1. \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uc5b4\uc758 : \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9d0\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774\ub780 \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc740 \uc11c\uad6c\uc5b4 \uc989 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc758 atheismus\ub97c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud55c \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc774\uba70 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc758 atheismus\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc5b4\uc758 atheos\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub798\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uac1c\ub150 \ubc0f \uad6c\ubd84 : \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc720\uc2e0\ub860 \uc989 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc778\uc815\uce58 \uc54a\ub294 \ud559\uc124\uacfc \uc0dd\ud65c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ucd1d\uce6d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc11c\uad6c \uc0ac\uc870\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 \uadfc\uc138\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c \uba85\ubc31\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc2e0\uc131(\u795e\u6027) \ud639\uc740 \uc2e0\uc801(\u795e\u7684)\uc778 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac70\ubd80\uc774\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc704\uaca9\uc801(\u4f4d\u683c\u7684, personal)\uc874\uc7ac\uc774\uba70, \uc778\uac04\uacfc \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\ub294 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac, \ucc3d\uc870\uc8fc\uc774\uba70 \uc12d\ub9ac\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc778 \uc2e0, \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uae30\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uae30\ub3c4\ud558\uace0 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc744 \ubc14\uccd0 \uc11c\ub85c \uad50\ub958\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc801 \uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb34\uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc801 \uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\ub3c4 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uae30\uc2e4 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc591\uc0c1\uc744 \ub764\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc2e0\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc0dd\ud65c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc2e0\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0ac\ub294 \uc0dd\ud65c\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc5d0\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc0c1\ub300\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub3c4 \uc2e0\uc131(\u795e\u6027)\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815\uce58 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub354 \uc138\ubd84\ub418\uc5b4 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc18c\uadf9\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc2e0\uacfc \uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \ubb34\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc870\uc7a1\ud558\uac8c \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0[\ub8e8\uc18c(J.J. Rousseau)\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0]\uc640 \ubb34\uad00\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc[\ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70(M. Heidegger)\ub098 \ud06c\ub85c\uccb4(B. Croce)\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0]\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uacfc \uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0[\uc5d0\ud53c\ucfe0\ub85c\uc2a4(Epikuros), \ub77c \uba54\ud2b8\ub9ac(J. La Mettrie), \ud3ec\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\ubc14\ud558(L. Feuerbach), \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4(K.H. Marx), \ub2c8\uccb4(F. Nietzsche), \uc288\ud2f0\ub974\ub108(M. Stirner) \ub4f1\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0]\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc5d0 \uc804\ud22c\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc744 \ucca8\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc804\ud22c\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \uc544\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uba70 \uadf8 \ubc15\uba78\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\ucc9c\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc804\ud22c\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc778\uc815\uce58 \uc54a\uc73c\ub098 \uc2e0\uc131\uacfc \uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\uc9c0\ub860\uc790(\uc2e4\uc99d\ub860\uc790), \ubc94\uc2e0\ub860\uc790(\uc2a4\ud53c\ub178\uc790), \uc774\uc2e0\ub860\uc790(\u7406\u795e\u8ad6\u8005) \uc989 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2e0\ub860\uc790 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc18d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ubc16\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc2e0\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ucc3d\uc870\ud574 \uac00\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uc790\ub9cc\uc790\uc871\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc694\uccad\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860, \uc2e0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc81c\uae30\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uc870\ucc28 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\uc2ec\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860, \uc545(\ubd88\ud589)\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc801 \uace0\ucc30 : \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uaddc\uc900\uc744 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \ub450\ub290\ub0d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub3c4 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uad00\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \ubd88\uad50 \u00b7 \uc720\uad50 \ub4f1\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc5f0\uc8fc\uc758, \ubc94\uc2e0\ub860, \ubd88\uac00\uc9c0\ub860, \uc2e4\uc99d\uc8fc\uc758, \uc2e4\uc6a9\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1 \ub4f1\ub4f1\uc774 \ub2e4 