\uae40\ub300\uac74(1821~1846). \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80. \uc21c\uad50\uc790. \uc131\uc778(\u8056\u4eba). \ucd95\uc77c\uc740 9\uc6d4 20\uc77c. \uc138\ub840\uba85 \uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc544. \uc544\uba85(\u5152\u540d)\uc740 \uc7ac\ubcf5(\u518d\u798f), \ubcf4\uba85(\u8b5c\u540d)\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd(\u829d\u690d), \ub300\uac74\uc740 \uad00\uba85(\u51a0\u540d)\uc778 \ub4ef. \ubcf8\uad00\uc740 \uae40\ud574(\u91d1\u6d77).<\/p>\n
1. \uc0dd\uc560 : \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 1821\ub144 8\uc6d4 21\uc77c \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \uc194\ubafc(\ud604 \u5fe0\u5357 \u5510\u6d25\u90e1 \u725b\u6c5f\u9762 \u677e\u5c71\u7406)\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790 \uae40\uc81c\uc900(\u91d1\u6fdf\u4fca)\uacfc \uace0 \uc6b0\ub974\uc220\ub77c\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9d1\uc548\uc740 \ubd80\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc9c0\uccb4 \ub192\uc740 \uc591\ubc18 \uc9d1\uc548\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uc804\ub77d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubaa8\ubc94\uc801 \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub4e4\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc30\ucd9c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc9d1\uc548\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9d1\uc548\uacfc \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uc99d\uc870\ubd80\uc778 \uae40\uc9c4\ud6c4(\u91d1\u9707\u539a)\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \uc9c0 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc548 \ub418\uc5b4 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \uc785\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub798 \uadf8\ub294 1791\ub144\uc758 \ubc15\ud574 \ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5b4 \uad00\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uace0\ubc31\ud588\uace0, 1801\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\ubc30\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 1805\ub144 \ud574\ubbf8(\u6d77\u7f8e)\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc7a1\ud600 10\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \uac10\uc625\uc0b4\uc774 \ub05d\uc5d0 1814\ub144 \uc625\uc0ac \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\ub294 \ubc15\ud574\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uc790\uc5f0 \uc774 \uc9d1\uc548\uc740 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac00\uc871\uc774 \ud55c\ub370 \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc0b4\uae30\uac00 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub41c \uac83 \uac19\uace0 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uae40\uc9c4\ud6c4\uc758 \uc14b\uc9f8 \uc544\ub4e4 \uae40\uc885\ud55c(\u91d1\u5b97\u6f22)\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290\uc0c8 \uc194\ubafc \uace0\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \uc548\ub3d9(\u5b89\u6771)\uc73c\ub85c \ud53c\uc2e0\ud574 \uc0b4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c 1815\ub144 \uc744\ud574\ubc15\ud574(\u4e59\u4ea5\u8feb\u5bb3) \ub54c \uc7a1\ud600 \ub300\uad6c(\u5927\u90b1) \uac10\uc601\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc1a1\ub418\uc5b4 \uac70\uae30\uc11c \uc774\ub4ec\ud574 \ucc38\uc218(\u65ac\u9996) \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8 \ud6c4 \uae40\uc9c4\ud6c4\uc758 \ub458\uc9f8 \uc544\ub4e4, \uc989 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uc870\ubd80, \uae40\ud0dd\ud604(\u91d1\u6fa4\u9249)\ub3c4 \ubc15\ud574 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc194\ubafc\ub97c \ub5a0\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ub54c\uac00 1827\ub144\uc758 \uc815\ud574\ubc15\ud574(\u4e01\u4ea5\u8feb\u5bb3)\uc600\ub358 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \uae40\ud0dd\ud604\uc740 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc758 \uccad\ud30c(\u9751\u5761)\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc6a9\uc778(\uf9c4\u4ec1) \ub545 \uace8\ubc30\ub9c8\uc2e4[\u5bd2\u5fb7\u6d1e]\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub54c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \ub098\uc774 7\uc138\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \ub098\uc774\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ud55c\ubb38\uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \ud588\uc744 \uac83\uc774 \ud2c0\ub9bc\uc5c6\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c \uae40\uc81c\uc900\uc740 1836\ub144 \ucd08\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ubc29(Maubant, \uf90f\u4f2f\u591a\u797f) \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\uc790 \uace7 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc758 \uc815\ud558\uc0c1(\u4e01\u590f\u7965) \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uac70\ucc98\ud558\ub358 \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc138\ub840\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\ud65c\uc808(4\uc6d4 5\uc77c)\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0b4\uace0\ub294 \uacbd\uae30\ub3c4\uc640 \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uacf5\uc18c\uc21c\ubc29\uc5d0 \ub098\uc130\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \uc6a9\uc778\uc9c0\ubc29\uc758 \uace8\ubc30\ub9c8\uc2e4\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6c3\ud55c \u2018\uc740\uc774\u2019 \uacf5\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\ub7ec \uc544\uc8fc \uc5f4\uc2ec\ud558\uace0 \ub6f0\uc5b4\ub09c \uc7ac\ub2a5\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc18c\ub144 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ucd1d\uba85\ud55c \uadf8\ub97c \ub300\uacac\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \uc5ec\uaca8 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\ud0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc774 \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc138\ub840\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ud655\uc2e4\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uace7(7\uc6d4 11\uc77c) \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uc640 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ubc1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uac19\uc740 \ub610\ub798\uc758 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5(\u5d14\uf97c\u696d), \ucd5c\ubc29\uc81c(\u5d14\u65b9\u6fdf)\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \ud55c\ubb38\uacfc \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud574 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub85c \uad50\uc721\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc5f0\ub9d0\uc758 \ub3d9\uc9c0\uc0ac\ud3b8\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc6b0\uc120 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc758 \ud30c\ub9ac \uc678\ubc29\uc804\uad50\ud68c \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc138 \uc18c\ub144 \uc911 \uae40\ub300\uac74\ub9cc\uc740 \uc218\ub828\uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc9e7\uc544 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \uac19\uc774 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uae30\ub97c \uc8fc\uc800\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uadf8\ub7f0 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \uc5c6\uc744 \uac83 \uac19\uc544 \uacb0\uad6d \ud568\uaed8 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc740 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc190\uc744 \uc5b9\uace0 \uc7a5\ucc28 \uc870\uc120 \ud3ec\uad50\uc9c0\uc758 \uc7a5\uc0c1\uacfc \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc7a5\uc5d0\uac8c \uc808\ub300 \uc21c\uc885\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc5c4\uc219\ud788 \uc120\uc11c\ud55c \ub2e4\uc74c \uc774\ud2bf\ub0a0, \uc989 12\uc6d4 3\uc77c \uc608\uc815\ub300\ub85c \uc11c\uc6b8\uc744 \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc720\ubc29\uc81c(\uf9c7\u65b9\u6fdf) \uc2e0\ubd80, \uc815\ud558\uc0c1(\u4e01\u590f\u7965), \uc870\uc2e0\ucca0(\u8d99\u4fe1\u5586) \ub4f1 \uc57d 10\uba85\uc774 \ub3d9\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uc720 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc870\uc120 \ud3ec\uad50\uac00 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc911\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uae38\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uc815\ud558\uc0c1 \ub4f1\uc740 \uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc744 \uad6d\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc778\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc0c8 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \uc601\uc785(\u8fce\u5165)\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc77c\ud589\uc740 12\uc6d4 28\uc77c \ubcc0\ubb38(\u908a\u9580)\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud574 \ub300\uae30 \uc911\uc778 \uc870\uc120 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \uc0e4\uc2a4\ud0d5(Chastan, \u912d\u7259\u5404\u4f2f)\uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc740 \uc0e4\uc2a4\ud0d5 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \uc870\uc120 \uad6d\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc548\ub0b4\ud55c \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc548\ub0b4\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uc694\ub3d9(\uf9c3\u6771)\uacfc \ub9cc\uc8fc\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc911\uad6d\ub300\ub959\uc744 \ud6a1\ub2e8\ud55c \ub05d\uc5d0 1837\ub144 6\uc6d4 7\uc77c \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\uc778 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc0ac\ud788 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub9c8\uce74\uc624 \uc8fc\uc7ac \ud30c\ub9ac \uc678\ubc29\uc804\uad50\ud68c \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\uc7a5 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640(Legregois) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud398\ub0ad \uc2e0\ud559\uad50[\ud30c\ub9ac \uc678\ubc29\uc804\uad50\ud68c \uacbd\uc601\uc758 \ub3d9\uc591\uc778 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc591\uc131\uc18c]\uc758 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc774 \uc88b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574 \uc870\uc120\uc778 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uac70\uae30\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc0c8\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ub41c \uc870\uc120\uad50\uad6c\uc7a5\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e1\uc544 \uad50\uc721\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \uce7c\ub974\ub9ac(Callery)[\uc870\uc120 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ub418\uc5b4 \uc785\uad6d\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4] \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uc870\uc120 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uace7 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \ub300\uc2e0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50\uc7a5\uc778 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uad50\uc0ac, \uc0ac\uac10, \uc758\uc0ac \ub4f1\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce7c\ub974\ub9ac \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc870\uc120 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc131\uac00\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubc1c\uc131\ubc95\uae4c\uc9c0, \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\ub97c \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uad50\ub9ac\uc640 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uc778 \uc131\uc801\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub9cc\uc871\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9ce\uc740 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce7c\ub974\ub9ac \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud55c\ub54c \ub9cc\uc8fc\uc5d0 \uc870\uc120\uc2e0\ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc138\uc6b8 \uacc4\ud68d\ub3c4 \uac00\uc84c\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ub73b\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ub4f1\uc740 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c\uc9c0 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub9cc\uc778 8\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ubbfc\ub780(\u6c11\u4e82) \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uc2dc \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\ub85c \ud53c\uc2e0\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610 1\ub144 \ud6c4(1838. 11. 27)\uc5d0\ub294 \ucd5c\ubc29\uc81c\uc640 \uc0ac\ubcc4(\u6b7b\u5225)\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce7c\ub974\ub9ac\uc640 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub9cc\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80 \ucc28\uc7a5 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640(Libois) \uc2e0\ubd80, \ub370\ud50c\ub808\uc2dc(Desfleches) \uc2e0\ubd80 \ub4f1\ub3c4 \uc870\uc120 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\ub2e4. \ub370\ud50c\ub808\uc2dc \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc911\uad6d \uc0ac\ucc9c\uad50\uad6c(\u56db\u5ddd\u654e\u5340) \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \uc785\uad6d \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4(\uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc0ac\ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50).<\/p>\n
1839\ub144 \uc544\ud3b8 \uac70\ub798\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uad11\ub3d9(\u5ee3\u6771)\uacfc \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubbfc\ub780\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098 4\uc6d4 \ucd08 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ub610 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\ub85c \ud53c\uc2e0\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce7c\ub974\ub9ac, \ub370\ud50c\ub808\uc288 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3d9\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 4\uc6d4 \ud55c \ub2ec\uc744 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\uc758 \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54\ud68c \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ub0b4\uace0 5\uc6d4\ucd08\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c 30\ub9ac \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub864\ub86c\ubca0\uc774(Lolombey)\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \ub18d\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \uadf8 \ud574 11\uc6d4 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc62c \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uacf3\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\ub800\ub2e4. \uc774\uacf3\uc740 \uacbd\uce58\ub3c4 \uc544\ub984\ub2f5\uace0 \uac70\ucc98\ub3c4 \ub113\uace0 \ud3b8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub370\ud50c\ub808\uc288 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9e4\uc77c \uac15\uc758\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5c8\uace0 \ub610 \uc790\uc8fc \uc678\ucd9c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dd\uacac\uc744 \ub113\ud614\ub2e4. 