{"id":73336,"date":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_catholicdictionary_list\/5391"},"modified":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","slug":"tn_a_tn2_catholicdictionary_list_5391","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/?p=73336","title":{"rendered":"\ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9 [\ud55c] \u52de\u52d5\u904b\u52d5 [\uc601] labor movement"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \ub73b\uacfc \ubaa9\uc801 : \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub780 \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ub450 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ud55c \uacc4\uce35\uc740 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uc790\ubcf8\uac00 \uacc4\uce35\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c \uacc4\uce35\uc740 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uacc4\uce35\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774 \ub450 \uacc4\uce35\uc911\uac04\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \ub450 \uacc4\uce35\ub9cc\uc774 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ub69c\ub837\ud558\uac8c \ub300\ub9bd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uac00\ub294 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\ubcf8\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uacc4\uc640 \uc6d0\ub8cc\ub97c \uad6c\uc785\ud558\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c1\ud488\uc744 \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubc1c\ub2ec\ub85c \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc870\uc9c1\uc740 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uace0 \uc804\ubb38\uacbd\uc601\uc790\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc790\ubcf8\uac00\uc640\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc601\uc790\uac00 \ucd9c\ud604\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \ud1b5\uc194\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\ud560\uc740 \uacbd\uc601\uc790\uac00 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc5d0 \uc2e4\uad8c\uc744 \uac16\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc790\ubcf8\uac00\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc790\ubcf8\uac00\uc640 \uacbd\uc601\uc790\ub97c \ud1b5\uce6d\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. \ubc95\ub960\uc0c1 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ub300\ub4f1\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\uae08, \uc791\uc5c5\uc2dc\uac04, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uacc4\uc57d\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uacc4\uc57d\uccb4\uacb0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \uc57d\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc11c\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac19\uc774 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub294 \ub2e8\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub300\ucc98\ud55c\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc801 \uc694\uad6c, \uc989 \uc784\uae08 \ub4f1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74 \uc720\uc9c0 \uac1c\uc120\uc744 \uae30\ubcf8\ubaa9\ud45c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc790\ubcf8\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ub5b3\ub5b3\ud55c \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8\ub294 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc6b4\ub3d9, \ub458\uc9f8\ub294 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9(\u653f\u9ee8)\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uce58\uc6b4\ub3d9, \uc14b\uc9f8\ub294 \uc18c\ube44\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uac01\uc885 \ud611\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \uad00\ub828\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc870\uc9c1\ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd1d\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569, \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9, \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uc8fc\ucd95\uc758 \uac01\uc885 \ud611\ub3d9\uc870\ud569, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac01\uc885 \ub178\ub3d9\ubb38\ud654\ub2e8\uccb4 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uc5f0\uad6c\uae30\uad00\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc778\uc2dd\ub418\ub294 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub294 \u2018\uc815\uce58\ud65c\ub3d9 \uae08\uc9c0\uc870\ud56d\u2019, \u2018\uc81c3\uc790 \uac1c\uc785\uae08\uc9c0\uc870\ud56d\u2019 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\uc801 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c \uc870\uc9c1\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9 \uc989 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\ud55c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

2. \uc804\uac1c\uacfc\uc815 : \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uacf3\uc740 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud601\uba85\uc744 \ub9e8 \uba3c\uc800 \uc774\ub8e9\ud55c \uc601\uad6d\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc790\ub294 17\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18 \uc0c1\ud638\ubd80\uc870\uc640 \uce5c\ubaa9\uc758 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ub97c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \u2018\uc6b0\uc560\uc870\ud569\u2019(friendly society)\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc911\uc138\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc9c1\uc778\uce35(\u8077\u4eba\u5c64)\uc774 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc601\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uacf5\uc81c\uae30\ub2a5(\u5171\u6fdf\u6a5f\u80fd)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ubb3c\ub824\uc8fc\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. 