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub4e4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc2e0\uad00\uc744 \ub354 \ud3ed \ub113\uac8c \ubcf8\ub2e4\uba74 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uadf8\ub7f0 \uac83\ub9cc\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc2dc\ub300\uc801 \uc591\uc0c1 \uc5ec\ud558\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uc591\ud0dc\uac00 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubaa8\ud638\uc131\uacfc \ub09c\uc810\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc801\uc774\ub77c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb34\uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uba87\uc744 \uac04\ucd94\ub824 \uc18c\uac1c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub098 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc2dc\uae30 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc911\uc138\uc5d0\ub294 \ub113\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc0c9\ucc44\ub97c \ub764 \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadfc\uc138\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \uc591\ud0dc\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc218\ud559\uc790\uc774\uba70 \ucca0\ud559\uc790\uc778 \ub370\uce74\ub974\ud2b8(R. Descartes)\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uba85\uc11d \ud310\uba85\ud55c \uc774\ub150\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\uc5ec \u201c\ub098\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ub098\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d(cogito ergo sum)\ub294 \uba85\uc81c\ub97c \uc815\ub9bd\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uadf8\ub294 \uc9c4\ub9ac\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uc790\uba85\uc131\uacfc \uc0ac\uace0\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub0b4\uc7ac(\u5167\u5728)\uc5d0\ub85c\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0 \ud2b9\ud788 cogito\ub294 \uadf8 \ud6c4 3\uc138\uae30\ub77c\ub294 \uae34 \ub3c4\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uba70 \ud569\ub9ac\ub860, \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860, \uad00\ub150\ub860, \uc720\ubb3c\ub860, \ud604\uc0c1\ub860, \uc2e4\uc874\uc8fc\uc758 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\uce58\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac00\uc9c0\uac00\uc9c0\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc628 \uc0b0\ucd9c\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ub370\uce74\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \ud559\uc124\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uae30\uacc4\ub860\uc801 \uc778\uc2dd \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ube44\ub09c\uc744 \ubc1b\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ud559\uc124\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc740 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uacfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \uadf8 \ubc95\uce59\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc124\uba85\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \ud37c\uc5d0\ub974 \ubca0\uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 \ud750\ub984\uc740 \uc774\uc2e0\ub860(\u7406\u795e\u8ad6)\uacfc \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc740 \uc2e4\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd88\uac00\uc9c0\ub860 \ub0b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac70\ubd80\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uba70 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uac01\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uace0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ud750\ub984\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uc791\uac00 \ubcfc\ud14c\ub974(Voltaire)\uc640 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00 \uc874 \ud1a8\ub09c\ub4dc\uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\ub300\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc73c\uba70 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc9c8\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc0dd\uae30\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc9c8\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc790\uccb4 \ucda9\uc871\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uac8c\ub054 \uc2dc\ub300 \uc0ac\uc870\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
18\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc694\uccad\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \ub760\uba70 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \ub3cc\ubc15(P.H. D’Holbach) \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc544\uc8fc \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub3cc\ubc15\uc740 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc790\ub97c \uc778\ub958\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud658\uc0c1\uacfc \ub9dd\uc0c1\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub3cc\ubc15\uc740 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc801 \uccb4\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uba70 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \uc6d0\uc790\uc640 \uc6d0\uc790\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud658\uc6d0\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ubb34\uc775\ud558\uace0 \ud574\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac00\uc124\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4. \ub3cc\ubc15\uc740 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc744 \uc778\uac04 \ud589\ubcf5\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub77c \uba54\ud2b8\ub9ac\ub294 \ub370\uce74\ub974\ud2b8\uc758 \uae30\uacc4\ub860\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc601\uc591\uc0dd\ud65c, \uac10\uac01\uc0dd\ud65c, \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00\uc11c\ub294 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc0dd\ud65c \ub4f1 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc804 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc2e0\uacbd\uacc4\ud1b5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub3c5\uc77c \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc989 \uad00\ucc30\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \ub118\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubbff\uc74c\uc744 