8\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub73b\ubc16\uc5d0 \uace0\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc18c\uc2dd\ub3c4 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub450\uac00 \uac74\uac15\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uae40\ub300\uac74\ub9cc\uc740 \ubcf5\ud1b5, \ub450\ud1b5, \uc2e0\uc7a5\ubcd1 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc553\uc558\ub2e4. 11\uc6d4 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc758 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uac00 \uc880 \uc9c4\uc815\ub418\uc790 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \ub370\ud50c\ub808\uc288 \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uace7 \uc784\uc9c0\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\uc73c\ub098 1840\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974(Maistre)\uc640 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc(Berneux) \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ud574 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc784\uc9c0\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\uc758 \uc77c\uacfc \uc870\uc120 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\uace0, \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc784\uc9c0\uc778 \ud1b5\ud0b9\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0a0 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \uc57d 100\uc77c \ub3d9\uc548 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc5d0\uac8c \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 1842\ub144\uc744 \ub9de\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud574\uc5d0 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ub73b\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ud559\uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uadc0\uad6d\uae38\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub54c\ub294 \uc544\ud3b8\uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ubb34\ub835\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucc28\uc81c\uc5d0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uad8c(\uf9dd\u6b0a)\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4 \ubcf4\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc678\uad50\uc0ac\uc808\uc744 \ud30c\uacac\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 2\ucc99\uc758 \uad70\ud568\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc911\uad6d \ud574\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc704\ud558\uac8c \ud588\ub294\ub370, \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc138\uc2e4(Cecille)\uc774 \uc9c0\ud718\ud558\ub294 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4(Erigone)\ud638\uc600\uace0, \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud30c\uc988(Page)\uac00 \uc9c0\ud718\ud558\ub294 \ud30c\ubcf4\ub9ac\ud2b8(Favorite)\ud638\uc600\ub2e4. \uc138\uc2e4 \ud568\uc7a5\uc740 \ucc28\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc870\uc120\uacfc \ud1b5\uc0c1 \uc870\uc57d\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\uc2dc\ud0ac \uacc4\ud68d\ub3c4 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80 \ucc45\uc784\uc790 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c(\uadf8 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub85c \uc804\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4) \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc870\uc120\uc6d0\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc870\uc120 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd \ud55c \uba85\uc744 \ud1b5\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\ud589\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc138\uc2e4\uc758 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774 \ud3c9\ud654\uc801\uc77c \ubfd0\ub354\ub7ec \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uba87 \ub144\uc9f8 \ub450\uc808\ub41c \uc870\uc120 \uad50\ud68c\uc640\uc758 \uc5f0\ub77d\uc744 \uc7ac\uac1c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc88b\uc740 \uae30\ud68c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc138\uc2e4\uc758 \uccad\uc744 \uae30\uaebc\uc774 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \ubfd0\ub354\ub7ec \uc870\uc120\uc778 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc138\uc2e4 \ud568\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud1b5\uc5ed\uc744 \ub3d5\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub3d9\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc744 \ud0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uad70\ud568\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc870\uac74\uc774 \ubcd1\uc57d\ud55c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uac74\uac15 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc790\uc8fc \uc553\uc558\uace0 \uad70\ud568\uc5d0 \ud0d1\uc2b9\ud560 \ub2f9\uc2dc\ub3c4 \ub3c5\uac10\uc744 \uc553\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 2\uc6d4 15\uc77c \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\ub97c \ucd9c\ud56d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4\ud638\ub294 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c, \ub300\ub9cc\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc8fc\uc0b0(\u821f\u5c71)\uc5d0\uc11c 2\uac1c\uc6d4\ucbe4 \uccb4\ub958\ud55c \ud6c4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubd81\uc0c1, 6\uc6d4 27\uc77c \uc624\uc1a1\uad6c(\u5433\u6dde\u53e3)\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc870\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub098\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub300\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uc0c1\ud669\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654\ub85c \uadf8 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc740 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub0a8\uacbd\uc758 \ud568\ub77d\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uccad\uad6d\uc774 \uc601\uad6d \uce21\uc5d0 \uac15\ud654\ub97c \uc81c\uc758\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub0a8\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\ud654\uc870\uc57d\uc774 \uccb4\uacb0\ub418\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \uc138\uc2e4\uc740 \ub0a8\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub824\ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ud1b5\uc5ed\uad00\uc758 \uc790\uaca9\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub97c \ub3d9\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 8\uc6d4 29\uc77c \ub0a8\uacbd\uc870\uc57d\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc624\uc1a1\uad6c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\ub2c8 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uacfc \ub9cc\uc8fc\uad50\uad6c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \ube0c\ub93c\ub2c8\uc5d0\ub974(de Bruniere) \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \ud0d1\uc2b9\ud55c \ud30c\ube0c\ub9ac\ud2b8\ud638\uac00 