18\uc138\uae30\ud6c4\ubc18 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud601\uba85\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5b4 \uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc218\uacf5\uc5c5 \uc9c1\uc778(\u8077\u4eba)\uc774 \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uac8c \ub418\uace0, \uc2e0\uc2dd \uae30\uacc4\uc640 \uacf5\uc7a5\uc81c \uacf5\uc5c5\uc774 \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7a1\uac8c \ub418\uc790 \uc774\uc5d0 \ubc18\uac10\uc744 \ud488\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uacf5\uc7a5\uae30\uacc4 \ud30c\uad34\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uacfc\uaca9\ud55c \uae30\uacc4\ud30c\uad34\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \u2018\ub7ec\ub2e4\uc774\ud2b8\uc6b4\ub3d9\u2019(Luddite movement)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc815\ubd80\ub294 1799\ub144 \u2018\ub2e8\uacb0\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\u2019\uc744 \uc81c\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud0c4\uc555\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 1822\ub144 \uc774 \ubc95\uc740 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\ub3c4 \uae09\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc5ec 1834\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 50\ub9cc\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \u2018\uc804\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019\uc774 \uacb0\uc131\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 1832\ub144 \uc81c\uc815\ub41c \uc2e0 \uc120\uac70\ubc95\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \ud488\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc120\uac70\uad8c \ud655\ub300\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub97c \u2018\ucc28\ud2f0\uc998(chartism)\uc6b4\ub3d9\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. 1844\ub144 \ub85c\uce58\ub370\uc77c\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 28\uba85\uc774 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \u2018\ub85c\uce58\ub370\uc77c \uac1c\ucc99\uc790 \uc870\ud569\u2019(Rochedale Society of Equitable Pioneers)\uc740 \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc18c\ube44\ud611\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc18c\ube44\ud611\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud55c \uae30\ub2a5\uc774 \ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \uc810\ucc28 \uc548\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc790\ub9ac \uc7a1\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, 1851\ub144 \u2018\ud569\ub3d9\uae30\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\u2019\uc744 \uc2dc\ubc1c\ub85c \uad11\uc0b0, \uc12c\uc720, \uac74\ucd95 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \u2018\uc9c1\uc885\ubcc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\u2019(craft union)\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc219\ub828\uc9c1\uacf5\uc774 \ub2e8\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uad8c\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 18\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\ubd80\ud130 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \ube44\ud310\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\ub3c4 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc11c\uad6c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1847\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc640 \uc5e5\uac94\uc2a4\uac00 \uacf5\uc0c1\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uacb0\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uc744 \uacb0\uc131\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c \ud574\uc5d0\ub294 \uacf5\uc0b0\ub2f9\uc120\uc5b8\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\uc73c\ub098, 1851\ub144 \uc774 \uc870\uc9c1\uc740 \ud574\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub4a4 1864\ub144 \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc81c1\ucc28 \uc778\ud130\ub0b4\uc154\ub110, 1889\ub144 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc81c2\ucc28 \uc778\ud130\ub0b4\uc154\ub110\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1, \uacc4\uc18d \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uc640 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uad6d\uc81c\uc801 \ub2e8\uacb0 \uac15\ud654\uc5d0 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ub0b4\ubd80 \ubd84\uc5f4\uacfc 1\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \ubd95\uad34\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

2\ucc28 \uc138\uacc4\ub300\uc804\uc774 \ub05d\ub09c \ub4a4 1945\ub144 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uc138\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019(World Federation of Trade Unions)\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ub3d9\uc11c\uac04\uc758 \uc774\ub150\uc801 \ub300\ub9bd\uc73c\ub85c \uc11c\ubc29 \uc790\uc720\uc138\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \ud0c8\ud1f4\ud558\uc5ec 1949\ub144 \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uad6d\uc81c \uc790\uc720\ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019(International Confederation of Free Trade Unions)\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1, \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \uc88c\uc775\uc758 W.F.T.U.\uc640 \uc790\uc720\uc9c4\uc601\uc758 I.C.F.T.U.