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc5ed\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uc790\uc871\uc131\ub9cc\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc120\ud5d8\uc801 \ud751\uc740 \ube44\ud310\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc758 \ucc3d\uc2dc\uc790\uc778 \uce78\ud2b8\ub3c4 \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc21c\uc218\uc774\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc99d\uba85\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc740 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801\uc778 \uba74 \uc989 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uccad\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 18\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c \ub354\uc6b1 \uc644\uc804\ud558\uac8c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud750\ub984\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d \uadfc\uc138\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uc778\uac04\uc911\uc2ec\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\ub85c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \ud3ec\ub974\ubca0\ub975\uc740 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \uac16\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \uc138\uacc4\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc57c\ucf54\ube44(C.G. Jacobi)\ub294 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \ube44\ub09c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc639\ud638\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc744 17\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\ub860\uc790\uc778 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub178\uc790(B. de Spinoza)\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ud559\uc124\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud53c\ud788\ud14c(J.G. Fichte)\uc640 \uc178\ub9c1(F.W.J. von Schelling)\ub3c4 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc790\ub85c \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc178\ub9c1\uc774 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub178\uc790\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc2e0\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc0b0\ucd9c\uc131\uacfc \uc2e0\uc131\ud55c \uadfc\uc6d0\uc801 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc790\uc5f0\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub178\uc790\uc758 \uc2ec\ub300\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 19\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub300 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc790\uc778 \ud5e4\uac94(G.F.W. Hegel)\uc5d0\uac8c \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \uc694\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud5e4\uac94\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc8c\uc368 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ub450 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud574 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc9c4\ub9ac\uc758 \uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uc21c\uc218\uac1c\ub150 \uc989 \ucca0\ud559\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc740 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc774\ub098 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uadc0\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc774\uace0 \ub458\uc9f8\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc758 \uc591\ud0dc\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ub193\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc740 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc758 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a8\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc138\uacc4 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc2e0\uc740 \uc2e0\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud3ec\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\ubc14\ud558\ub294 \ud5e4\uac94\uc88c\ud30c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uba70 \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ucc3d\uc870\uc790\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\uc2dd\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc744 \uac10\uac01\uc801 \uc9c1\uc811\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc744 \ubb34\ud55c\ud654\ud55c \uac83 \uc678\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc744 \ubb34\ud55c\ud654\ud558\uc5ec \uc885\uad50\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\ub294 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub97c \uac16\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc21c\uc804\ud788 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c8 \ubfd0\uc774\uba70 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc774 \uc778\uac04\uc744 \ucc3d\uc870\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc2e0\uc744 \ucc3d\uc870\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc740 \ud658\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uc744 \ucc3d\uc870\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\ubc14\ud558\uc758 \uc2e0\uad00\uc740 \u201c\uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc81c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc758 \ubcc0\uc99d\ubc95\uc801 \uc0ac\uc801 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc744 \uc694\uc57d \uc81c\uc2dc\ucf54\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\ubc14\ud558\uc758 \uc778\uac04\ud559\uc801 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc815\uc801(\u975c\u7684)\uc778 \uac10\uac01\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uc2e0\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc124\uba85\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uad00\ub150\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc21c\uc804\ud788 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc21c\uc804\ud788 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uad6c\uc131\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc870\uac74\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc758 \uae30\ucd08 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ucc30\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\ubc14\ud558\ub294 \ud5e4\uac94\uacfc \ubcc4\ub85c \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \uc885\uad50\ub97c \uc758\uc2dd\uc758 \ub0b4\uba74\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uc124\uba85\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc81c\uac70\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640\ub294 \ubc18\ub300\ub85c \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758 \ubcc0\uc99d\ubc95\uc740 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \uc0ac\uace0 \uc77c\ubc18\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uc744 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uad00\uacc4 \ud639\uc740 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc555\ub825\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ucc30\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc77c\ubc18\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774\uba70 \uc0ac\uace0 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud654\ub294 \uc0ac\uc801 \ud2b9\uc218 \uc870\uac74\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4. \uae30\uc2e4 \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uacfc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub0ae\uc740 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\uc57d\ub418\uc5b4 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc6d0(\u539f)\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2cc\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc885\uad50\ub3c4 \ucc29\ucde8\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ucc29\ucde8\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uc639\ud638\ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc758 \ubc29\ud328\uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uad00\uc810\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc885\uad50\uc815\ucc45\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc885\uad50\ubc15\uba78\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc801 \uc694\uc778\uc774\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc778\uac04 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc758 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801 \uc2e4\ud604\uc774\uba70 \uc778\uac04 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc740 \uc885\uad50 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub3c4 \uac16\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc18c\uc678\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ub760\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\ub294 \ubd88\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \ub20c\ub9b0 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc758 \ud0c4\uc2dd\uc774\uba70 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc5c6\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc2ec\uc815\uc774\uba70 \uc815\uc2e0\uc5c6\ub294 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc778\ubbfc\uc758 \uc544\ud3b8\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\ubbfc\uc758 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801 \ud589\ubcf5\uc778 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \ud0c4\uc555\uc740 \ucc38\ub41c \ud589\ubcf5\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc774\ub2e4. \uc885\uad50\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc740 \ubc95\uc758 \ube44\ud310, \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \ube44\ud310, \uc815\uce58\uc758 \ube44\ud310 \ub4f1\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ube44\ud310\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc778\uac04\ud574\ubc29\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \ud55c \ud604\uc0c1 \uc989 \uc0c1\ucda9\uad6c\uc870\uc758 \ud55c \ud604\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ud5e4\ub77c\ud074\ub808\uc774\ud1a0\uc2a4(Herakleitos)\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub04a\uc784\uc5c6\ub294 \uc0dd\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba70 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc815\uc9c0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0dd\uc131\uc740 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ub354 \ud070 \uc9c4\ud654\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574\uac00\ub294 \uc0b6\uc774\uba70 \ud798\uc5d0\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \ucd08\uc778\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc6d0\uc0c1(\u706b)\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\ub3cc\uc544\uac00\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ub610 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uac19\uc740 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ubc18\ubcf5\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc740 \ub05d\uc5c6\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8\ub294 \uc601\uac81\ud68c\uadc0\uc124\uc744 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc740 \uc601\uc6d0\uc131\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 \uc2e0\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac\ub97c \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub17c\uc99d\ucf54\uc790 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uae30\uc2e4 \uc2e0\uc874\uc7ac \uc2e0\ub150\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\ud574\ud558\uba70 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\ub825\uc5d0 \uce58\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc758 \ube44\uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc0dd\uba85\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc2e0\uc559\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uac00\uce58 \ubd80\uc815\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70 \ub610 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2e0\uc559\uc740 \uc0dd\uba85\uc758 \uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 ‘\uc2e0\uc740 \uc8fd\uc5c8\ub2e4’\ub77c\ub294 \ud45c\ud604\uc73c\ub85c \ub110\ub9ac \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974(J.P. Sartre)\ub294 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc2e4\uc874\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\ucc3d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ucf54\uae30\ud1a0(Cogito)\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc120\ud589\ud558\uba70 \uadf8 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc740 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc778\uac04 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \ubcf8\uc5f0\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \uc131\ub9bd\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc2e0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc0dd\uc790\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc77c \uc2e0\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \ub098\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ub098\ub294 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc548\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc2e0\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ubb34\ud654\ub85c\uc11c \uc790\uae30\ub97c \uc2e4\ud604\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubb34\ud654\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801 \ud639\uc740 \ubcf8\ub798\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc2e0\uc744 \ubc30\uc81c\ud558\uac8c \ub9c8\ub828\uc774\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc2e0\uc740 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uc77c \uac83\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \u201c\uac01\uae30\uc758 \uc778\uac04 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub300\uc790\ub97c \u2018\uc989\uc790(\u537d\u81ea) – \ub300\uc790(\u5c0d\u81ea)\u2019\ub85c \ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801 \uae30\ub3c4\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \u2026 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\uac04 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uadf8\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uac16\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub610 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc6b0\uc5f0\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \ud0c8\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc989\uc790 \uc989 \uc885\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uc790\uae30\uc6d0\uc778\uc790(ens causa sui)\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc790\uae30\ub97c \uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c \uc218\ub09c\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc218\ub09c\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc218\ub09c\uc758 \uc5ed(\u9006)\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc2e0\uc758 \uad00\ub150\uc740 \ubaa8\uc21c\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uba70 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \ubb34\uc775\ud558\uac8c \uc783\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9b0\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc740 \ubb34\uc775\ud55c \ud55c \uc218\ub09c\uc774\ub2e4.\u201d \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uaddc\uc815\uc9d3\ub294\ub2e4. \u201c\uc2e4\uc874\uc8fc\uc758\ub780 \uc77c\uad00\ub41c \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \ub0b4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub178\ub825 \uc678\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e4\uc874\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc2e0\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ub178\ub825\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc2e0\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4 \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \ubcc0\ud654\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc120\uc5b8\ud55c\ub2e4. \u2026 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2e0\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubbff\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc7ac\ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uba70 \ub610 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\uc774 \uc788\uc744\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uc778\uac04 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0\uc11c \uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud655\uc2e0\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\u201d<\/p>\n
\ub4c0\uc774(J. Dewey)\ub294 \uc2e0\uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc6d0\ub9dd(\u9858\u671b)\uacfc \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ub4c0\uc774\ub294 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801 \uc778\uaca9\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc2e0\uc744 \uc778\uc815\uce58 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc740 \uc7ac\ub798 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \uc2e4\uccb4\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc591\ud0dc\uc758 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801 \uac00\uce58\uc758 \ud1b5\uc77c\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\ub294 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud1b5\uc77c\uc740 \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uc0c1\uc0c1\uc758 \uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \uc218\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0dd\uae30\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uad00\ub828\ub41c\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ub4c0\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc7ac\ub798\uc758 \uc2e0\uad00\ub150\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc0b0\ubb3c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad6c\uc870\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\uc2e0, \ubb34\uc2e0 \uc911 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud55c \ucabd\uc758 \ud544\uc5f0\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc88c\uc775\uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub4e4\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc870\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ubb34\uc2e0\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ub764\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc720\uc2e0\ub860 : \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc774 \uc9c0\uad6c\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uace0\ud558\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \uc774\ub798 \uc778\ub958\uc0ac\uace0\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0(\u4e45\u9060)\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4. \uadfc\uc138\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc624\ub298\uc758 20\uc138\uae30 \ud6c4\ubc18\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ubcc0\uc99d\ubc95\uc801 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac77\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc720\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubd80\uc815\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uc815\uc758\uc801(\u60c5\u610f\u7684) \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ub300\ub450, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud604\uae08\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c\ub294 