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\uac8c \ub418\ub2c8 \ubb34\ucc99 \uae30\ubee4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\uc758 \uae30\uc068\uc740 \uace7 \uc2ac\ud514\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc870\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc\uc84c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \uc77c\ud589\uc740 \ud558\uc120\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc77c\ud589\uc740 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4\ud638\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc138\uc2e4\uc740 \ud658\uc790\uac00 \ub9ce\uace0 \ub610 \uc870\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uac08 \uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uc5ec\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba70 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac08 \uac83\uc744 \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc77c\ud589\ub3c4 9\uc6d4 11\uc77c \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4\ud638\ub97c \ud558\uc9c1\ud558\uace0 \uac15\ub0a8\uad50\uad6c\uc7a5 \ubca0\uc9c0(Besi) \uc8fc\uad50\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \uc77c\ud589\uacfc \ud569\ub958\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubca0\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uc54c\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc81c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\ubc30\ub97c \ud0c0\uace0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uadc0\uad6d\uae38\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc77c\ud589\uc740 10\uc6d4 2\uc77c \uc0c1\ud574\ub97c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc911 \uc5ed\ud48d\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098 \uace4\uc695\uc744 \uacaa\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc73c\ub098 10\uc6d4 22\uc77c \ud0dc\uc7a5\ud558(\u592a\u838a\u6cb3) \ubd80\uadfc \uc694\ub3d9\ub545\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc774 \uba3c\uc800 \ub0b4\ub838\uace0 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ubc24\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub959\ud560 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ub300\ub0ae\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub959\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c \uc138\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c 30\uba85 \uac00\ub7c9\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubab0\ub824\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3ec\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ud790\ubb38\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc7ac\uce58\uc640 \uc5f4\ubcc0\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ucad3\uc544\ubc84\ub838\ub2e4. \uc77c\ud589\uc740 \uc6b0\uc120 \ub450(\u675c) \ud68c\uc7a5 \uc9d1\uc5d0 \uc720\uc219\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \uc9c0\ubc29 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc744 \uc720\uc219\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ub97c \uac70\uc808\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \uc77c\ud589\uc740 \uc591\uad00(\u967d\u95dc)\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uace0, \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ubc31\uac00\uc810(\u767d\u5bb6\u5e97)\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\uba74\uc11c \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc785\uad6d\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \uba54\uc77c \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2e0\ud559\uac15\uc758\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
11\uc6d4 7\uc77c \ubcc0\ubb38\uc744 \ub2e4\ub140\uc628 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \ubcf4\ud589\uafbc\uc774 \uc870\uc120\uc5d0 \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc785\uad6d \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub9cc\uc8fc\uad50\uad6c\uc7a5 \ubca0\ub864(Verrolles) \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uacb0\uc2ec\uc774 \ubb34\ubaa8\ud558\uace0 \uc704\ud5d8\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ub35c\uc5b4 \uc8fc\uace0\uc790 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \ub2e8\ub150\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc790\ube44\ud558\uc2ec\uacfc \uc131\ubaa8\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6b0\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc785\uad6d\uc758 \ubaa8\ud5d8\uc744 \uac10\ud589\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \ub098\ubb34\uafbc\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 12\uc6d4 23\uc77c \ubcc0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ubcc0\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \ub2e4\ud589\ud788 \ubd81\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e0 \uc77c\ud589 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub97c \ub9cc\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ube44\ub85c\uc18c \uc870\uc120 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e4\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ud574\ub144(1839\ub144)\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\ub85c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc21c\uad50\ud588\uc744 \ubfd0\ub354\ub7ec \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c\uacfc \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc758 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub97c \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec 200\uc5ec\uba85\uc758 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\uc640 \uc791\ubcc4\ud558\uace0 \ub2e8\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uad6d\uacbd\uc120\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uc758\uc8fc\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\uace0 \ubc1c\uae38\uc744 \ub3cc\ub838\ub2e4. \ub3c4\uc911\uc5d0 \ub208 \uc704\uc5d0 \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc838 \ub3d9\uc0ac\ud560 \ubed4\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uae30\uc801\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc544 \ubc31\uac00\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4(1843. 1. 6).<\/p>\n
\uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 1843\ub144 \uc74c\ub825 3\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubcc0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \ubd81\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\ub294 \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098\uace0 \ud314\uac00\uc790(\u516b\u5bb6\u5b50)\ub85c \uac14\ub2e4. \uc74c\ub825 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc138 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ubcc0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098\uace0 \ub3d9\ubd81\uad6d\uacbd\ucabd \uc785\uad6d\ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc758\ub17c\ud558\uace0 \ud314\uac00\uc790\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5b4 12\uc6d4 31\uc77c \uc591\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \ud398\ub808\uc62c(Ferreol, \u9ad8) \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uc131\uc131\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ubd09\ucc9c(\u5949\u5929)\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \uc774\ub4ec\ud574 1\uc6d4 24\uc77c \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub97c \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub294 \ub2f9\uc7a5\uc740 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0 1845\ub144 \ucd08\uc5d0\ub098 \uac00\ub2a5\ud560\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \ub3d9\ubd81\uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc785\uad6d\ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 2\uc6d4 4\uc77c \ud314\uac00\uc790\ub97c \ucd9c\ubc1c, 3\uc6d4 8\uc77c \ud6c8\ucd98(\u743f\u6625)\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29, \ub450\ub9cc\uac15\uc744 \uac74\ub108 \uac1c\uc2dc(\u958b\u5e02) \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uacbd\uc6d0(\u6176\u6e90)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc120 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubc00\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub3d9\ubd81\uad6d\uacbd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \uc758\uc8fc\uae38\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \ud314\uac00\uc790\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4(4\uc6d4). \uc57d 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \uadf8\ub294 2,000\ub9ac \uae38\uc744 \uac78\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc721\uc9c0\uc640 \ubc14\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacaa\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc5ec\ud589\uc740 \ubcd1\uc57d\ud558\ub358 \uadf8\uc758 \uccb4\uc9c8\uc744 \ubc1c\ub2ec\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8\uc758 \uae30\ub825\uacfc \ud0c0\uace0\ub09c \ub300\ub2f4\uc131\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc6d0\uc219\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud314\uac00\uc790\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc628 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc774 \ud574\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub05d\ub0b4\uace0 \uc5f0\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc0ad\ubc1c\ub840\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd80\uc81c\ud488\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4(12. 15 \uc774\uc804) \uc5f0\ub839 \ubbf8\ub2ec(\ubc95\uc815 \uc5f0\ub839 \ub9cc 24\uc138)\ub85c \uc0ac\uc81c\ud488\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 12\uc6d4 \ub9d0 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud314\uac00\uc790\ub97c \ucd9c\ubc1c, \uc774\ub4ec\ud574 1\uc6d4 1\uc77c \ubcc0\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uae40 \ubc29\uc9c0\uac70\ub97c \uc704\uc2dc\ud55c \uc870\uc120 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubc00\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uc811\ucd09\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\ub9cc\uc744 \uc785\uad6d\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uace0 \uae40 \ubd80\uc81c\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\ub85c\ub85c \uc0c1\ud574\uc5d0 \uc624\ub3c4\ub85d \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \uae40 \ubd80\uc81c\uc758 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uae30\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\ud3b8 \uae40 \ubd80\uc81c\ub294 \ud0c0\uace0\ub09c \uae30\uc9c0\uc640 \ub300\ub2f4\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc628\uac16 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \uad6d\uacbd\uc120\uc744 \ub118\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5, 1\uc6d4 15\uc77c \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubab8\uc774 \uadf9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc1e0\uc57d\ud574\uc9c4\ub370\ub2e4 \uc911\ubcd1\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc553\uc544\uc57c \ud588\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \ubf51\uc544 \uad50\uc721\ud558\uace0, \uc870\uc120\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uace0, \uc21c\uad50\uc790\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \uc218\uc9d1\ud588\uace0, \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc0c1\ud574\uae38\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub3d9\ubd84\uc11c\uc8fc\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uc900\ube44\ub97c \uc644\ub8cc\ud55c \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\ub294 4\uc6d4 30\uc77c 11\uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\uacf5\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc791\uc740 \ubc30, \uc989 \ub77c\ud30c\uc5d8\ud638\uc5d0 \ud0d1\uc2b9, \uc0c1\ud574\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uc81c\ubb3c\ud3ec\ub97c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub450 \ubc88\uc758 \ud48d\ud30c\uc640 \ud574\uc801\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\ub294 \ub4f1 1\uac1c\uc6d4\uc5ec\uc758 \ubaa8\ud5d8 \ub05d\uc5d0 \uc624\uc1a1\uad6c\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 6\uc6d4 4\uc77c \uc0c1\ud574\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40 \ubd80\uc81c\ub294 \uace7 \uadf8\uc758 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc744 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0\uac8c \uc54c\ub838\uace0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \ub2e4\ube14\ub93c(Daveluy \u5b89\u6566\u4f0a) \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc0c1\ud574\ub85c \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c 8\uc6d4 17\uc77c \uc0c1\ud574 \ubd80\uadfc \uae40\uac00\ud56d(\u91d1\u5bb6\u5df7)\uc5d0\uc11c \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc81c\uc11c\ud488\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub85c\uc368 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc0ac\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\uc8fc\uc77c \ud6c4 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub9cc\ub2f9(\u842c\u5802) \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \uc131\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ube14\ub93c \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \ubcf4\uc88c\ub97c \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uccab \ubbf8\uc0ac\ub97c \uc62c\ub838\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ud488\uc131\uc0ac\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d\uacfc \ubbf8\uc0ac\uc131\uc81c\uc758 \ubd09\ud5cc\uc73c\ub85c \ub354\uc6b1 \ud070 \ud798\uacfc \uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \uc5bb\uac8c \ub41c \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ub77c\ud30c\uc5d8\ud638\uc5d0 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50, \ub2e4\ube14\ub93c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ud0dc\uc6b0\uace0 8\uc6d4 31\uc77c \uc0c1\ud574\ub97c \ucd9c\ud56d\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadc0\uad6d\uae38\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub790\ub2e4. \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc81c\uc8fc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ud45c\ucc29\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud070 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \uc5c6\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ub098 40\uc5ec\uc77c \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ubaa8\ud5d8 \ub05d\uc5d0 10\uc6d4 12\uc77c \uac15\uacbd(\u6c5f\u666f) \ubd80\uadfc \ud669\uc0b0\ud3ec(\u9ec3\u5c71\u6d66)\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub959\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uace7 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uc640 \uc11c\uc6b8\uacfc \uadf8 \uc778\uadfc, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc6a9\uc778\uc9c0\ubc29\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uace0 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9d1\uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uc2e0\uc2ec, \ub180\ub77c\uc6b8 \ub9cc\uce58 \uc720\ucc3d\ud55c \ub9d0\uc528\ub294 \ub2e8\ubc88\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc874\uacbd\uacfc \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 10\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ub97c \ub9cc\ub0ac\uace0 \ub610 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8 \uacc1\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\ud65c\uc808(4. 