3c\uc758 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uc131\ud488\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc655\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\uc640 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\uc790 \uc790\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc989 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud55c\ub300\ub85c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\ubcc0\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\uc2e0 <\ucc38). \uc8fc 199>\ub9cc\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0\uc704\uc9c1\uc5d0 \ubf51\ud614\ub2e4\uba74 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uae30\ub85d\ud588\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ud558\ud2bc \uc655 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uadf8\ub97c \uadf8\ub9cc\ud07c \uc778\uc815\ud588\uc5b4\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8c4\ub97c \uc0ac\ud574 \uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uac04\uccad\ud560  \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc774 \uc694\uc149\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uce6d\ucc2c\ud558\uc790, \uc655\uacfc \uc655\ud6c4 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\uac00 \uc544\ub974\uc2dc\ub178\uc5d0\uc600\ub358 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \ud544\ub85c\ud30c\ud1a0\ub974\uc758 \uc7ac\uc704\uc2f1 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc77c\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ubbff\ub294(\uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774\ub294 \uc544\ub2d8) \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\uc804 1 \\’ 2\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uc758 \uadfc\uac70 \ubb38\uc11c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uba87\uba87 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\ub140\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc84c\ub358 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\ub780 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0 \ub354 \uc815\ud1b5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc544\ub974\uc2dc\ub178\uc5d0 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc2e4\uc218\ub85c \uc790\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac04\ub2e4(\ubb3c\ub860 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\ub85c \uc544\ub974\uc2dc\ub178\uc5d0\ub97c \ub300\uc2e0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74). \ucc38). \ubd80\ub85d. Livy\ub294 xxvii. 4 : 10\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc2e4\uc218\ub97c \ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uadf8\uac00 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud638\uac10\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c<\/SPAN>[\u321c (\uc554\ubaac\uc778) \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc\uac00\ubb38\uacfc \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc6b0\uc815\uc740 \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c \uc2dc\uae30\ub85c \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 11\uad8c. 174(\ub290 4: 3).]<\/SPAN> \ubcf4\ub0b4 \ub3c8\uc744 \ube4c\ub824\uc624\ub3c4\ub85d \ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uc758\ubcf5,\uc74c\ub8cc\uc218\ubcd1, \uc9d0\uc2e3\ub294 \ub3d9\ubb3c \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc5ec\ud589\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uac83\ub4e4\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \uc900\ube44\ud55c \uc7a5\ube44\ub4e4\uc740 \uc57d 20,000\ub4dc\ub77c\ud06c\ub9c8<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc804\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \ubc30\uacbd\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc774\ub77c \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc694\uc149\uacfc \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4 \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \uc5b8\uae09\ub41c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c\uc640 \ub610\ud55c \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ucd1d\uc561\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc0c1 \ud5c8\uc704\uc131\uc774 \uac15\ud558\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc815\ub3c4\uc600\uc73c\uba70\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc900\ube44\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\ub294  \uacf5\uad50\ub86d\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc640 \ubca0\ub2c8\uac8c\uc758 \uac01 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\ub825\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \ud589\uc815\uc7a5\uad00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc655\uc774 \ub9e4\ub144 \uac01 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud314\uace4 \ud588\ub358 \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uad8c(tax-farmingright)\uc744 \uc785\ucc30\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uadf8 \uacf3\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \ub54c\uc640 \uc77c\uce58\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38). Rostovtzeff\uc758 \\’CAH\\’ 7 : 129\uc774\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \\’\ub0a9\uc138 \uc9d5\uc218 \uc815\ubd80\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc138\uae08\uc740 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uae34 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uaca8\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc81c\ub178\uc758 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub4e4(\ud2b9\ud788\\’P. Cairo Zen.\\’59037)\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb38\uc11c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc785\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4.\\’ \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc560\uad7d\uc758 \uc870\uc138 \uccb4\uc81c\ub294 C. Preaux\uc758 \\’L Economie royale des Lagides\\’, 1939, pp. 61-435\uc5d0 \uc798 \uae30\uc220\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \ub3c4\uc911\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uacfc \ub9c8\uc8fc\uce58\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc694\uc149\uc758 \uac00\ub09c\ud558\uace0 \ucd08\ub77c\ud55c \ud589\uc0c9\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \uadf8\ub97c \ube44\uc6c3\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c, \uadf8\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc774 \uba64\ud53c\uc2a4(Me-mphis)\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uace7 \uba64\ud53c\uc2a4\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \uc655\uc744 \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc774 \uc57d\uac04 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud568.]<\/SPAN> \uc655\uc740 \uc655\ud6c4\uc640 \uce5c\uad6c \uc544\ub370\ub2c8\uc628(Athenion)\uacfc \ud568\uaed8\uc804\ucc28(\u6230\u8eca)\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc544\ub370\ub2c8\uc628\uc740 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc744\ub54c, \ub9d0\uc500\ub4dc\ub9b0 \ubc14 \uc788\ub358 \uadf8 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\ud3c9\ubb34\uc0ac\ud55c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud639\uc740 \\’\uc57c\ub9dd\uc774 \uc788\ub294\\’.]<\/SPAN> \uc80a\uc740\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc655\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uc0ac\ub97c \uccad\ud558\uace0<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc989 \\’\uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc778\uc0ac\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\\’. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 11\uad8c. 331, \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354\ub300\uc81c\uac00 \uc720\ub300\uc758 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5 \uc57c\ub450\uc544(Jaddua)\uc5d0\uac8c \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc608\uc6b0\ub97c \ud568.]