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubd80\uc815 \ud639\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc720\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \ud5cc\ub300\ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uc885\ud569\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub370\uce74\ub974\ud2b8 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc904\uace7 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub0b4\uc7ac\ub85c \uce58\ub2eb\ub358 \uc778\ub958\uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uacbd\ud5d8\ud604\uc0c1\ub860, \uc758\uc2dd\ud604\uc0c1\ub860, \uac10\uac01\ub860, \uc720\ubb3c\ub860, \uc2e4\uc874\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \ub0b4\uc7ac – \ucd08\uc6d4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\ub85c, \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc5d0\ub85c\uc758 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc804\ud658\uacfc \uae38\uc744 \uac19\uc774\ud55c\ub2e4. \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uadf8\ub7f4 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uacfc\ud559\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub3c4 \uc774\ub7f0 \ub9e5\ub77d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc815\ub9bd\ub418\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac77\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc9c0\ub09c \uc5b4\ub290 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uacfc\ud559\uc740 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ud559\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ub610 \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uacfc\ud559\uc744 \uc801\ub300\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\ub294 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uac00\uce58\ubb38\uc81c, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ubb38\uc81c, \uc724\ub9ac\ubb38\uc81c, \uc874\uc7ac\ub860 \ubb38\uc81c \ub4f1\ub4f1 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud559\ubb38\uc801 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uacfc\ud559\uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ubb38\uc81c \uc989 \uacfc\ud559\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc744 \ubab0\uc544\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc778\uac04\uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc548\ub77d\ud55c \uc0b6\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba70 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2dc\uacf5\uc744 \uc8fc\ub984\uc7a1\ub294 \ud658\uc0c1\uc801 \ubbf8\ub798\ub97c \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc778\uac04\ubb38\ud654 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \ud06c\uac8c \uc774\ubc14\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220\uc758 \ubb34\uada4\ub3c4\ud55c \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \uc778\ub958\uba78\ub9dd\uc758 \ud575\uacf5\ud3ec\uc640 \uc790\uc5f0\uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \ud63c\ub780\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uc804\uba74\uc801 \ud30c\uba78\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ubb3c\uace0 \uc654\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uacfc\ud559\uacfc \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0b6 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc885\uad50\uc640 \uacfc\ud559\uc774 \uc81c \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7a1\uace0 \uc0c1\ud638\ubcf4\ucda9\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uac04\uc644\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ud544\uc694\uc5d0 \ubab0\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc2e0\ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc2e0\ub860\uacfc \uc774\ub7f0 \uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \ubd80\uc815\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud604\ub300\ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \ucd9c\ud604\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc2e0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc2e0\uc2e0\ud559\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub4e4\uacfc \uc804\ud1b5\uc2e0\ub860\uacfc\uc758 \uc885\ud569\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub418\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. (\u912d\u7fa9\u91c7)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, II, 1928 \/ Reallexikon fur Antike und Christentum, I, 1950 \/ Sacramentum Mundi, I, 1964 \/ Encyclopedia filosofica, I, 1968 \/ Encyclopedia Britanica(by C. Fabro, Atheism), I, 1974 \/ T.J.J. Altizer and W. Hamilton, Radical Theology and the Death of God, 1966 \/ E. Bloch, Atheismus im Christentum, 1968 \/ L. Koch, Humanistischer Atheismus, 1971 \/ J.B. Lotz, Atheismus kritisch betrachtet, 1971 \/ J. Kigl, Atheismus als theologsches Problem, 1977 \/ Gotthold Hasenhuttl, Einfuhrung in die Gotteslehre, 1980(\uc2ec\uc0c1\ud0dc \uc5ed, 1983) \/ \uc815\uc758\ucc44, \u5b58\u5728\uc758 \u6839\u64da\u554f\u984c, 1981 \/ \uc815\uc758\ucc44 \uc678, \u73fe\u4ee3\u7121\u795e\u8ad6, 1982. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc758 \uc5b4\uc758 : \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub9d0\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774\ub780 \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc740 \uc11c\uad6c\uc5b4 \uc989 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc758 atheismus\ub97c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud55c \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc774\uba70 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\uc758 atheismus\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc5b4\uc758 atheos\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub798\ud55c\ub2e4. 2. \uac1c\ub150 \ubc0f \uad6c\ubd84 : \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \uc720\uc2e0\ub860 \uc989 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc778\uc815\uce58 \uc54a\ub294 \ud559\uc124\uacfc \uc0dd\ud65c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ucd1d\uce6d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc11c\uad6c \uc0ac\uc870\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc740 \ud2b9\ud788 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30