12)\uc744 \uc9c0\ub0b4\uace0 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc62c\ub77c\uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc5b4 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub85c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \uc601\uc785\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc0c8 \ud1b5\ub85c\uc758 \uac1c\ucc99\uc5d0 \ub098\uc11c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc5b4\uc120\uacfc \uc5f0\ub77d\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uace0\uc790 5\uc6d4 14\uc77c 7\uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub290\ub9ac\uace0 \ub9c8\ud3ec\ub97c \ucd9c\ubc94\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ud3c9\ub3c4\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ubc31\ub839\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uccad\uad6d\uc5b4\uc120\uacfc \uc811\ucd09, \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc640 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \ud0c1\uc1a1(\u8a17\u9001)\ud558\uace0 \uc21c\uc704\ub3c4(\u5de1\u5a01\u5cf6)\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc744 \ub54c \ub73b\ubc16\uc5d0 6\uc6d4 5\uc77c \uadf8 \uacf3 \uad00\ud5cc\uc5d0\uac8c \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub4f1\uc0b0\uc9c4\uc601(\u767b\u5c71\u93ad\u71df)\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucde8\uc870\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 5\uc77c \ud6c4 \ud574\uc8fc \uac10\uc601\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc1a1\ub418\uc5b4 4\ucc28\uc758 \ubb38\ucd08\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc5b4\uc120\uc5d0 \ud0c1\uc1a1\ud588\ub358 \ud3b8\uc9c0\uc640 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc758 \uc555\uc218\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \uc2ec\uac01\ud574\uc9d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc555\uc1a1\ub418\uc5b4 \ud3ec\uccad\uc5d0 \uac07\ud788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(6. 21). \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 \uadf8\ub294 \uc88c\uc6b0\ud3ec\uccad\uc5d0\uc11c 7\uc6d4 19\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubb34\ub824 40\ucc28\uc758 \uc2e0\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. 7\uc6d4 20\uc77c \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640\uc640 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \ub4f1 \uc120\uc0dd\uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud558\uc9c1 \ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc37c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc625\uc5d0 \uac07\ud600 \uc788\uc73c\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uacc4\uc9c0\ub3c4 2\ub9e4\ub97c \uc601\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc88\uc5ed \uc791\uc131\ud588\uace0 \ub610 \uc9c0\ub9ac\uac1c\uc124\uc11c\ub97c \ud3b8\uc220\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc138\uc2e4\uc774 \uae30\ud574\ub144\uc5d0 3\uba85\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0b4\ud574\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uc870\uc120\uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \ubb3b\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc11c\ud574\uc548\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc774 \uc804\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4(8. 20). \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \uc804\uad8c\ub300\uc0ac\ub85c \ud30c\uacac\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud588\uc5c8\uace0 \uadf8\ub798\uc11c\uc778\uc9c0 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80 \uc790\uc2e0\ub3c4 \ubbf8\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc11d\ubc29\ub418\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc77c\ub8e8\uc758 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubfd0\ub354\ub7ec \uc77c\ubd80 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uace0\uad00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \ubc15\ud559\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uace0\uacb0\ud55c \uc778\uaca9\uc5d0 \uac10\ub3d9\ub418\uc5b4 \uadf8\uc758 \uad6c\uba85\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc138\uc2e4\uc774 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \ud559\uc0b4\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3b\ub294 \uc11c\ud55c\uc744 \uc870\uc815\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uace0 \ub610 \uc11c\ud574\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb3c\ub7ec\uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ud615\uc774 \uc55e\ub2f9\uaca8\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub3c4 \uc21c\uad50\ub97c \uac01\uc624\ud558\uace0 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\uc640(8. 29) \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud558\uc9c1\ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc37c\ub2e4. 9\uc6d4 15\uc77c \uc5f0\uc11d(\u7b75\u5e2d)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\uc758\uc815 \uad8c\ub3c8\uc778(\u6b0a\u6566\u4ec1)\uc740 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc774 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uacfc \uad50\uc12d\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8c4\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5ed\ub960(\u9006\u5f8b)\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub300\uc2e0\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc870\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc5d0\uac8c \uad70\ubb38\ud6a8\uc218\uc758 \ud615\uc774 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uadf8\ub0a0\ub85c \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \uc0c8\ub0a8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\ubb38\ud6a8\uc218\ud615\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc2dc\uccb4\ub294 40\uc77c \ud6c4 \uc0c8\ub0a8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbf8\ub9ac\ub0b4\ub85c \uc548\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1901\ub144 \uc6a9\uc0b0\uc2e0\ud559\uad50\ub85c \uc774\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, 1951\ub144 \ud61c\ud654\ub3d9 \ub300\uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \uc131\ub2f9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 1857\ub144\uc5d0 \uac00\uacbd\uc790, 1925\ub144\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1984\ub144 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c \ucc3d\uc124 200\uc8fc\ub144\uc744 \uacc4\uae30\ub85c \ubc29\ud55c\ud55c \uad50\ud669 \uc694\ud55c \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 2\uc138\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\uad6d \uc21c\uad50\uc790 102\uba85\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2dc\uc131\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc131\uc778\uc704\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub790\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc758 \uc8fc\ubcf4\uc774\ub2e4(1949\ub144 \uc774\ub798). \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \ub3d9\uc0c1\uc774 \u2018\uc560\uad6d\uc120\uc5f4\ub3d9\uc0c1\uac74\ub9bd\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\u2019\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 1972\ub144 5\uc6d4 14\uc77c \uc808\ub450\uc0b0 \uc131\ub2f9\uad11\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uac74\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc800\uc220 : \u2460 22\ud3b8\uc758 \uc11c\ud55c : \uc774 \uc11c\ud55c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc740\uc0ac\uc778 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640\uc640 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\uad6c\uc7a5 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50, \uc870\uc120\uad50\uc6b0 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. 