<\/SPAN> \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc804\ucc28\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uc624\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc88c\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc549\uc790, \uc655\uc740 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \\’\uadf8\uc758 \ub098\uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc544 \uadf8\ub97c \uc6a9\uc11c\ud558\uc2dc\uae30 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c (44, 157)\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub294 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uac00 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud478\uc2a4\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc758\uc778 \uc2dc\ubaac\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc0bc\ucd0c\uc5d8\ub974\uc544\uc0b4\uc774 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud478\uc2a4 \uc7ac\uc704\uc2dc \uc5bc\ub9c8\uac04 \uc2dc\ubaac\uc744 \uacc4\uc2b9\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \uc544\uc774\uc600\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc18c 70\uc0b4\uc774\uc5c8\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4\uac00 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c \ud55c\ub54c(154)\uc778 \uc8fc\uc804 193(192)\ub144 \ud6c4\ub77c\uace0 \ucd94\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uac00 \uc758\uc778 \uc2dc\ubaac\uc744 \ub108\ubb34 \uc774\ub978 \uc8fc\uc804 3\uc138\uae30 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \uc2e4\uc218\ub97c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub294 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud55c \uc774 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\ub97c \ub178\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294\ub370\ub294 \uc77c\uad00\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc38). \ubd80\ub85d.]<\/SPAN> \ud3d0\ud558\uaed8\uc11c\ub294 \ub178\uc778\uacfc \uc720\uc544\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc801 \uc218\uc900\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc798 \uc54c\uace0 \uacc4\uc2e4 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc80a\uc740 \uc800\ud76c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc2e4\uc218 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud3d0\ud558\uaed8\uc11c \uc6d0\ud558\uc2dc\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’ \uc694\uc149\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc7ac\uce58\uc640 \ub9e4\ub825\uc5d0 \ub04c\ub824 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \uadf8\uac00 \uc624\ub79c \uce5c\uad6c\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uce5c\uadfc\uac10\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc655\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc744 \uc655\uad81\uc758 \uc219\uc18c\ub85c \ub370\ub824\uac00, \ub9e4\uc77c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc735\uc22d\ud558\uac8c \ub300\uc811\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc655\uc774 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc744 \ub54c \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc720\ub825\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc655\uc758 \uc606\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubd88\ucf8c\ud55c \uac10\uc815\uc744 \ud488\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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  \uac01 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uad8c\uc744 \ub9e4\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ub0a0\uc774 \ub418\uc790, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38). \uc8fc 190.]<\/SPAN> \uc628 \uc720\ub825\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc785\ucc30\uc744 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc640<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud2b8\ub79c\uc2a4\uc694\ub974\ub2e8\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub428. \ucc38). (154) \uac01\uc8fc 186, (224).]<\/SPAN> \ubca0\ub2c8\uac8c, \uc720\ub300\uc9c0\ubc29\uacfc \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc138\uae08 \ud569\uacc4\uac00 8,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ubcf4\uc544\uc654\ub358 \uc138\uae08\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4\uc11c \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucd1d\uc561\uc778 \uac83\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \ucc38). Buche-Leclercq, 3 : 401. \uc81c\ub86c\uc740 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud478\uc2a4 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc560\uad7d \uc790\uccb4\ub9cc\uc758 \uc138\uae08\uc774 14,800\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud5e4\ub85c\ub3c4\ud22c\uc2a4 3 :91\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\ub9ac\uc6b0\uc2a4\uac00 \ubca0\ub2c8\uac8c, \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f4, \uad6c\ube0c\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uac77\uc740 \uc138\uae08\uc774 350\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud0a4\ucf00\ub85c\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc544\uc6b8\ub808\ud14c\uc2a4(Ptolemy Auletes)\uc758 \ucd1d \uc138\uae08\uc744 12, 500\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ucc38). \ub9c8\ubc14\ube44\uc774\uc11c 4 : 8 \uc774\ud558.]<\/SPAN>\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uc790, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc785\ucc30\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0ae\uc740 \uc138\uae08\uc561\uc218\ub97c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ub2f4\ud569\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\ub450\ubc30\ub97c \uc8fc\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uc77c\uc744 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud0dc\ub9cc\ud788 \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc740 \uc655\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc608\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0a4\uaca0\ub178\ub77c\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\ub2f9\uc2dc \uc785\ucc30\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uad8c\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uad8c\ud55c\ub3c4 \ub9e4\ub9e4\ub418\uc5c7\ub358<\/SPAN>[\u321c \u7570\u6587\uc740 \\’\uadf8\uac00(\uc655\uc774)\ud314\uc558\ub358.\\’]<\/SPAN>\uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc655\uc740 \uae30\ubed0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774\ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \\’\uc694\uc149\uc774 \ub098\uc758 \uc138\uc785\uc744 \uc99d\uac00\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc904 \uc0ac\ub78c \uac19\uc73c\ub2c8 \ub098\ub294\uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uad8c\uc744 \ud314\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub178\ub77c.\\’ \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0\ub294 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uc99d\uc744 \uc11c \uc904 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uac00\ub97c \ubb3c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \ub300\ub2f5\ud588\ub2e4. \\’\uadf8\ub807\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\ud558\uaed8\uc11c \uc804\ud600 \ubd88\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uc131\ud488\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc778\ubb3c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uc6b0\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’ \uc655\uc774 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub204\uad6c\ub0d0\uace0 \ubb3b\uc790 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \\’\ud3d0\ud558\uc5ec! \ud3d0\ud558 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uc655\ud6c4\ub97c \ub098\uc758 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\ucc9c\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\ud558\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \ubcf4\uc99d\uc778\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc775\uc0b4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 Holleaux\uac00 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uac8c \uc124\uba85\ud588\ub2e4. \ucc38). (155) \uc8fc 189.]<\/SPAN> \uc774\uc5d0 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \uc6c3\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc778\ub3c4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uad8c\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc655\uc758 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc870\uce58\uc5d0 \uac01 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc560\uad7d\uc73c\ub85c \uac14\ub358 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud070 \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\uc798 \uac83 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uae68\ub2ec\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ub9dd\ud55c \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc548\uace0 \ub3cc\uc544\uac14\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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5. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud0c0\uc778 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubb34\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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  \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uac01 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ubaa8\uc695\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubb34\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc555\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uccad\ud558\uc5ec 2,000\uba85\uc758<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ubcf8\uc5d0\ub294 1,000\ub2c8\uc774\uc81c(Niese)\uac00 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub300\ub85c \ub9c8\ubcd1\uc758 \uc218\ub294 \uc6d0\ub798 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud788 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \ube60\uc84c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \ubcf4\ubcd1\uc744 \uc9c0\uc6d0\ubc1b\uc740\ud6c4, \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc655\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 500\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub97c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38). \uc8fc 208.]<\/SPAN> \ube4c\ub824 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc544\uc2a4\uae00\ub860(Ascalon)\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce60 \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ubc14\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824 \ud588\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uadf8\ub97c \ubaa8\uc695\ud558\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc8fc\ub3d9\uc790\uae09<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ubcf8\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\ub825\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\\’.]<\/SPAN> \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57d 20\uc5ec\uba85\uc744 \uccb4\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \uc804\ubaa8\ub97c \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\ub294 \uc694\uc149\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud22c\ucca0\ud55c \uc0ac\uba85\uc758\uc2dd\uacfc \ud604\uba85\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uce58\ud558\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc18c\uc2e0\uaecf \uc77c\ud574\uc904 \uac83\uc744 \ubd80\ud0c1\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uacbd\uc545\uc744\uae08\uce58 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc544\uc2a4\uae00\ub860\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud559\uc0b4\uc774 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubcf5\uc885\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \ud55c  \uc608(\uf9b5)\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud55c \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc131\ubb38\uc744 \ud65c\uc9dd \uc5f4\uc5b4 \uc694\uc149\uc744 \ub9de\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc2a4\uad6c\ub3c4\ubcfc\ub9ac(Schthopo-lis)\uc758<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 5\uad8c. (83) \uc8fc 58.]<\/SPAN> \uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc694\uc149\uc744 \ubaa8\uc695\ud558\uace0, \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubc14\ucce4\ub358\uc870\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ub9cc\uc7a5\uc77c\uce58\ub85c \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc544\uc2a4\uae00\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc8fc\ub3d9\uc790\uae09\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0ac\ud615\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744\uad6d\uace0\uc5d0 \uadc0\uc18d\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ub3c8\uc744 \uc9d5\uc218\ud558\uace0\uc138\uae08\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc5b4 \ub4e4\uc784\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c\uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubcf8 \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubd80(\u5bcc)\ub97c , \uadf8\uac00 \uc9c0\uae08 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad8c\ub825\uc744 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc7ac\ub825\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c\ud589\uc6b4\uc744 \uac00\uc838\ub2e4 \uc900 \uad8c\ub825\uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ubcf4\uc874\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc804\ub150\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub294 \uc740\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \uc655\uacfc \uc655\ud6c4 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c, \uc655\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \uad81\uc911\uc758 \uc138\ub825\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc14\uccd0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud658\uc2ec\uc744 \uc0ac\ub824\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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 6. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc544\ub4e4 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub97c \uc5bb\uac8c \ub41c \uacbd\uc704<\/SPAN>
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  \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud589\uc6b4\uc744 20\uc5ec\ub144\uac04 \ub204\ub838\uc73c\uba70, \ud55c \uc544\ub0b4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc77c\uacf1\uba85\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b3\uc558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uc758 \ud615 \uc194\ub9ac\ubbf8\uc6b0\uc2a4(Solymius)\uc758 \ub538\uacfc \uacb0\ud63c\ud558\uc5ec \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4(Hyrcanus)\ub77c\ub294 \uc544\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \ud615\uc758 \ub538\uacfc \uacb0\ud63c\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uacbd\uc704\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. \uc804\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ud615\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uac04 \uc801\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uadf8\uc758 \ud615\uc740 \ub538\uc744 \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc758 \uadc0\uc871\uce35\uacfc \ud63c\uc778\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud568\uaed8 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uac14\ub2e4.\uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc655\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2dd\uc0ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c \ud55c \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \ubb34\ud76c\uac00 \uc5f0\ud68c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uc790, \uadf8\ub294 \uace7 \uc774 \uc5ec\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc18\ud574 \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ud615\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ubc29 \uc5ec\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc728\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uae08\uc9c0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc8c4\ub97c \uac10\ucd94\uc5b4\uc8fc\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc695\ub9dd\uc744 \ub9cc\uc871\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3c4\uc640 \uc904 \uac83\uc744 \ubd80\ud0c1\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc758 \ud615\uc740 \uae30\uaebc\uc774 \ub3c4\uc640 \uc8fc\uaca0\ub178\ub77c\uace0 \ub300\ub2f5\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub538\uc744 \uc544\ub984\ub2f5\uac8c \uce58\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \ubc24\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub3d9\uce68\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc220\uc5d0 \ucde8\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc77c\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub294\uac00\ub97c \uc804\ud600 \uc54c\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ud615\uc758 \ub538\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc77c\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec\ubc88 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc790, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ud615\uc758 \ub538\uc744 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud615\uc5d0\uac8c \uc655\uc774 \uc544\ub9c8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uadf8 \uc5ec\uc790\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud5c8\ub77d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744\uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uc77c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc0dd\uba85\uc774 \uc704\ud5d8\ud558\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\uc758 \ud615 \uc194\ub9ac\ubbf8\uc6b0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc544\ubb34 \uac71\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0 \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\uc778\uacfc \uacc4\uc18d \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc544\ub0b4\ub85c \ub9de\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\ucd08\uc9c0\uc885\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uc5ec \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ubd80\ub3c4\ub355\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ucc28\ub77c\ub9ac \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub538\uc774 \uadf8 \uba4d\uc5d0\ub97c \ub300\uc2e0 \uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc704\ub97c \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc77c\ub7ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ud615 \uc194\ub9ac\ubbf8\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc758 \uc6b0\uc560\ub97c \uce58\ud558\ud55c \ud6c4\uc5d0,\uadf8\uc758 \ub538\uacfc \ud63c\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc55e\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub77c\ub294 \uc544\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b3\uc558\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38) (186).]<\/SPAN> \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 13\uc0b4\uc758 \uc5b4\ub9b0 \ub098\uc774\uc5d0 \ud0c0\uace0\ub09c \uc6a9\ub9f9\uc131\uacfc \ucd1d\uba85\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c8\ud22c\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c Sillrich\ub294 \\’JG\\’ p.93\uc774\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc80a\uc740 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub294 \\’\ub300\ub2f4\ud558\uace0 \uc870\uc219\ud55c \uc9c0\uc131\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\\’\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uce6d\ucc2c\ud558\ub294 \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc758 \ud55c \uc608\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\ub97c \uc80a\uc740 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc5d8, \uc80a\uc740 \ub2e4\uc717, \uc80a\uc740 \ub2e4\ub2c8\uc5d8, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud55c\ub2e4 <\ucc38). \uc790\uc11c. (7) \uc774\ud558.> \uadf8 \uc124\uba85\uc5d0 \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \ub354 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc131\uacbd\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub97c \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \ub77c\ubc18\uc774 \uc57c\uacf1\uc5d0\uac8c \ud589\ud55c \uae30\ub9cc\uc774\ub098 \uc694\uc149 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30, \ubc14\ub85c\uac00 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900 \ud638\uc758 \uac19\uc740 \uac83\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc640 \ub9c8\uce74\ube44\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5 \uc57c\uc190\uacfc \uba54\ub12c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\ub41c \uc774\uc57c\uae30 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubcd1\ud589 \ubd80\ubd84\ub4e4\uc744 \ucd94\uc801\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \\’\ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ub9c8\uce74\ube44\uc774\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uba54\ub12c\ub77c\uc6b0\uc2a4\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc57c\uc190\uc744 \ub9c8\uc74c\ub300\ub85c \uac1c\uc791(Umgestaltung)\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4\\’\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \ud5c8\uad6c\uc784\uc744 \uc758\uc2ec\ud560 \ubc14 \uc5c6\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ub204\uac00 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub355\uc131\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uc778\ubb3c\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \uc54c\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc28\ub840\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc2a4\uc2b9\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud55c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac8c\uc73c\ub974\uace0 \ud559\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc2eb\uc99d\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub9ac\uc11d\uace0 \ubb34\uc2dd\ud55c \uc778\ubb3c\ub85c \ub418\ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ub9c9\ub0b4\uc544\ub4e4 \ud790\uce74\ud22c\uc2a4\ub97c \uc774\ud2c0 \uac00\uc57c \ud560 \uac70\ub9ac \uc815\ub3c4 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uad11\uc57c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4 300\uc30d\uc758 \ud669\uc18c\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5b4 \ubc2d\uc744 \uac08\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uba4d\uc5d0\uc904(yoke-straps)\uc740 \uac10\ucd94\uace0 \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uba4d\uc5d0\uc904\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uad11\uc57c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c \uba87 \uba85\uc744 \ub418\ub3cc\ub824 \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uba4d\uc5d0\uc904\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc624\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\ubab0\uc774\uafbc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc870\uc5b8\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub294\ub370 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub0ad\ube44\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ub300\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uacbd\ud5d8\ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ucc98\ub7fc \uc88b\uc740 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ub0b4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 10\uc30d\uc758 \ud669\uc18c\ub97c \uc7a1\uc544 \uace0\uae30\ub294 \uc778\ubd80\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc900 \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uac00\uc8fd\uc744 \uc798\ub77c \uba4d\uc5d0\ub97c \uace0\uc815\uc2dc\ud0ac\uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub048\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uacbd\uc791\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c \ubc2d\uc744 \uc77c\uad70 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc9d1\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac00 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790,\uc694\uc149\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \ucd1d\uba85\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uae30\ubed0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \ubbfc\ucca9\ud55c \ub450\ub1cc\ud68c\uc804\uacfc \uadf8 \ub300\ub2f4\uc131\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \uce58\ud558\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub9cc\uc744 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uce5c\uc790\uc2dd\uc778 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0ac\ub791\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ubab9\uc2dc \ubabb\ub9c8\ub545\ud558\uac8c \uc5ec\uacbc\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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 7. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc544\ub4e4\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc744 \ucd95\ud558\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\ub2e4<\/SPAN>