\uac00 \uad6d\uc81c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 1920\ub144 \uc720\ub7fd \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc740 \u2018\uad6d\uc81c \uae30\ub3c5\uad50 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019(International Federation of Christian Trade Unions)\uc744 \uacb0\uc131\ud558\uace0, 1968\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ud655\uc7a5\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \u2018\uc138\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019(World Confederation of Labour)\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\uce6d\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uba74\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \ubc94\uc885\uad50\uc801 \uad6d\uc81c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc720\ub7fd \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \uc8fc\ucd95\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c \ub178\ub3d9\ub2f9\uc774 \ub2e8\ub3c5 \uc9d1\uad8c\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc5f0\ub9bd\uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc138\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\ubc1c\uc0dd\uc801 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc9c1\uc801 \uacc4\ud68d\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0 \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \ucd9c\ud604\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc678\ub798\uc790\ubcf8 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc790\ubcf8\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc5d0 \uc9c4\ucd9c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ucd08\ucc3d\uae30 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ubbfc\uc871\ud574\ubc29\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 3.1\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c \ub4a4 \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uc870\uc9c1\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uae68\ub2eb\uac8c \ub41c \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 1920\ub144 \u2018\uc870\uc120 \ub178\ub3d9\uacf5\uc81c\ud68c\u2019\uac00 \uacb0\uc131\ub418\uace0 \uc774\ud6c4 1923\ub144 \u2018\uc870\uc120 \ub178\ub18d\ub3d9\ub9f9(\uf92f\u8fb2\u540c\u76df)\u2019\uacfc 1926\ub144 \u2018\uc870\uc120 \ub178\ub3d9\ucd1d\ub3d9\ub9f9\u2019 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uba85\ub9e5\uc740 \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \uc654\ub2e4. 1945\ub144 \uad11\ubcf5\uc744 \ub9de\uc544 \uadf8\ud574 12\uc6d4 \u2018\uc870\uc120 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc804\uad6d\ud3c9\uc758\ud68c(\uc804\ud3c9)\u2019\uac00 \ubc1c\uc871\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \u2018\uc804\ud3c9\u2019\uc774 \ub0a8\ub85c\ub2f9(\u5357\u52de\u9ee8)\uc758 \uc804\uc704\ub300\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c\ud63c\ub780\ub9cc\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\uc2dc\ud0a4\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 1946\ub144 3\uc6d4 \u2018\ub300\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ucd1d\uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1954\ub144 4\uc6d4 \uadf8 \uba85\uce6d\uc744 \u2018\ub300\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ucd1d\uc5f0\ud569\ud68c\u2019\ub85c \uace0\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc81c1 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d \ub54c\ub294 \u2018\ub300\ud55c\ub178\ucd1d\u2019\uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub2f9(\u81ea\u7531\u9ee8) \uc815\uad8c\uc758 \uc804\uc704\ub300 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub2e4\uac00 5.16\uad70\uc0ac \ucfe0\ub370\ud0c0\ub85c \ud574\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc77c\uc2dc \uadf8 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1961\ub144 8\uc6d4 \u2018\ud55c\uad6d \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ucd1d\uc5f0\ub9f9\u2019(\u97d3\u570b\uf92f\u7e3d)\uc740 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc7ac\uac1c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0b0\ubcc4\ub178\uc870(\u7523\u5225\u52de\u7d44)\uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc911\ub9bd\uc744 \ud45c\ubc29\ud558\uc5ec \ud604\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc5ec\uac74 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ubd80 \u00b7 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \u00b7 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc138 \uc8fc\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub4ec\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774 \uc0bc\uc790\uac00 \uac78\uc5b4\uc628 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uccb4\ud5d8\uacfc \uae30\ub2a5\uc0c1\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\uc131\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc790\uc5f0\ubc1c\uc0dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ub41c \ub2e4\ub978 \ub098\ub77c \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uada4\uc801\uacfc\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

3. \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 : \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ub113\uc740 \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc740 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5, \uc5ed\uc0ac, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc6b0\uc120 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc77c\ubc18 \ub178\ub3d9\ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf8 \ub4a4 \ub17c\uc758\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\ud55c\uc2dc\ucf1c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ub178\ub3d9\ub2e8\uccb4\ub780 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uac01\uc885 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\ub2e8\uccb4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c1\ud638\ubd80\uc870 