\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uadf8 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uad6c\uc131\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud604\uc138\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc791\uc6a9\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc81c\uac01\uae30\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc7a5(\u5834)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \uad00\ub828\uc744 \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc77c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc774\uc9c8\uc131 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00, \ub610\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc21c\uc218\ud55c \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub098\uc624\uace0\u3161 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc77c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uadf8 \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc801 \uad00\ub828\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc644\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uba70 \uadf8 \uc911 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ud0c0\ub97c \ub300\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8 \uad00\ub828 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\ud55c\uc758 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uba74 \uc5b4\ub290 \ucabd\uc774 \uc6b0\uc120\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub290\ub0d0\ub294 \uad8c\ud55c\uc758 \uc6b0\uc5f4\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc6d0\uc8c4 \uc911\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\ub958\ub97c \uad6c\uc6d0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \ud55c \uc704\uaca9(\u4f4d\u683c)\uc778 \uc131\uc790(\u8056\u5b50)[\uc608\uc218 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4]\ub97c \uc774 \ub545\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc138\uc6b0\uc2e0, \uc989 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uce5c\ud788 \ucc3d\ub9bd\ud55c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc778\ub370 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\uc591\uc73c\ub85c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \ud544\uc694\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uadf8 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc778\ub370 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uad6c\uc6d0, \uc989 \ud604\uc138\uc801 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub97c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\ub294 \ub0b4\uc138\uc774\uace0, \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\ub294 \ud604\uc138\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc744 \ubbff\uace0 \uadf8 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ucd08\uad6d\uac00\uc801 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc778\ub370 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uad6d\uc801\uc744 \uac19\uc774\ud558\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ud604\uc138\uc801 \uacf5\uc775\ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uba70 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uacfc \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8 \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc131\uc9c8\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0(Leo XIII, Immortale Dei) \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0dd\uacbc\uace0, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc911\uc138\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\uc138\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uc624\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uace0\uc704\uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc758 \uc911\uc138\uc801\uc778 \uc18d\uad8c\uac1c\uc785(\u4fd7\u6b0a\u4ecb\u5165)\uc744 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc815\uad50\ubd84\ub9ac(\u653f\u654e\u5206\u96e2)\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub110\ub9ac \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \ucc98\uc74c \uad50\ud68c \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc815\ud1b5(\u6b63\u7d71)\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc0c1\ud638 \ubd88\uac04\uc12d\uc744 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uadfc\uc138\uc815\uce58\uc758 \ud55c \uc6d0\uce59\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6d0\uc6a9(\u63f4\u7528)\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ud604\uc138\uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub2e8\uccb4\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \ub370\ub294 \ubcc0\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\uc591\uc73c\ub85c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uae4a\uc740 \uad00\ub828\uc744 \ub9fa\uace0 \uc9c0\ub0b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ubc15\ud574\ud558\uace0, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4(\u5236\u5fa1)\ud558\uace0, \ub610 \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc11c\ub85c \ubc30\uaca9\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc601\ud569\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uad00\uacc4 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ucc3d\ub9bd \ub2f9\uc2dc\ubd80\ud130 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ub124\ub85c \ud669\uc81c(\uc7ac\uc704 : 54~68) \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uace0\uc2dc\ubc95(\u544a\u793a\u6cd5, jnstitutum neronianum)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uadf9\uc2ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub4a4 3\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc57d 40\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubb35\uc778\ub41c \uc2dc\uae30\uac00 \uc788\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098(l’ Edit de tolerance de Gallien) 313\ub144\uc758 \ud574\uae08\ub839(\u89e3\u7981\u4f36, l’Edit de Milan)\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9ac\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 4\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd \ucf58\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc2a4 2\uc138(Constance II, Constantinus \ub300\uc81c\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4)\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub97c \uad6d\uad50\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc8fc\uc7ac\uc790(\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8005)\ub85c \uc790\ucc98\ud558\uc600\uace0(Cesaro-Papisme), \uc911\uc138 \ud504\ub791\ud06c\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ucc30\uc2a4 \ub300\uc81c(Charles I, Charles le Grand, \uc7ac\uc704 : 800~814)\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ud68c(\uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c)\ub97c \uad6d\ubbfc\uad50\ud68c\ub85c \uc0bc\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6d\ubbfc\uacfc \ud53c\uc815\ubcf5\ubbfc\uc758 \uac1c\uc885\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uad50\ud669\uc758 \ud604\uc138\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\uac00 \uac15\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc81c\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\ub300\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0(\ud2b9\ud788 Gregorius 7\uc138 ~ Bonifatius 8\uc138, 1073~1303\ub144), \ub610 \uc655\uad8c\uc5d0 \ubc00\ub824 \uad50\ud669\uc774 \uc544\ube44\ub1fd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ucc9c(\u79fb\u9077)\ud55c \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc544\ube44\ub1fd\uc2dc\ub300(1309~1377\ub144)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \ud2b9\ud788 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uad6d\uac00 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ubaa8\uc9c4 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ud568\ubd80\ub85c \uc138\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uac04\uc12d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uacbd\uacc4\ud558\uc5ec \uc654\uc73c\uba70(Pius XI, Quadragesimo anno 41) \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc774 \uc778\ub958\uc758 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc788\uace0 \uad50\ud669\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\ub958\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\uc784\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ud63c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub9c9\uace0, \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad6c\ubd84\uc744 \ubb38\uc81c\uc0bc\uc544 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4(\uc81c2\ucc28 \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c, \ud604\ub300\uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud5cc\uc7a5 \uc81c2\ubd80 4\uc7a5 76). \uc989 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uace0, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uba70 \uc0c1\ud638\uac04\uc5d0 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uc874\uc911\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uad6c\ubd84\uc740 \uac01\uc790\uac00 \ud0c0\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc744 \uce68\ubc94\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uba74 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc744 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac00\uc815\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00 \uc99d\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc11c\ub85c \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uad00\ub828 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub450 \uad8c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc6b0\uc5f4\uc744 \ubb38\uc81c\uc0bc\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc81c\uac01\uae30 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad00\ub828\ub418\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294, \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c \uadf8 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc6d0\ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ub0b4\uc138\uc801 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \ud604\uc138\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ud604\uc138\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uadf8 \uad6c\uc6d0\ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uace0, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc9c1\uc811 \ud604\uc138\uc801 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uadf8 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ud604\uc138\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc744 \uadf8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc778 \uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc778 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub610\ud55c \uad6d\ubbfc\uc774\uace0, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc740 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uad00\ub828 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc774 \uc0c1\ubc18\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \uac83\uc774 \uc6b0\uc120\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \ucda9\ub3cc\uc744 \uba74\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uacc4\uc2dc(\u5553\u793a)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc120\uc744 \ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc545\uc744 \ud53c\ub77c\ud558\uace0 \uac00\ub974\uce58\uace0 \uc131\uc0ac(\u8056\u4e8b)\ub97c \uc9d1\ud589\ud558\uba70 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \ud3ec\uad50\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc8fc\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \uad6d\uac00\uc801 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub97c \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uac01\uae30\uc758 \uad00\ud560\uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \uad6c\ubd84\ub418\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc8fc\uc7ac\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\ub974\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uadf8 \uad00\ud560\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\ub2e4. \uc14b\uc9f8\ub85c \uc724\ub9ac \u00b7 \ub3c4\ub355\uacfc \ud63c\uc778 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\ub418\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad00\ud560\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub610\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad00\ud560\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc18d\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uadf8 \ud310\ub2e8\uacfc \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ub2ec\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4. \ub137\uc9f8\ub85c \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uad00\ud560\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uace0 \ub610 \uadf8 \uad00\ud560\uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc12f\uc9f8\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud611\uc870\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uace0, \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec\ub3c4 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud611\uc870\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ubcf5\ub9ac\uc640 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub294 \ubaa8\uc21c\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc11c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70 \ud604\uc138\uc801\uc778 \uad6d\uac00\uc9c8\uc11c\ub294 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uc12f\uc9f8\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc778 \uc778\ub958\uad6c\uc6d0\uc740 \uadf8\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud604\uc138\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\ud654\ub97c \ubb38\uc81c \uc0bc\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uad6c\uc6d0\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub418\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud604\uc138\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801 \uad00\ub828\uc744 \ub9fa\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc801 \uad00\ub828\uc744 \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uadf8 \uad8c\ud55c\uc0c1\uc758 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\uace0, \uadf8 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub290 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc6b0\uc120\ud558\ub290\ub0d0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud55c \uae30\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc6b0\uc704\uc758 \uacac\ud574(Cesaro-Papisme)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ud55c \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa8\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac04\uc12d\ud558\ub294 \uacac\ud574(Gallicanisme, Febronianisme, Josephisme \ub4f1)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uac01\uae30 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc774\ub4e0 \uac04\uc811\uc801\uc774\ub4e0 \uc5b4\ub290 \ucabd\uc774 \ud0c0\uc5d0 \uc885\uc18d\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc21c\uc218 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uacac\ud574(\ub3c5\uc77c, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ud559\uc124)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad8c\ud55c\uc740 \uc624\ub85c\uc9c0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\uad8c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc8fc\uad8c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc704\uc784\ub41c \uac83\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uac10\ub3c5\ud558\uace0 \uac04\uc12d\ud560 \uad8c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uacac\ud574(Theorie de pouvoir direct)\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uad6d\uac00\uad8c\ub825\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628\ub2e4\ub294 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4(Thomas Aquinas, 1226~1274)\uc758 \ud559\uc124\uc744 \ud1a0\ub300\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc0c1\ucda9\ub418\ub294 \uc608\uc678\uc801 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uad8c\ud55c\uc758 \uc131\uc9c8\uc0c1 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc6b0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc798\ubabb(\ubc18\uc790\uc5f0\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uac83)\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uace0 \uc2dc\uc815\ucf00 \ud560 \ud6c4\uacac\uc790(\u5f8c\u898b\u8005)\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc758\ubb34\uc640 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uacac\ud574(Theorie de pouvoir indirect)\uac00 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud1b5\uc124\uc801 \uacac\ud574\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uacac\ud574\ub294 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec 15\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud1b5\uc124\ub85c \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \ub4a4 \ud1a0\ub974\ucf00\ub2e4\ub9c8(Torquedama, 1420~1498), \ubca8\ub77c\ub974\ubbf8\ub178(Bellarminus, 1542~1621), \uc218\uc544\ub808\uc988(Suarez, 1548~1617) \ub4f1 \uc800\uba85\ud55c \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc9c0, \ubcf4\uc644\ub418\uc5b4 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \uac00\ub974\uce60 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uace0, \uc545\uc744 \ubb35\uacfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub9cc\uc57d \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc545\uc744 \ud589\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ube44\ub85d \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub791\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ub791\uacfc \uc815\uc758\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc545\ud589\uc744 \uae68\uc6b0\uccd0 \uc8fc\uace0, \uc81c\uc9c0 \u00b7 \uc2dc\uc815\ucf00 \ud560 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc801 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uace0\ubc31\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uace0\ubc31\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \ub2e4\ub97c \uc218\ub294 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ub791\uacfc \uc815\uc758\ub97c \ub530\ub77c\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370\ub294 \ubcc0\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc874\uc7ac\ub860\ucca0\ud559\uc758 \uacac\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uacfc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uc874\uc7ac\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ud604\uc138\uc801 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub97c \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc0dd\ud65c(finis operis)\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub9cc\uc871\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uc695\uad6c\ub97c \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc0dd\ud65c(finis operantis)\uc5d0 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ub9cc\uc871\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc120(\u81ea\u7136\u5584, destinee timporelle)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0\ub294 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc120(destinee spirituelle)\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc815\uce58, \ub610\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc801 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud611\ub3d9\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc0ac\ud68c\ud559\uc801 \uacac\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc740 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9bd\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uac00\ub974\uce58\ub294 \uc120(\u5584)\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc138\uc801 \ubcf5\ub9ac\ub3c4 \uc11c\ub85c \ucda9\ub3cc\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc644\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc11c\ub85c \ud611\ub3d9\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uad00\uacc4\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \uadfc\ub300\uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ud558\ub098 \uac19\uc774 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc885\uad50 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uad6d\ubc95\uc0c1\uc758 \uaddc\uc81c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6d0\ub798 \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc778\ub370\ub3c4 \uad6d\ubc95\uc774 \uc774\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc77c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc77c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud2b9\uc815\uc885\uad50\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \uc778\uc815 \u00b7 \ubcf4\ud638\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc2e0\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc9c4\uc2e4\ud55c \uc885\uad50\ub9cc\uc774 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uce5c\ud788 \ucc3d\ub9bd\ud55c \uad50\ud68c[\uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c]\uac00 \uac00\ub974\uce58\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub9cc\uc774 \uc120\uc5b8\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc678\uc758 \uac83\uc740 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ub9c8\ub545\ud558\ub2e4(These). \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ube44\uc624 9\uc138 \uad50\ud669\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc120\uc5b8(indifferentisme)\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4(Pius IX, Quanta cura, syllabus, 1864). \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc774 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c\ub9cc\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \ud3ec\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba74 \uc2e0\uc790 \uc544\ub2cc \uad6d\ubbfc\uacfc \uc774\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc18\uac10\uc744 \uc0ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \uc800\ud574\ub420 \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc120\uc5b8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4(Hypothese)\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud1b5\uc124\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc989 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ub3d9\uc77c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\ucc28\ubcc4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc120\uc5b8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uace0, \ub610 \ud604\uc138\uc801\uc778 \uacf5\uc775\ub9cc\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83(Hypothese)\uc774\uac70\ub098, \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uac15\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559\uc2ec\uacfc \uc2e0\uc559\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc591\uc2ec\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc591\uc2ec\uc744 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub418\ub294 \uc790\uc720\uc778 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ub204\uad6c\ub3c4 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uac74, \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8 \ub418\ub294 \uc790\uc720\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4(\uc81c2\ucc28 \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c, <\uc885\uad50\uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc120\uc5b8> 1, 2). (\uf9e1\u592a\u8f09)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] \ud55c\uc6a9\ud76c, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc801\uc815\uce58\uc724\ub9ac, \ubd84\ub3c4\ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac, 1980 \/ J. \ud68c\ud504\ub108, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc0ac\ud68c\ub860, \ubd84\ub3c4\ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac, 1979 \/ J. \ub9c8\uac70\ud0f1, \uc778\uac04\uacfc \uad6d\uac00, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac, 1953 \/ \uc81c2\ucc28 \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c \ubb38\ud5cc, <\uad50\ud68c\ud5cc\uc7a5>, <\uc885\uad50\uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc120\uc5b8>, <\ube44\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc120\uc5b8> \/ \uc0ac\ud68c\uc815\uc758, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac, 1976. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \uadf8 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uad6c\uc131\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub2e4\uac19\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud604\uc138\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc791\uc6a9\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc81c\uac01\uae30\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc7a5(\u5834)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \uad00\ub828\uc744 \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc77c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc774\uc9c8\uc131 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00, … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30