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  \uc774 \ubb34\ub835 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc655\uc774 \uc544\ub4e4\uc744<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ud14c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc7a5\ub0a8\uc778 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \ud544\ub85c\uba54\ud1a0\ub974(Ptolemy Philometor)\ub294 \uc8fc\uc804 187(186)\ub144\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ucc28\ub0a8\uc774 sxhffpal \uc720\uc5d0\ub974\uac8c\ud14c\uc2a4 \u2161\uc138(Physcoh)\ub294 \uc8fc\uc804 185\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc5b8\uc820\uac00\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ucc38). \ubca0\ubc18\uc758 \\’A History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynaty\\’, 1927, pp.282-285.]<\/SPAN> \ub0b3\uc544 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc720\ub825\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc774 \uc655\uc790\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc744 \ucd95\ud558\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \ubaa8\uc5ec\ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub098\uc774\uac00 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc544 \uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc11c \ub300\uc2e0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \ub204\uad74 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0bc \uac83\uc778\uac00\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uace0\ub300. 12\uad8c. 4 : 2(160)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\ub294 \uc694\uc138\uc774 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c\ud55c \ud6c4 (\uc57d \uc8fc\uc804 193\ub144) \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \uc138\uae08 \uc9d5\uc218\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc744\ub54c \\’\uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc80a\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\\’\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \uc544\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b3\uc558\uc744 \ub54c \uc694\uc149\uc774 \\’\uadf8\uc758 \ub098\uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4\\’\uac70\ub098 \uc678\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub098\uac08 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub098\uc774\uac00 \ub4e0 \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc131\ub9bd\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc774 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc5d0\ud53c\ud30c\ub124\uc2a4 \uc7ac\uc704\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uc758 \uae30\ub85d\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc57c\uae30\ub41c \uba87 \uba85 \ub09c\ud574\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud615\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ubaa8\uc784\uc5d0 \uac00\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub108\ubb34 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uba74\uc11c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uace0\ub300 \uc0ac\ubcf8(\ubd80\ub85d\uc5d0 \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c  \uc791\ud488\ub4e4)\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc874\ub518 \uc774\uc804\uc758\ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc\uc640 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud478\uc2a4\uc640\uc758 \uc11c\uc2e0 \uad50\ud658\uc744 \uc5b8\uae09\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc554\ubaac\uc778 \uc6b0\ub450\uba38\ub9ac\uac00 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \uac70\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc900\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc0ac\uc591\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\ub300\uc2e0 \ub9c9\ub0b4\ub3d9\uc0dd \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c4\uc5b8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.\uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \uae30\uc058\uac8c \ub4e3\uace0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub97c \ubd88\ub7ec \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uac08 \uc218\uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubb3c\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \uac80\uc18c\ud558\uac8c \uc0b4\uc544\uc654\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\ubc88 \uc5ec\ud589\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \ub3c8\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba74\uc11c,10,000\ub4dc\ub77c\ud06c\ub9c8\ub9cc \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uac00\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uadf8\uc758\uac80\uc18c\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uae30\ubed0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc7a0\uc2dc \ud6c4 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc694\uc149\uc5d0\uac8c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ub4dc\ub9b4 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 12\uad8c. 4 :9(222).]<\/SPAN> \uac00\uc838 \uac08 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9d1\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc790 \uc544\ub984\ub2f5\uace0 \uc815\uc131\uc774 \uae43\ub4e0 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc0b4 \ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \ub3c8\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc88b\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc81c\uc548\uc744 \uce6d\ucc2c\ud558\uace0 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc14\uce60 \uc120\ubb3c\ube44\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c 10\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uba74 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 3,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uace0\ub300. 12\uad8c. 4: 4(176). \uc694\uc149(Joseph)\uc740 \ucf54\uc5d8\ub808\uc218\ub9ac\uc544(Coele-Syria)\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \uc870\uc138 \uc9d5\uc218 \ub3c4\uae09\uad8c\uc744 \ub530\ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc5d0\uac8c 9,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uc758 \ub450\ubc30\uc778 16,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub97c \uc9c0\ubd88\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c 3,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub294 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \uc218\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \uadf8\uc758 \uc218\uc775\uae08\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\uac8c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838\uc11c\ub294 \uc548\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubcf4\uc544\uc654\ub4ef\uc774 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30(Tobiad story)\uc911 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ud5c8\uad6c\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc774\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uc9d1\uc0ac \uc544\ub9ac\uc628((Arion)\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uac70\ub450\uc5b4 \ub4e4\uc778\ub3c8\uc744 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uace4 \ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \ub0a0\uc774 \ub2e4\uac00\uc624\uba74, \uc885\uc885 \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uc870\uacf5\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uace0\uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\uac00 \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc790 \uadf8\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc655\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub97c \uc8fd\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubaa8\ud568\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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8. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \uc9d1\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc8c\ud558\ub2e4<\/SPAN>
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  \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub4dc\ub9ac\uc544\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc790 \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uba87 \ub2e4\ub780\ud2b8\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub294\ub0d0\uace0 \ubb3c\uc5c8\ub2e4.\uadf8\ub294 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 10\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub098 \uadf8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc870\uae08 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc561\uc218\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 1,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc790, \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc740 \ud654\ub97c \ub0b4\uba74\uc11c \uadf8\uac00 \ubc29\ud0d5\ud55c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uac00 \uace0\ub41c \uc77c\uacfc \uc695\ub9dd\uc744 \uc5b5\uc81c\ud574 \uac00\uba74\uc11c \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \ucd95\uc801\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub9d0\ud574 \uc8fc\uba74\uc11c \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc744 \ubcf8\ubc1b\uc73c\ub77c\uace0 \ucda9\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc14\uce60 \uc120\ubb3c\ube44\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c 10\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8  \uc774\uc0c1\uc740 \uc904 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \ubd84\ub178\ud558\uc5ec \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc744 \uac10\uc625\uac8c \uc9d1\uc5b4 \ub123\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\ub9ac\uace0 