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uacf5\uc81c\uc870\ud569, \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc18c\ube44\uc0dd\ud65c, \uc8fc\ud0dd\ubb38\uc81c \ubc0f \uae08\uc735\ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uac01\uc885 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569, \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \uc8fc\ucd95\uc774 \ub41c \uac01\uc885 \ubb38\ud654\uad50\uc721 \ub2e8\uccb4\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc801 \uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc8fc\ub3c4\ub418\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub178\ub3d9\ub2e8\uccb4\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc8fc\ub41c \uc5ed\ud560\uc740 \uc815\uce58\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ud1b5\ud569\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\ub2e8\uccb4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \uc790\uc8fc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704 \ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud56d\uad6c\uc801 \uc870\uc9c1\uc744 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc744 \uacb0\uc131\ud558\uace0 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc591\uc2dd\uc774 \uac00\uc838\uc624\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \uc18c\uae30\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ud65c\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc740 \ub2e8\uccb4\uad50\uc12d(\u5718\u9ad4\u4ea4\u6d89)\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uccb4\uad50\uc12d\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e8\uacb0\ub825\uc744 \ubc30\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \uc774 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uace0 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

1851\ub144 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\uc131\ub41c \u2018\ud569\ub3d9\uae30\uacc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\u2019\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \u2018\uc9c1\uc885\ubcc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\u2019\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc9c1\uc885\ubcc4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc740 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc9c1\uc885\uc758 \uc219\ub828\uacf5\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1 \uaddc\ubaa8\ub294 \uc791\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc5f0\ub300\uc758\uc2dd\uc774 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \ub3c5\uc810\ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uba74\uc11c \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc758 \uace0\ub3c4\ud654 \ubcf5\uc7a1\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \uae30\uc5c5 \uc548\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 \uc9c1\uc885\ubcc4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5b4 \ud1b5\uc77c\ub41c \ud798\uc758 \uc57d\ud654\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc654\uace0, \ucd5c\uc2e0 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc124\ube44\uc640 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uacfc\uc815\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\ud654\ub85c \ubbf8\uc219\ub828 \ubc18\uc219\ub828 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9\uc774 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uc885\ubcc4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc740 \uadf8 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc774 \uc810\ucc28 \uac10\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\uc774 \ucd9c\ud604\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub97c \u2018\uc0b0\uc5c5\ubcc4(\u7523\u696d\u5225) \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\u2019 (industrial union)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0b0\uc5c5\ubcc4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc740 \ub3d9\uc885 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \uc9c1\uc885\uc774\ub098 \uc219\ub828\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \ub2e8\uc77c\uc870\ud569\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc9c1\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uad50\uc12d\ub825\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc740 5.16\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\ubcc4 \ub610\ub294 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ubcc4 \uc870\uc9c1\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uadf8 \ub4a4 \uc7ac\uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc0b0\uc5c5\ubcc4 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5b4\uc838 17\uac1c\uc758 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ubcc4 \uc804\uad6d\uc870\uc9c1\uc774 \u2018\ud55c\uad6d\ub178\ucd1d\u2019\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1980\ub144 12\uc6d4 31\uc77c \u2018\ud56d\ub9cc\ub178\uc870\u2019\uc640 \uc6b4\uc218\ub178\uc870\uac00 \ud1b5\ud569, \u2018\uc804\uad6d \ud56d\uc6b4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\ud3b8\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud604\uc7ac \u2018\ud55c\uad6d\ub178\ucd1d\u2019\uc740 16\uac1c\uc758 \uc804\uad6d \uc0b0\ubcc4\uc870\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