1\ud3b8\uc758 \ud55c\ubb38\uc11c\ud55c\uacfc 1\ud3b8\uc758 \ud55c\uae00\uc11c\ud55c\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uba74 \ubaa8\ub450 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc11c\ud55c\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc11c\ud55c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560\uc640 \ud65c\ub3d9, \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc601\uc131\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ubd88\uac00\uacb0\uc758 \uc0ac\ub8cc\uc774\uace0 \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00\uc11c \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub370\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\ub8cc\uc801 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc\ub2e4. \u2461 2\ud3b8\uc758 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc791\ubb38 : \ub9c8\uce74\uc624 \uc720\ud559 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \uc791\uc131\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \u2462 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c 3\ud3b8\uc758 \ube44\ub9dd\ub85d : \uc989 \ucd08\uae30\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac \uac1c\uc694, \uae30\ud574\ubc15\ud574, \uae30\ud574\ubc15\ud574\uc758 \uc21c\uad50\uc790 \uc804\uae30\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ube44\ub9dd\ub85d\uc740 1845\ub144\ucd08\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud55c \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\uac00 \uc7a0\uc2dc \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0 \uccb4\ub958\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc791\uc131\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0c1\ud574\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc758 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\ub2ec\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc99d\uc5b8\uacfc \ud2b9\ud788 \u226a\uae30\ud574\uc77c\uae30\u226b\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \ube44\ub9dd\ub85d\ub4e4\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud588\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \uc911\uc5d0\ub294 \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc870\uc120\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uc18d\uc2e0\uc559\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ube44\ud310 \ub4f1 \ub3c5\ucc3d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ub418\ub294 \uc810\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \u2463 \u2018\uc870\uc120\uc804\ub3c4\u2019(\u671d\u9bae\u5168\u5716) : \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \ud589\uc815\uc9c0\ub3c4\uc778\ub370 \uc774\uac83 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\uac00 1845\ub144\ucd08 \uc7a0\uc2dc \uc785\uad6d \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc791\uc131\ud588\uc744 \uac83\uc774 \ud655\uc2e4\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc774 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub294 \uc0c1\ud574\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc601\uc0ac\uad00\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \ud30c\ub9ac\uad6d\ub9bd\ub3c4\uc11c\uad00\uc5d0 \uae30\uc99d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub294 \uace7 \uc9c0\ub9ac\ud559\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uac1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc870\uc120\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubd88\uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcf4\uc644\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ud06c\uac8c \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uacbd\uc704\ub3c4\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub4f1 \uacfc\ud559\uc131\uc774 \uacb0\uc5ec\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc9c0\uba85\uc774 \ub9ce\uace0 \ub610 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uba85\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc2dd \ubc1c\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uae30\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ucc38\uace0\ud560 \uc810\uc774 \ub9ce\ub2e4\ub294 \ud638\ud3c9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc870\uc120 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc774 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc120\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \uc644\uc131\uc2dc\ucf30\ub294\ub370 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ub2ec\ub808(Dallet)\uc758 <\uc870\uc120\uc9c0\ub3c4>\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc16\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uac10\uc625\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc815\ubd80\ub2f9\uad6d\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uacc4\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc9c0\ub9ac\uac1c\uc124\uc11c\ub97c \uc800\uc220\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc800\uc220\ub4e4\uc740 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc601\uc131 : \uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ucc3d\uc870\ud55c \uc784\uc790\uc640 \uc774 \uc784\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6a8\uc560(\u5b5d\u611b)\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc601\uc131\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8[\u5929\u4e3b]\uc744 \u2018\uc784\uc790\u2019\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc784\uc790\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub97c \uc54c\uc544\ubcf4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uba74 \uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub09c \ubcf4\ub78c\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud55c \ubc88 \uc54c\uc544\ubcf8 \ud6c4 \uadf8\ub97c \ubc30\uc2e0\ud558\uba74 \ucc28\ub77c\ub9ac \uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc544\ub2cc \ub09c \uac83\ub9cc \ubabb\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc784\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uc801 \ud6a8\uc560\ub97c \uac00\ub974\uce58\ub294 \ub370 \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc21c\uad50\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc194\uc120\uc218\ubc94\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uc784\uc790\uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc784\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6a8\uc560\uc801 \uc2e0\uc2ec(\u4fe1\u5fc3)\uc740 \ubc15\ud574\uc2dc\ub300 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc758 \u2018\ub300\uad70\ub300\ubd80\u2019(\u5927\u541b\u5927\u7236)\uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \u2018\uc560\uc8fc\ub9cc\uc720\uc9c0\uc0c1\uc801\u2019(\u611b\u4e3b\u842c\u6709\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684) \uc2e0\uc2ec\uc744 \ub300\ud45c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4. \uc784\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6a8\uc560\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc744 \ub300\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uad50\ud68c \uc7a5\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub611\uac19\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ucd9c\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c \uad50\ud68c \uc7a5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc21c\uc885\uc744 \uc120\uc11c\ud55c \uc774\ub798 \uc774 \uc120\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub05d\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucda9\uc2e4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc785\uad6d\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \uac1c\ucc99\ud558\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc8fd\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc544\ub2c8 \uc2ed\uc790\uac00\uc758 \uc8fd\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0(\uc21c\uad50) \uc21c\uc885\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \ud6a8\uc560\uc801 \uc21c\uad50\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud615\uc81c\uc640 \ubbfc\uc871\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub300\uc18d(\u4ee3\u8d16)\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc608\uc218\uc758 \uace0\ub09c \uc911\uc5d0 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c0\uace0 \ub610\ud55c \uace0\ub09c \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ub790\ub4ef\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c\ub3c4 \uace0\ub09c \uc911\uc5d0 \uc790\ub784 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\ub09c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c \uc6a9\uac10\ud788 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc744 \uc99d\uac70\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ub791 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ub85c \ubd09\uc0ac\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uad8c\uace0\ud574 \ub9c8\uc9c0\uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc758 \uc2b9\ub9ac\uc640 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \uad73\uac8c \ubbff\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uacb0\ubc15\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc625\uc5d0 \uac07\ud788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc601\uad11\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\uace0 \ub05d\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc608\uc218\uc758 \ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c \uc545\uc758 \uc138\ub825\uacfc \uc6a9\uac10\ud788 \uc2f8\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc6a9\uac10\ud788 \uc2f8\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub418\uba74 \ube44\ub85d \uadf8\uac00 \uae30\ubcf8\uad50\ub9ac\ub97c \ubaa8\ub97c\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\uc138 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc11c\uc2b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc131\ubaa8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc758 \uc2ec\uc2e0\uc740 \uac01\ubcc4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\uba74 \uc721\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub098 \ubc14\ub2e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub098 \uc131\ubaa8\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc744 \uccad\ud588\uace0, \ub610 \uadf8\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uc870\uae08\ub3c4 \uc758\uc2ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uadf9\ud55c \ud6a8\uc560 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubd80\ubaa8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \uacb0\ucf54 \uc78a\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud574\uc8fc\ub3c4\ub85d \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uce5c\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c \uac04\uace1\ud788 \ubd80\ud0c1\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub610\ud55c \ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc778\uac04\uc131\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\uc784\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc885\uad50\uc790\uc720\ub97c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \ubb38\ud638\ub97c \uac1c\ubc29\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubbfc\uc871\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc5ed\uc124\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8\ub294 \uad50\ud68c \ub0b4\uc758 \uc131\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc120\uac01\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\uc758 \uce6d\uc1a1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ub9c8\ub545\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] \uc0e4\ub97c\ub974 \ub2ec\ub808 \u539f\u8457, \u5b89\u61c9\uf99f \u00b7 \u5d14\u596d\u7950 \u8b6f\u8a3b, \u97d3\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6703\u53f2, \u4e0a \u00b7 \u4e2d \u00b7 \u4e0b, \ubd84\ub3c4\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 1979~1980 \/ Andre Kim, Missions-Etrangeres, Paris 1925 \/ Pro Corea(Collecta a R.P. Leone Pichon) Documenta \u671d\u9bae\u8056\u654e\u53f2\u6599; Pro Corea, Documenta \u671d\u9bae\u8056\u654e\u53f2\u6599; Pour la Coree Documents \u671d\u9bae\u8056\u654e\u53f2\u6599, ex Missione Seoul Corea, 1938 \/ \uf9e1\u5143\u6df3 \u00b7 \u8a31\u5bc5 \u7de8\u8457, \uf90a\u5927\u5efa\uc758 \u66f8\u7ff0, \u6b63\u97f3\u793e, 1975 \/ \uf90a\u4e5d\u9f0e, \u8056\u96c4 \uf90a\u5927\u5efa\u50b3 , \u4eac\u9115\u96dc\u8a8c\u793e, 1961 \/ \u9996\u5148\u9438\u5fb7 \uf90a\u5927\u5efa, \uba85\ub3d9\ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ud68c, 1942 \/ \uf90a\u5927\u5efa\u671d\u9bae\u5168\u5716, \u97d3\u570b\u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1975(\u975e\u8ce3\u54c1) \/ \u5d14\u596d\u7950, \uf90a\u5927\u5efa\uc758 \u671d\u9bae\u5168\u5716 \u00b7 \u97d3\u570b\u6587\u5316\uc758 \u8af8\u554f\u984c, \u570b\u969b\u6587\u5316\u8ca1\u5718\u51fa\u7248\u90e8, 1981. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uae40\ub300\uac74(1821~1846). \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80. \uc21c\uad50\uc790. \uc131\uc778(\u8056\u4eba). \ucd95\uc77c\uc740 9\uc6d4 20\uc77c. \uc138\ub840\uba85 \uc548\ub4dc\ub808\uc544. \uc544\uba85(\u5152\u540d)\uc740 \uc7ac\ubcf5(\u518d\u798f), \ubcf4\uba85(\u8b5c\u540d)\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd(\u829d\u690d), \ub300\uac74\uc740 \uad00\uba85(\u51a0\u540d)\uc778 \ub4ef. \ubcf8\uad00\uc740 \uae40\ud574(\u91d1\u6d77). 1. \uc0dd\uc560 : \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 1821\ub144 8\uc6d4 21\uc77c \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \uc194\ubafc(\ud604 \u5fe0\u5357 \u5510\u6d25\u90e1 \u725b\u6c5f\u9762 \u677e\u5c71\u7406)\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790 \uae40\uc81c\uc900(\u91d1\u6fdf\u4fca)\uacfc \uace0 \uc6b0\ub974\uc220\ub77c\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30