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub97c \uafb8\uc9d6\uc5b4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uace0 \uac04\uccad\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ub0a8\ud3b8\uc744 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc874\uacbd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \uc774 \uc77c\uc744 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc740 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uac00 \uadf8\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc9d1\uc0ac\ub97c \ud22c\uc625\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub180\ub790\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc655\uc740 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uc2e0 \uc55e\uc5d0 \ub098\uc544\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud574\uba85\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc655\uc774 \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \\’\uc720\ub300 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc131\uc804\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub77c\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uaed8 \uc81c\uc0ac\uc9c0\ub0b4\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc744 \ucd95\ud558\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \uae08\ud558\ub294 \uc728\ubc95\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c <\/SPAN>gennhqevnta<\/SPAN>,\\’\ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc544\uc774\\’ \ud639\uc740 \\’\uc0ac\ub0b4 \uc544\uc774\\’\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud5c8\uc6cc\ub4e0(Herwerden)\uc758 \uc218\uc815, <\/SPAN>geneqliavxonta,<\/SPAN> \uc989 \\’\uc0dd\uc77c\uc744 \ucd95\ud558\ud558\ub7ec \uc628 \uc0ac\ub78c\\’\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uba74 \\’\uadf8\uc758(\uadf8 \uc544\uc774\uc758) \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uac00 \uc131\uc804\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\\’\ub77c\uace0 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4(Hyrcanus)\ub294, \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uac00 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc728\ubc95\uc774 \uc720\ub300\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc774\ubc29\uc2e0\uc804 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc0ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uad50\ub3c4 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubbff\uc73c\ub9ac\ub77c\uace0 \uae30\ub300\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc81c\uac00 \uc655\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544 \ubd59\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc81c\ubd80\uce5c\uc758 \uc740\uc778\uc774\uc168\ub358 \uc655\uaed8 \ub4dc\ub9b4 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \ub300\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc800\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\uc21c\uc885\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc9d5\ubc8c\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc778\uc774 \ubcf4\uc798\uac83 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub4e0, \uc704\ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub4e0 \uac04\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc800\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc77c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \ud3d0\ud558\ub3c4 \ud3d0\ud558\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubaa8\uc695\uc744 \ub2f9\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’ \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \uc655\uc740 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \ud30c\uc548\ub300\uc18c\ud558\uba70 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \ucd1d\uba85\ud568\uc744 \uce6d\ucc2c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>
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 9. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc870\ub871\ubc1b\ub2e4<\/SPAN>
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  \uc544\ub9ac\uc628\uc740 \uc655\uc758 \uc758\uc911\uc744 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ub3c4\uc6b8 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc544\ubb34\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \uae68\ub2eb\uace0 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c 1,000\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\ub97c \uc8fc\uace0 \ud480\ub824 \ub098\uc654\ub2e4. 3\uc77c\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c \ud6c4, \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\uc655 \ubd80\ubd80\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb38\uc548\ub4dc\ub9ac\uae30\uc704\ud574 \uc62c\ub77c\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub97c \uae30\uc058\uac8c \ub9de\uc774\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70,  \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c\uc744 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \ub9c8\uce58 \uce5c\uad6c\ucc98\ub7fc \ub300\uc811\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \ubab0\ub798 \ub178\uc608\uc0c1\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2e4\uac00\uac00\uc11c \uc798 \uad50\uc721\ubc1b\uc740 \uc80a\uc740 \uc18c\ub144 \ub178\uc608 100\uba85\uacfc \ucc98\ub140 100\uba85\uc744 1\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uc529 \uc8fc\uace0 \uc0c0\ub2e4. \ud55c\ubc88\uc740 \uadf8\uac00 \uadf8 \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc720\ub825\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc655\uc758 \uc2dd\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ucd08\ub300\ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc774\uac00 \uc5b4\ub838\ub358 \uadf8\ub294 \uc11c\uc5f4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc88c\uc11d\uc774 \ubc30\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc758 \uc81c\uc77c \ub05d\uc5d0 \uc549\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc5d0 \uc54a\uc544\uc788\ub358 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uba39\uc740 \uace0\uae30\ubf08\ub97c \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4 \uc55e\uc5d0 \uc313\uc544 \ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\uc758 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc774 \ubf08\ub85c \uac00\ub4dd \ub36e\ud788\uc790, \uc7ac\ub2f4\uac00\uc774\uc790 \uc8fc\uc5f0(\u9152\u5bb4)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0a8 \uc6c3\uae30\uae30 \uc798\ud558\ub294 \ud2b8\ub9ac\ud3f0(Tryphon)\uc774 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uad8c\uc720\ub85c \uc655\uc55e\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \\’\ud3d0\ud558! \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4 \uc55e\uc5d0 \uc313\uc778 \ubf08\ub4e4\uc774 \ubcf4\uc774\uc2ed\ub2c8\uae4c\\’ \ud3d0\ud558\uac00 \ubcf4\uace0 \uacc4\uc2e0 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uace0\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 \ubf08\ub9cc \uc559\uc0c1\ud558\uac8c \ub0a8\uaca8\ub193\uc740 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ucc29\ucde8\ud574 \uac14\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’ \uc655\uc740 \ud2b8\ub9ac\ud3f0\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc6c3\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc65c \uc55e\uc5d0  \ubf08\uac00 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc788\ub290\ub0d0\uace0 \ubb3c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uae30\ub97c \\’\ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uc77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\ud558! \uac1c\ub4e4\uc740 \uace0\uae30\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ubf08\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubabd\ub545 \uba39\uc5b4 \uce58\uc6c1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce58 \uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub7ac\ub358 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9d0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2dd\ud0c1\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uc88c\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc549\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\uc544\ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.