4. \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95 : \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \uc624\ub79c \uae30\uac04\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ud655\ubcf4\ud55c \uac83\uc758 \ud558\ub098\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\ubcf4\ud638\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uc885\ub958\ub97c \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc774\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c \uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uaddc\uc728\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874\uacfc \uad8c\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uaddc\ub97c \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95\uc740 \uadfc\ub300 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ubc95\uc758 \uadfc\uac04\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc7ac\uc0b0\uad8c\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uacfc \uacc4\uc57d\uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc131\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \uc218\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc0dd\uaca8\ub09c \uac83\uc774\ub77c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95\uc740 \ubd80\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc5f0\uc18c\ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \ub4f1 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uacc4\uce35\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ud604\uc7ac\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc785\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uad6c\ubbf8 \uac01\uad6d\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95 \uc81c\uc815\uacfc \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc900 \uac83\uc740 \ub808\uc624 13\uc138 \uad50\ud669\uc758 \ud68c\uce59 <\ub178\ub3d9\ud5cc\uc7a5>\uacfc \uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc5ed\ub300 \uad50\ud669\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud68c\uce59(\u793e\u6703\u56de\u52c5)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc758 \ub178\ub3d9\ubc95\uc740 \uadf8 \uc801\uc6a9\ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac1c\ubcc4\ubcf4\ud638\ubc95\uacfc \uc9d1\ub2e8\ubcf4\ud638\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uacfc \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc77c\uc815 \uc218\uc900 \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ucd5c\uc800 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\uad8c\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc2dc\ud589\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\u2019, \u2018\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc548\uc804\ubcf4\uac74\ubc95\u2019, \u2018\uc9c1\uc5c5\ud6c8\ub828\ubc95\u2019\uacfc \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uc7ac\ud574\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud55c \ubcf4\uc0c1\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc81c\uc815\ub41c \u2018\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc7ac\ud574\ubcf4\uc0c1\ubcf4\ud5d8\ubc95\u2019\ub4f1\uc774 \uac1c\ubcc4\ubcf4\ud638\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \ub2e8\uacb0\uad8c, \ub2e8\uccb4\uad50\uc12d\uad8c, \ub2e8\uccb4\ud589\ub3d9\uad8c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \u2018\ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\ubc95\u2019, \ub178\ub3d9\uc7c1\uc758\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ub178\uc0ac\ubd84\uaddc\ub97c \uacf5\uc815\ud558\uac8c \uc870\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \u2018\ub178\ub3d9\uc7c1\uc758\uc870\uc815\ubc95\u2019, \ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc815\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\uc640 \ub178\uc0ac\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9cc\ud55c \uc870\uc808\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc900 \uc0ac\ubc95\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uacfc \uc870\uc815\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \uc124\uce58\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c\uc11c \u2018\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ubc95\u2019, \ub178\uc0ac\uac04\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uc640 \ud611\uc870\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\uc0ac \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc99d\uc9c4\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uba70 \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud3c9\ud654\ub97c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \u2018\ub178\uc0ac\ud611\uc758\ud68c\ubc95\u2019 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc9d1\ub2e8\ubcf4\ud638\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4. (\uf90a\u6f01\u76f8)<\/p>\n

[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum, Vatican 1891 \/ Pope Pius XI, Quadragesimo Anno, Vatican 1937 \/ W.Z. Foster, American Trade Unionism, 1947 \/ G.D.H. Cole, A Short History of the British Working Class Movement 1789~1947, 1952 \/ G. Lefranc, Le Syndicalisme en France, 1953 \/ R. Boyer \uff06 H.M. Morais, Labor’s Untold History, 1955 \/ J. Bruhat et M. Piolot, Esquisse d’une histoire de la C. G. T., 1958. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. \ub73b\uacfc \ubaa9\uc801 : \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774\ub780 \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \uc784\uae08\ub178\ub3d9\uc790 \uacc4\uce35\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0 \uac1c\uc120\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ub450 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ud55c \uacc4\uce35\uc740 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uc790\ubcf8\uac00 \uacc4\uce35\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c \uacc4\uce35\uc740 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tn-board-catholicdictionary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=73336"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/73336\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=73336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=73336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=73336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}