\\’\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uace0\uae30\ub9cc \uba39\uace0 \ubf08\ub294 \ubc84\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc778 \uc81c \uc55e\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9ce\uc740 \ubf08\uac00 \uc313\uc5ec \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\\’ \uc774\uc5d0 \uc655\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \uadf8\uc758 \uc7ac\uce58\uc788\ub294 \ub300\ub2f5\uc5d0 \ud0c4\ubcf5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc88c\uc911\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uac08\ucc44\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0bc \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\ubaa8\ub450\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc15\uc218\ub97c \uce58\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc9c0\ud61c(wit)\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\ub839\ud588\ub2e4\\’\ub77c\uace0 \ub098\uc640 \uc788\ub2e4. \ube44\uc2b7\ud658 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \ud5e4\ub85c\ub3c4\ud22c\uc2a4 3 : 32\uc5d0 \ub098\uc628\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc655\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \uad81\uc815\uc758 \uc138\ub825\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uc5ec \ubb38\uc548\ud55c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc778\uc774 \uc655\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc120\ubb3c\ub85c \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uc600\ub294\uac00\ub97c \ubb3c\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uc790 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 10\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uace0, \uc11c\uc5f4\uc774 \ub192\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\uc778\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 5\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ub0bc \uc218 \uc5c6\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud070\uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ub4dc\ub9b4 \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc2ac\ud508 \ud45c\uc815\uc744 \uc9c0\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc885\ub4e4\uc740 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc8fc\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc8fc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc801\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0 \uc655\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uace0 \uc2e0\uc784\uc744 \uc783\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ub450 \uae30\ubed0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc655\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\uc77c\uc774 \ub418\uc790, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc655\uaed8 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc14\ucce4\ub294\ub370 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubc14\ucce4\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub3c4 20\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ub118\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098\ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub450\uc5c8\ub358 \uc18c\ub144, \uc18c\ub140 100\uba85\uc529\uc758 \ub178\uc608\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c 1\ub2ec\ub780\ud2b8\uc529 \uc8fc\uc5b4 \uc18c\ub144\ub4e4\uc740 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc18c\ub140\ub4e4\uc740 \ud074\ub808\uc624\ud30c\ud2b8\ub77c\uc5d0\uac8c \uac01\uac01 \ubc14\uce58\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc5c4\uccad\ub09c \uc591\uc758 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\uc790, \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8 \ubd80\ubd80\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ub978 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uae5c\uc9dd\ub180\ub790\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc655\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8 \uce21\uadfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc591\uc758 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \ud615\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4 \uadf8\ub97c \uc8fd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\ub294 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\ub2f4\ud568\uc5d0 \uac10\ud0c4\ud558\uba74\uc11c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\uc6b0\ub8b0\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud658\ud638, \ud658\uc601\\’\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc640 \uc788\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294\uac00\uace0 \ubb3c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub294 \uc655\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc640 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc368 \uc900\ub2e4\uba74 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ubc14\ub784\uac83\uc774 \uc5c6\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ub300\ub2f5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc655\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc758(\u8b1d\u610f)\ub97c \ud45c\ud558\uace0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc120\ubb3c\uc744 \uc900 \ud6c4\uc5d0, \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c\uacfc \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc871\uc7a5(all governors and administrators)\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc368\uc11c \ub3cc\ub824 \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uac00 \uc655\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc120\ubb3c\uacfc \uc735\uc22d\ud55c \ub300\uc811\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ub3cc\uc544\uc628\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0  \uadf8\ub97c \uc8fd\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9c8\uc911\ub098\uac14\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc694\uc149\uc740 \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uac00 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc740 \ube44\uc6a9\uc744 \uc120\ubb3c\ube44\ub85c \ud0d5\uc9c4\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud654\uac00 \ub098 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc544\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb34\uc0ac\ud568\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc804\ud600 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc694\uc149\uc740 \uc655\uc758 \uc9c4\ub178\ub97c \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubd84\ub178\ub97c \uac10\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c A. Tscherikower\ub294 \\’\uc720\ub300\uc778\uacfc \ud5ec\ub77c\uc778\\'(Jews and Greeks), 1930\ub144\ub3c4 \ud310, p.175\uc774\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\uc758 \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \uc801\ub300\uac10\uacfc \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4 \ud615\uc81c\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c4\uc9dc \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uadf8 \uc80a\uc740\uc774\uac00 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uacc4\uc2b9\ud558\uace0 \ud1a8\ub808\ubbf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\ubbf8 \uadf8 \uc815\ud45c(perquisite)\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc124\ub4e4\ub825\uc788\uac8c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \ud615\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2f8\uc6c0\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc790, \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \ud615 2\uba85\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\ud558\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud574\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc5d0\uac8c\ub85c \ud53c\uc2e0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\ub294 \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \uc785\uc131\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc544\ubb34\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub97c \ud658\uc601\ud574 \uc8fc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub450\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \ub290\ub080 \uadf8\ub294 \uc694\ub2e8\uac15\uc744 \uac74\ub108\uac00 \uadf8 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc57c\ub9cc\uc778\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc138\uae08\uc744 \uc9d5\uc218\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38). (229).]<\/SPAN>
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10. \uc138\uae08\uc9d5\uc218\uc778 \uc694\uc149\uc758 \uc8fd\uc74c<\/SPAN>
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  <\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ub2e8\ub77d(223-236)<\ubab0\ub860(225-227)\uc758 \\’\uc2a4\ud30c\ub974\ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \ud3b8\uc9c0\\'(Spartan letter)\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0>\uc740 \ud1a0\ube44\uc544\ub4dc \uc774\uc57c\uae30(Tobiad story)\uc758 \uc120\ud589 \ub2e8\ub77d\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc\uc640 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc790\ub8cc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubf51\uc544\ub0c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uacac\ud574\uac00 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN>
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\n

  \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc544\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uc548\ud2f0\uc624\ucfe0\uc2a4 \ub300\uc655\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc778 \uc18c\ud14c\ub974(Soter) \uc140\ub958\ucfe0\uc2a4(Seleucus)\uac00<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc140\ub958\ucfe0\uc2a4 \u2163\uc138 (\uc8fc\uc804 185-175)\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc740 \ud544\ub85c\ud30c\ud1a0\ub974(Philopator)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc18c\ud14c\ub974(Soter)\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc0bc\ucd0c \uc140\ub958\ucfe0\uc2a4 \u2162\uc138(\uc8fc\uc804 226-223)\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c <\/SPAN>ejbasivleuse<\/SPAN>\ub294 \ub3d9\uc791\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\uacfc\uac70(inceptive aorist)\uc774\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc774\uc640 \ub54c\ub97c \uac19\uc774\ud558\uc5ec \ud790\uce74\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \uc694\uc149\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uace0\uacb0\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ub9ac\uc544\uc640 \ubca0\ub2c8\uac8c, \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub4f1\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\uae08\uc744 \uc9d5\uc218\ud558\uc5ec 22\ub144\ub3d9\uc548 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uac00\ub09c\uacfc \uad81\ud54d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad6c\uc81c\ud574 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub358 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ucc38). (175), \\’\ucf54\uc5d8\ub808 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544, \ubca0\ub2c8\uac8c, \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc720\ub2e4\uc758 \uc138\uae08\\’.]<\/SPAN> \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\ucd0c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc9c1\uc744 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc2dc\ubaac\uc5d0\uac8c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc2dc\ubaac \u2161\uc138.]<\/SPAN> \ubb3c\ub824\uc8fc\uace0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubaac\uc774 \uc8fd\uc790 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uac00<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4 \u2162\uc138. \ucc38). \ubd80\ub85d.]<\/SPAN> \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc9c1\uc744 \uacc4\uc2b9\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub54c \ub77c\ucf00\ub2e4\uc774\ubaa8\ub2c8\uc544\uc758 \uc655\uc544\ub808\uc774\uc624\uc2a4(Lacedaemonian king Areios)\uac00 \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c (\ub9c8\uce74\ube44 \uc77c\uc11c 12 : 20\uc774\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uace0(167)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub2c8) \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubb38\ud5cc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubd80\ub85d\uc744 \ubcf4\ub77c.]<\/SPAN> \\’\ub77c\ucf00\ub2e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ub2c8\uc544(Lacedaemonia)\uc758 \uc655<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub9c8\uce74\ube44 1\uc11c\uc5d0\ub294 \\’\uc2a4\ud30c\ub974\ud0c0\uc778\uc758\\'(\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc758 \ub9c8\uce74\ube44 1\uc11c \ubcf8\ubb38\uc774 \uc6d0\ub798 \ud5ec\ub77c\uc5b4\uc778\ub370 \ud788\ube0c\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud588\ub2e4\uac00 \ud5ec\ub77c\uc5b4\ub85c \uc7ac\ubc88\uc5ed\ud55c \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4).]<\/SPAN> \uc544\ub808\uc774\uc624\uc2a4(Areios)\uac00<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc544\ub808\uc6b0\uc2a4(Areus)\uac00 \uc880\ub354 \uc815\ud655\ud558\ub2e4<\uba87\uba87 \uc0ac\ubcf8\ub4e4\uacfc \uace0\ub300. (167)\uc5d0\uc11c\ucc98\ub7fc>. \uc774 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc2a4\ud30c\ub974\ud0c0 \uc655\uc740 \uc544\ub808\uc6b0\uc2a4 I \uc138(\uc8fc\uc804 309-265)\uc640 \uc8fc\uc804 255\ub144\uc5d0 \uc544\uc774\uc77c \ub54c \uc8fd\uc740 \uc544\ub808\uc6b0\uc2a4 \u2161\uc138 \ub2e8 2\uba85 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc694\uc138\ud478\uc2a4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc804 300\ub144 \uacbd\uc758 \ub300\uc81c\uc0ac\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4 I \uc138 \ub300\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4 \u2162\uc138 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc544\ub808\uc6b0\uc2a4\ub97c \uc9d1\uc5b4\ub123\uc740 \uc624\ub958\ub97c \ubc94\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 11\uad8c. (347)]<\/SPAN> \uc624\ub2c8\uc544\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb38\uc548\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc77d\ub2e4\uac00 \uc6b0\uc5f0\ud788 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ub77c\ucf00\ub2e4\uc774\ubaa8\ub2c8\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc774\uba70 \uc544\ube0c\ub77c\ud568\uc758 \ud6c4\uc190\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub9c8\uce74\ube44 1\uc11c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc38). \uace0\ub300. 14\uad8c. 255, \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ud398\ub974\uac00\uba58 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4(the Pergamenes)\uc740 \uc544\ube0c\ub77c\ud568 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc720\ub300\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc870\uc0c1\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub358 \uc6b0\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ud615\uc81c\uc778 \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc14\ub77c\ub294 \ubc14\ub97c \uc54c\ub824\uc8fc\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc9c0\uadf9\ud788 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub97c \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc54c\ub824 \uc904 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb34\uc81c\ub97c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc77c\ub85c \uc5ec\uae38 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub2f9\uc2e0\ub4e4\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ud574\uacb0\ud560 \uac83\uc774\uc624.<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc138 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc740 \ub9c8\uce74\ube44 1\uc11c \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c<\/SPAN>[\u321c \uc9c1\uc5ed\ud558\uba74 \\’\uadf8 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uc790.\\’]<\/SPAN> \ubcf4\ub0b8 \ub370\ubaa8\ud154\ub808\uc2a4(Dem-oteles)\uac00<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ub77c\uc774\ub098\ud750(Reinach)\ub294 \ub370\ubaa8\ud154\ub808\uc2a4(Demoteles)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ud06c\uc138\ub178\ud3f0(Xenophon)\uc5d0\uc11c \ube4c\ub824\uc654\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \ucc38). \\’Hell.\\’ vii. 1. 32\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \uc774\ub984\uc740 \uc2a4\ud30c\ub974\ud0c0\uc778 \uace0\uc9c0\uc790(\u544a\u77e5\u8005, \uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c<\/SPAN>[\u321c <\/SPAN>ejpistolav\\”<\/SPAN>\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \ud3b8\uc9c0(litterae\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ucc98\ub7fc \ub2e8\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uac15\ud558\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\ud574 \uc904 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub294 \uc815\ubc29\ud615\uc774\uba70<\/SPAN>[\u321c \ud639\uc740 \ud5c8\ub4dc\uc2a8(Hudson)\uc774 \uc81c\uc548\ud558\uace0 \ud718\uc2a4\ud134(Whiston)\uc774 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud55c\ub300\ub85c \\’\uc815\ubc29\ud615\uc885\uc774\uc5d0 \uc50c\uc5ec\uc9c4\\’\uc77c \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.]<\/SPAN> \ubb38\uc7a5(\u7d0b\u7ae0)\uc740 \ubc40\uc744<\/SPAN>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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