\uac15\uc81c\ub825\uacfc \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ud0c4\uc555\ud589\uc704\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub098\uc11c\uc11c \ud560 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ubb35\uc778 \uc544\ub798 \uad70\uc911\uc744 \uc120\ub3d9\ud558\uc5ec \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \ubc30\uad50(\u80cc\u654e)\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0, \uc2e0\uc559 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ub9d0\uc0b4\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uad6c\uc57d\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ubc29\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud639\ub3c5\ud55c \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub9bc\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ub54c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub294 \ucd08\uae30\uad50\ud68c\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c 10\ucc28\ub840\uc758 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec 16\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc655\uad8c(\u738b\u6b0a)\uc744 \uc2e0\uc7a5\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\ub828\uc744 \uacaa\uc5c8\uace0, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ud601\uba85 \ud6c4 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud070 \uace4\uc695\uc744 \uce58\ub800\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc628 \ub4a4, \uc911\uad6d \u00b7 \uc77c\ubcf8 \u00b7 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubaa8\uc9c4 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uacaa\uc5c8\ub2e4. 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c\ub294 1917\ub144 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc\uc170\ube44\ud0a4\ud601\uba85\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ub4a4\ubd80\ud130 \u2018\uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc544\ud3b8\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec, \uc2e0\uc559 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ub9d0\uc0b4\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\ucc45 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \ud2b9\ud788 8.15 \uad11\ubcf5 \ud6c4 \ubd81\ud55c\uc5d0\uc11c \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ub2f9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub294 \u2018\uce68\ubb35\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\u2019\uac00 \ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ucc3d\uc124\ud55c \uc608\uc218 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub294 \uc774\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \uc790\uae30\ub97c \ubbf8\uc6cc\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30\ub97c \ubbff\uace0 \ub530\ub974\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uad34\ub86d\ud790 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uc608\uc5b8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(\uc694\ud55c 15:20). \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uadf8\uc758 \uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \ubcf8\ub2a5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uc624\ud558\uace0 \ubc15\ud574\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \ub73b\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c0\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ub828\uc744 \uacaa\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd08\ub300\uad50\ud68c \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uadf9\ubcf5\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ud798\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \uc624\ub298\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud55c \uae30\ucd08\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ubc15\ud574\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\ub09c\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\uc0ac\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \ub9d0\uc0b4\uc744 \uaf80\ud55c \ud3ed\uad70 \ub124\ub85c\uc2dc\ub300(\uc7ac\uc704 : 54~68\ub144)\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2e0\uc559\uc774 \uacf5\uc778\ub41c \ubc00\ub77c\ub178\uce59\ub839(\u52c5\u4ee4)\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 3\uc138\uae30 \ub3d9\uc548\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1. \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \ubc15\ud574 : \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc5d0 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ud55c \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc778 \ub2e4\uc2e0\uad50(\u591a\u795e\u654e)\uc640 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uac00 \uc11c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\uadf9(\u76f8\u524b)\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2e0\uad50\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uad6d\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc798 \uc735\ud569\ub418\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc77c\uc2e0\uad50(\u4e00\u795e\u654e)\uc778 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc640\ub294 \uacb0\ucf54 \ud0c0\ud611\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacf5\ud654\uc815(\u5171\u548c\u653f) \ub9d0\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6d\uc218\uc801(\u570b\u7cb9\u7684)\uc778 \uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacbd\ubc30\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc774\uad6d(\u7570\u570b)\uc758 \uc2e0\uc744 \ubbff\ub294 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \ud669\uc81c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc61b\ub0a0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc744 \ubbff\ub3c4\ub85d \ud798\uc37c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc678\uad6d\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uad00\ub300\ud55c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub85c, \u2018\ucc3e\uc544\uc628 \uc2e0\u2019(di adventicii)\uc73c\ub85c \ud658\uc601\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc2e0\uc744 \uacbd\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \uc2e0\uc559\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc720\ud0dc\uad50\uc640 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub294 \uc77c\uc2e0\uad50\uc778 \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc804\uc81c\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \u2018\uacf5\uc778\ub41c \uc885\uad50\u2019(religio licita)\ub85c \uc77c\ub2e8 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ud5c8\ub77d\ud558\uace0, \uc885\uad50\uc870\uc9c1\ub3c4 \ubb35\uc778\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc804\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \uac00\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc720\ud0dc\uad50\uac00 \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc9c8 \uc6b0\ub824\uac00 \uc0dd\uae30\uc790 \uae08\uc9c0\ub839\uc774 \ub0b4\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub294 \uadf8\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ud55c \ubbfc\uc871\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c \uc885\uad50\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0, \ud3ec\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uad50\uc138\ub294 \ucc29\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub97c \ucc28\uce30 \uaebc\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac70\uae30\uc5d0 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubc18\ub300\ub97c \ub354 \uc790\uadf9\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc740 \ubbfc\uac04\uc758 \uc5ec\ub860\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 64\ub144 7\uc6d4 \ub124\ub85c \ud669\uc81c\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud654\uc7ac\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc5ec \ube48\ubbfc\uc9c0\uad6c\ub97c \ud3d0\ud5c8\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c, \ud3ed\uad70\uc744 \uc99d\uc624\ud55c \ub300\uc911\uc740 \ub124\ub85c\uac00 \uac74\ucd95\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uadfc\uc704\ubcd1\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc744 \ub193\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\ubb38\uc744 \ud37c\ub728\ub838\ub2e4. \uc704\ud611\uc744 \ub290\ub080 \ub124\ub85c\ub294 \ubb34\uc2a8 \uc9d3\uc744 \ud574\uc11c\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc18c\ubb38\uc744 \ub9c9\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc18d\uc8c4\uc591(\u8d16\u7f6a\u7f8a)\uc744 \ucc3e\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\uc0ac\uac00\uc778 \ud0c0\uce58\ud22c\uc2a4(Tacitus)\ub294 \ub124\ub85c\uac00 \u201c\ub300\uc911\uc758 \ubbf8\uc6c0\uc744 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uc18d\uc8c4\uc591\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0c8\ub2e4\u201d\ub85c \uae30\uc220\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774 \uc99d\uc624\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ub370\uc11c \uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2e0\uad50\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ubd88\uc190\ud55c \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc790\ub85c \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uc601\uc131\uccb4\ub97c \ud558\uba70 \uc11c\ub85c \u2018\ud615\uc81c\u2019\uc694 \u2018\uc790\ub9e4\u2019\ud558\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0, \uadfc\uce5c\uc0c1\uac04\uc758 \ubd88\ub95c\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\ub294 \ubb34\ub9ac\uc694, \uc778\uc721\uc744 \uba39\ub294 \uc871\uc18d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ube44\ubc29\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \ubbfc\uc911 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud64d\uc218\uac19\uc774 \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4 \uc7ac\ub09c\uc758 \ud654\uadfc\uc73c\ub85c \uc545\uc120\uc804\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud53c\ube44\ub9b0\ub0b4 \ub098\ub294 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub85c\ub9c8\ud615\ubc95\uc5d0 \uad50\uc815\ub41c \uc0ac\ud615\ubc29\uc2dd\uc740 \ucc38\uc218(\u65ac\u9996), \ud558\uce35\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ucc45\ud615(磔\u5211), \ubd84\ud615(\u711a\u5211), \uc11d\ud615(\u77f3\u5211), \uacbd\uae30\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub9f9\uc218\ud615(\u731b\u7378\u5211), \uc775\uc0b4(\uf9ec\u6bba) \ub4f1\uc774 \uac00\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub610 \ud558\uce35\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\ubc8c\ub85c\ub294 \uad11\uc0b0\ub178\ub3d9, \uc0c1\ub958\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc7ac\uc0b0\ubab0\uc218\uc640 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c, \uacf5\ud6c8\ubc15\ud0c8 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uad50\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ud558\uace0, \uc5ec\uc790\ub294 \ucc3d\uac00(\u5a3c\u5bb6)\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uac00 \ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae08\uc9c0\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \ub124\ub85c \ub54c\ubd80\ud130\uc778\ub370, \uc2e0\uc131\ubaa8\ub3c5\uc8c4(\u795e\u8056\u5192\u7006\u7f6a)\uc640 \ubd88\uacbd\uc8c4(\u4e0d\u656c\u7f6a)\ub85c \uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \ucc98\ubc8c\ubc1b\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b8\ub77c\uc57c\ub204\uc2a4 \ud669\uc81c(\uc7ac\uc704 : 98~117) \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc608\uc218\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc2dc\uc778\ud55c \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ucc98\ubc8c\uc5d0 \uac00\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ud3ec\uae30\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \u201c\ud655\uace0\ud558\uba70 \uaebe\uc77c \uc904 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uace0\uc9d1 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ucc98\ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ub9c8\ub545\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud615\uc774 \uc120\uace0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \ubc30\uad50\ud558\uba74 \ub204\uad6c\ub098 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ud480\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\ub97c \ubd80\uc778\ud558\uace0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc2e0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\ubb3c\uc744 \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc0ac\uba74\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \ub370\uce58\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ud669\uc81c(\uc7ac\uc704 : 250~251) \ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubc95\ub960\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc740 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc758 \uc885\uad50\ub85c \uadc0\uc758\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc758\ubb34\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub514\uc624\ud074\ub808\uc2dc\uc544\ub204\uc2a4 \ud669\uc81c(\uc7ac\uc704 : 284~305\ub144) \ub54c\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc808\uc815\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc794\uc778\ud55c \uc131\uaca9\ub300\ub85c \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4 \ud615\ubc8c\uc774 \uac00\ud574\uc9c0\uace0, \uc0ac\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc783\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790\ub294 8\ub9cc\uba85\uc774\ub098 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uac00\ud639\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c5\uc2e4\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc8fc\uc704\uc5d0 \uac10\uba85\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub4a4\ubc14\uafd4 \ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\ub85c \ubb3c\ub4e0 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \ud1a0\uc591 \uc704\uc5d0\ub294 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uc5f4\ub9b0 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uc73c\uba74 \ubc1b\uc744\uc218\ub85d \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uc790\ub77c\uc11c \uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uaf43\uc744 \ud53c\uc6b4\ub2e4\ub294 \uad50\ud68c \uace0\uc720\uc758 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \uc99d\uac70\ud574 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc870\uc120\uc870(\u671d\u9bae\u671d)\uc758 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \ubc15\ud574 : \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ucc3d\uc124\ub41c \uc9c0 1\ub144\ub9cc\uc778 1785\ub144(\u4e59\u672a\u5e74) 3\uc6d4(\uc74c)\uc5d0 \ubc8c\uc368 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc911\uc778(\u4e2d\u4eba)\uc778 \uc5ed\uad00(\u8b6f\u5b98) \uae40\ubc94\uc6b0(\uf90a\u7bc4\u79b9)\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc9d1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc885\uad50\uc758 \ubaa8\uc784\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4 \ud558\uc5ec \uace0\ubb38\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc720\ubc30\uc9c0(\uf9ca\u914d\u5730)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \uc21c\uad50\uc790\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub300(\u56db\u5927)\ubc15\ud574\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 1801\ub144\uc758 \uc2e0\uc720(\u8f9b\u9149)\ubc15\ud574, 1839\ub144\uc758 \uae30\ud574(\u5df1\u4ea5)\ubc15\ud574, 1846\ub144\uc758 \ubcd1\uc624(\u4e19\u5348)\ubc15\ud574, 1866\ub144\uc758 \ubcd1\uc778(\u4e19\u5bc5)\ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \uc791\uc558\ub358 \ubc15\ud574\ub85c \uc2e0\ud574(\u8f9b\u4ea5, 1791\ub144), \uc744\ubb18(\u4e59\u536f, 1795\ub144), \uc744\ud574(\u4e59\u4ea5, 1815\ub144), \uc815\ud574(\u4e01\u4ea5, 1827\ub144), \uacbd\uc2e0(\u5e9a\u7533, 1860\ub144)\ubc15\ud574\uc640 1901\ub144 \uc81c\uc8fc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubbfc\ub780(\u6c11\u4e82)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud53c\ub97c \ud758\ub9b0 \uc81c\uc8fc\uad50\ub09c(\u6fdf\u5dde\u654e\u96e3) \ub4f1 \uc787\ub2e8 \uc218\ub09c\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ucc3d\uc124\ub41c \ub4a4 100\uc5ec\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc5d0 1\ub9cc\uba85\uc5d0 \ud5e4\uc544\ub9ac\ub294 \uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub97c \ub0c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucc9c\uc8fc\ub97c \ub9cc\uc720(\u842c\u6709)\uc704\uc5d0 \ubc1b\ub4e4\uace0, \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub294, \uacfc\uc5f0 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uad6d\uad50(\u570b\u654e)\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ub764 \uc720\uad50\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc724\ub9ac\uc640\ub294 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\ub9bd\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc131\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uadfc\ub300\uc801 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ucda9\ud6a8(\u5fe0\u5b5d)\ub97c \uc22d\uc0c1\ud558\ub294 \uac00\ubd80\uc7a5\uc801(\u5bb6\u7236\u9577\u7684) \ubd09\uac74\uc724\ub9ac\uc640\ub294 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774 \ub420 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uad50(\u653f\u654e)\uac00 \ud569\uc77c\ub41c \uc870\uc120\uc655\uc870\uc758 \uc720\uad50\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc885\uad50\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0ac(\u79c1\u4e8b)\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0, \uc5b4\ub514\uae4c\uc9c0\ub098 \uad6d\uc0ac(\u570b\u4e8b)\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uad6c\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uacf5\uc0dd\ud65c\uba74(\u516c\u751f\u6d3b\u9762)\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uc720\uad50\uac04\uc758 \ub300\ub9bd\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc870\uc120\uc655\uc870\uc758 \uc815\uce58 \u00b7 \uc0ac\ud68c \u00b7 \uac00\uc871 \ub4f1 \uc81c\ub3c4\uac00 \uc720\uad50\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5 \u00b7 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uc544\uc8fc \ubc00\uc811\ud558\uac8c \uacb0\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ub9cc\ud07c \uadf8 \ub300\ub9bd\uc740 \uc77c\uce35 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uc720\uad50 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ub300\ub9bd\uc740 \uc815\uc870(\u6b63\u7956) 15\ub144(1791\ub144) \uc804\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc9c4\uc0b0(\u73cd\u5c71)\uc5d0\uc11c \ud604\uc2e4\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \u2018\uc2e0\ud574\uc9c4\uc0b0\uc9c0\ubcc0\u2019(\u8f9b\u4ea5\u73cd\u5c71\u4e4b\u8b8a)\uc73c\ub85c, \uc2e0\uc790\uc778 \uc724\uc9c0\ucda9(\u5c39\u6301\u5fe0)\uc774 \ubaa8\uce5c\uc0c1\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc81c\uc0ac\ub97c \ud3d0\ud558\uace0 \uc2e0\uc8fc(\u795e\u4e3b)\ub97c \ubd88\uc0b4\ub790\ub2e4 \ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc790\uac00\ub840(\u6731\u5b50\u5bb6\u79ae)\ub97c \uc5b4\uae34 \uc8c4\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ud615\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uac74\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ucda9\ud6a8\ub97c \uc808\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uc724\ub9ac\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\ub294 \uc720\uad50\uc758 \ubd09\uac74\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc591\ubc18\uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc77c\uc774\uace0 \ubcf4\uba74 \ub354\uad6c\ub098 \ubb35\uc778\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcc0\ud601\uc801 \ub300\uc0ac\uac74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc720\uad50\uc724\ub9ac\uc640\uc758 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub294 \uad6d\uac00 \uc774\ub370\uc62c\ub85c\uae30\uc801 \ub2e8\uc8c4(\u65b7\u7f6a)\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc885\uad50\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uc720\uad50\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc801 \ubc15\ud574\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1795\ub144 \uc744\ubbf8\ub144\uc5d0 \uc724\uc720\uc77c(\u5c39\u6709\u4e00) \ub4f1\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uace0, \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \uc77c\ub300\uc5d0 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ud558\uae30\ub294 \ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc815\uc870(\u6b63\u7956)\ub294 \uc131\ud488\uc774 \uc628\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ud0d5\ud3c9\ucc45(\u8569\u5e73\u7b56)\uc744 \uacac\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadf8\uc758 \uce58\uc138\uc5d0\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ud070 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ud56d\uc0c1 \ub178\ub860\ubcbd\ud30c(\uf934\u8ad6\u50fb\u6d3e)\uac00 \ub0a8\uc778\uc2dc\ud30c(\u5357\u4eba\u6642\u6ce2)\ub97c \uaebc\ub9ac\uace0 \uc9c8\ud22c\ud558\uc5ec \ud568\uc815\uc5d0 \ube60\ub728\ub9ac\ub824\ub294 \ub2f9\uc7c1\uc758 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uacbd\uc2e0\ub144(\u5e9a\u7533\u5e74, 1800\ub144) 6\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc815\uc870\uac00 \uc138\uc0c1\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\uc790 \uc815\uc138\ub294 \uc77c\ubcc0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc815\uc870\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc740 \uac83\uc740 11\uc138\uc758 \uc21c\uc870(\u7d14\u7956)\uc600\ub2e4. \ub300\uc655\ub300\ube44 \uc815\uc21c\uc655\ud6c4(\u8c9e\u7d14\u738b\u540e) \uae40(\uf90a)\uc528\uac00 \uc12d\uc815\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \ub300\ube44\ub294 \ub178\ub860\ubcbd\ud30c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc21c\uc870 \uc6d0\ub144(1801\ub144) 1\uc6d4 11\uc77c(\uc74c) \ub300\uc655\ub300\ube44\uac00 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uc120\ud3ec\ud558\uace0, \uc804\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc624\uac00\uc791\ud1b5\ubc95(\u4e94\u5bb6\u4f5c\u7d71\u6cd5)\uc744 \uc138\uc6cc \ube60\uc9d0\uc5c6\uc774 \uace0\ubc1c\ucf00 \ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\uc808\uc744 \uae30\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc2e0\uc720(\u8f9b\u9149)\ubc15\ud574\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ub0a8\uc778\uc758 \uac70\ub450\uc778 \uc774\uac00\ud658(\uf9e1\u5bb6\u7165)\uacfc \uad8c\ucca0\uc2e0(\u6b0a\u54f2\u8eab)\uc740 \uc625\uc0ac\ub2f9\ud558\uace0, \uc815\uc57d\uc885(\u4e01\u82e5\u937e)\uacfc \ud64d\ub099\ubbfc(\u6d2a\uf914\u654f) \ub4f1\uc740 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc2b9\ud6c8(\uf9e1\u627f\u85b0)\uc774 \ucc98\ud615\ub418\uace0, \uc815\uc57d\uc804 \u00b7 \uc57d\uc6a9(\u4e01\u82e5\u9293 \u00b7 \u82e5\u93de) \ud615\uc81c\ub294 \uc720\ubc30\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub0a8\uc778\uc138\ub825\uc740 \uac70\uc758 \ubab0\ub77d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uc7a0\uc801\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc8fc\ubb38\ubaa8(\u5468\u6587\u8b28) \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 3\uc6d4 12\uc77c(\uc74c) \uc790\ud604(\u81ea\u73fe)\ud558\uc5ec \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc7ac\uc5f0\ub418\uace0 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc740\uc2e0\ucc98\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud574\uc628 \ub3c5\uc2e4\ud55c \uc5ec\ud68c\uc7a5 \uac15\uc644\uc219(\u59dc\u5b8c\u6dd1)\uacfc \uad81\ub140 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uace0 \uc8fc \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uad70\ubb38\ud6a8\uc218(\u8ecd\u9580\u689f\u9996)\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 9\uc6d4 29\uc77c(\uc74c)\uc5d0\ub294 \ud669\uc0ac\uc601(\u9ec3\u55e3\u6c38)\uc774 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5b4 \ub300\uc5ed\ubd80\ub3c4\uc8c4(\u5927\u9006\uf967\u9053\u7f6a)\ub85c \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uadf8\uac00 \uc791\uc131\ud55c \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \ud669\uc0ac\uc601 \ubc31\uc11c(\u5e1b\u66f8)\uac00 \ud0c4\ub85c\ub418\uc5b4 \ud070 \ud30c\ub780\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ud0a4\uace0 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc77c\ubcc0\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc704\uc815\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ub9c8\uce58 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc778 \uc591 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc678\uc138(\u5916\u52e2)\ub97c \ubd88\ub7ec\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \ub9e4\uad6d\ub3c4\ub2f9\uc73c\ub85c \ubab0\uc544 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ud569\ub9ac\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uad6c\uc2e4\ub85c \uc0bc\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774 \ud574 12\uc6d4(\uc74c)\uc5d0 \ub300\uc655\ub300\ube44\ub294 \u2018\ud1a0\uc0ac\uad50\ubb38\u2019(\u8a0e\u90aa\u654e\u6587)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uc5ec \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\uc640 \uad6d\uad50\uc758 \uc6d0\uc218\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc2e0\uc870\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \u2018\ucc99\uc0ac\uc724\uc74c\u2019(\u65a5\u90aa\u7db8\u97f3)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc774 \ud3ec\uace0\ubb38\uc740 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uad50\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \u201c\ub9e4\uad6d\ub178, \ubd88\ud6a8, \uc548\ub155\uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \ubb38\ub780\uc790, \ubc29\ud0d5\u201d \ub4f1 \uc628\uac16 \uc911\uc0c1\uacfc \ubaa8\ub7b5\uc744 \ub3d9\uc6d0\ud558\uc5ec \ubc15\ud574\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc720\ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc57d 100\uba85\uc758 \uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub97c \ub0b4\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 400\uba85\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc778\uc744 \uc720\ubc30\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1839\ub144 \ud5cc\uc885(\u61b2\u5b97) 5\ub144\uc5d0 \ub610 \uae30\ud574\ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \u2018\uc0ac\ud559\ud1a0\uce58\ub839(\u90aa\u5b78\u8a0e\u6cbb\u9818)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc774 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc0ac\ud559(\u90aa\u5b78)\uc778 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \ud1f4\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uba85\ubd84\uc744 \ub0b4\uc138\uc6e0\uc73c\ub098 \ub0b4\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2dc\ud30c\uc778 \uc548\ub3d9 \uae40\uc528(\u5b89\u6771\uf90a\u6c0f)\uc758 \uc138\ub3c4\ub97c \uaebe\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \ubcbd\ud30c \ud48d\uc591 \uc870\uc528(\u8c4a\u58e4\u8d99\u6c0f) \ub4e4\uc758 \ucc45\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ud30c\uc778 \uc548\ub3d9 \uae40\uc528\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uad50\uc801 \ub108\uadf8\ub7ec\uc6e0\uc73c\ub098, \ubcbd\ud30c\uc778 \ud48d\uc591 \uc870\uc528\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \uc6d0\uc218\ucc98\ub7fc \ubbf8\uc6cc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc548\ub3d9 \uae40\uc528\uc758 \uad00\ub300\ud55c \uc815\uce58\uc5d0 \ud798\uc785\uc5b4 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\ub294 1836\ub144 \uc774\ub798 \uc870\uc120\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud55c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud06c\uac8c \uad50\uc138\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc12d\uc815\uc778 \ub300\uc655\ub300\ube44 \uc21c\uc6d0\uc655\ud6c4(\u7d14\u5143\u738b\u540e)\uc758 \uc624\ub77c\ubc84\ub2c8\uc778 \uae40\uc720\uadfc(\uf90a逌\u6839)\uc774 \uc911\ubcd1\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc740\ud1f4\ud558\uc790, \uc2e4\uad8c\uc740 \ud48d\uc591 \uc870\uc528\uc758 \uc138\ub3c4\ub97c \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc5c5\uc740 \uc6b0\uc758\uc815 \uc774\uc9c0\uc5f0(\uf9e1\u6b62\u6df5)\uc5d0\uac8c \ub118\uc5b4\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \u2018\ubb34\ubd80\ubb34\uad70\u2019(\u7121\u7236\u7121\u541b)\uc758 \uc5ed\uc801\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\ubd84\uc744 \ub0b4\uac78\uace0 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub3c4\ub97c \ubab0\uc544\uc138\uc6b4 \uc774 \ubc15\ud574\ub85c 4\uc6d4 12\uc77c(\uc74c) \ub0a8\uba85\ud601(\u5357\u660e\u8d6b)\uacfc \uad81\ub140 \ubc15\ud76c\uc21c(\u6734\u559c\u9806) \ub4f1 9\uba85\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uace0, 6\uc6d4\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \uc720\uc9c4\uae38(\uf9c7\u9032\u5409), \uc815\ud558\uc0c1(\u4e01\u590f\u7965), \uc870\uc2e0\ucca0(\u8d99\u4fe1\u5586) \ub4f1 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c \uc7ac\uac74\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc694\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc787\ub530\ub77c \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 7\uc6d4 1\uc77c(\uc74c)\uc5d0\ub294 \uc575\ubca0\ub974(Imbert, \u8303\u4e16\u4ea8) \uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \uc218\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\ud604\ud558\uace0, \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\ub85c \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \ud64d\uc8fc(\u6d2a\u5dde)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ubc29(Maubant, \uf90f)\uacfc \uc0e4\uc2a4\ud0d5(Chastan, \u912d) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub3c4 \uc790\ud604\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc555\uc1a1\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c 8\uc6d4 14\uc77c(\uc74c) 3\uc778\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uac00 \ud55c\uac15\ubcc0 \uc0c8\ub0a8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\ubb38\ud6a8\uc218\ud615\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \uc774\ud2bf\ub0a0 \uc720\uc9c4\uae38\uacfc \uc815\ud558\uc0c1\uc774 \uc11c\uc18c\ubb38 \ud615\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub098\ud758 \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc870\uc2e0\ucca0 \ub4f1 9\uba85\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uacf5\uc801\uc778 \ucc98\ud615\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\uc6b8\uc758 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \uad50\uc218\ud615\uc744 \ucc98\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \uae30\ub85d\uc778 \u226a\uadc0\ud574\uc77c\uae14\u226b\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \ucc38\uc218\ub41c \uc21c\uad50\uc790\uac00 54\uba85, \uc625\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\ubb38 \ub610\ub294 \ubcd1\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc8fd\uc740 \uad50\uc778\uc774 60\uc5ec\uba85\uc774\ub098 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ud574\ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\uacfc \uacbd\uae30\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub97c \ubc30\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \uad11\ubc94\ud588\ub358 \ub9cc\ud07c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \uc804\uad6d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ub370 \ud070 \uc758\uc758\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc720\uc2dd\uce35\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub97c \uc783\uc740 \ubc18\uba74, \uad50\ud68c\uc138\ub825\uc740 \ubb34\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \uc11c\ubbfc\uce35\uc73c\ub85c \ud37c\uc838\ub098\uac14\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc559\ub0b4\uc6a9\ub3c4 \uc724\ub9ac \uc911\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf5\uc74c\uc801 \uc2e0\uc559\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud574 \uac04 \uac83\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0b0\uac04\ubcbd\ucd0c\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc774\uc0c1\ucd0c\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294\ub370 \ud798\uc744 \ubaa8\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc815\ud558\uc0c1\uc740 \uc21c\uad50\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c \ud638\uad50\ubb38(\u8b77\u654e\u6587)\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc625\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc0c1\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c4\uc815\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 <\uc0c1\uc7ac\uc0c1\uc11c>(\u4e0a\u5bb0\u76f8\u66f8)\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc774\uae00\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc61b \uad70\uc790\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ub2e8\uc790\ub77c\ub3c4 \ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uae08\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uadf8 \ub73b\uacfc \uc774\uce58\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uac70\ub298, \uc5b4\ucc0c\ud558\uc5ec \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc\uc740 \uadf8 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc870\uc0ac\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0 \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \uc0ac\ub3c4(\u90aa\u9053)\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud615\uc744 \uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774 \uc5b4\ub514\uc5d0 \uc788\ub290\ub0d0\u201d\uace0 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \ucc98\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2e0\ub784\ud788 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud5cc\uc885 12\ub144(1846\ub144)\uc5d0 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74(\uf90a\u5927\u5efa) \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub97c \uacc4\uae30\ub85c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub610 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubcd1\uc624\ubc15\ud574\uc774\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ud574\ub85c(\u6d77\u8def) \uac1c\ucc99\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc11c\ud574\uc758 \ub4f1\uc0b0\uc9c4(\u767b\u5c71\u93ad)\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac14\ub2e4\uac00 \ubd99\uc7a1\ud600 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc555\uc1a1\ub418\uc5b4 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 7\uc6d4 25\uc77c(\uc74c) 25\uc138\uc758 \uc80a\uc740 \ub098\uc774\ub85c \ud55c\uac15\ubcc0 \uc0ac\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uae40 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub418\uc5b4 \ud22c\uc625\ub41c \ud604\uc11d\ubb38(\u7384\u932b\u6587) \ub4f1 \ub0a8\ub140\uad50\uc6b0 9\uba85\uc774 \ucc98\ud615\ub41c \uc678\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud76c\uc0dd\uc790\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uace0\uc885(\u9ad8\u5b97) 3\ub144(1866\ub144) \ub300\uc6d0\uad70 \uce58\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ucd5c\ub300\uc758 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \ub610 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ubcd1\uc778\ubc15\ud574\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc15\ud574\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778(\u9060\u56e0)\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc2dc\ubca0\ub9ac\uc544\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud55c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \ub0a8\ud558\uc815\ucc45(\u5357\u4e0b\u653f\u7b56)\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uace0\uc885 \ucd08\ub144\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\uc774 \ud568\uacbd\ub3c4 \uacbd\ud765\ubd80(\u6176\u8208\u5e9c)\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \ub300\uc6d0\uad70 \uc774\ud558 \uc815\ubd80\uc694\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ub180\ub78c\uacfc \ub2f9\ud669\uc740 \ub300\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\ucc45\uc740 \uc18d\uc218\ubb34\ucc45\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uace0\uc885 2\ub144(1865\ub144) 9\uc6d4(\uc74c)\uc5d0 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub610 \uacbd\ud765\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc740 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \ud611\uc870\ub97c \uccad\ud574\uc654\uace0, \uc774\uc5b4 \uc2b9\uc9c0(\u627f\u65e8)\uc778 \ub0a8\uc885\uc0bc(\u5357\u9418\u4e09) \ub4f1\uc740 \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc5d0\uac8c \ud55c\ubd88\uc870\uc57d(\u97d3\u4f5b\u689d\u7d04)\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5b4 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639 3\uc138\uc758 \uc704\ub825\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \ub2a5\ud788 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc744 \ub9c9\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uac74\uc758\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ub9cc\uc871\ud788 \uc5ec\uae30\uace0, \ub0a8\uc885\uc0bc\uc5d0\uac8c \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc790\uc778 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc(Berneux, \u5f35\u656c\u4e00) \uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \ub9cc\ub098\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574\ub2ec\ub77c\uace0 \uccad\ud558\uace0, \ub9cc\uc77c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \ub9c9\uc544\uc900\ub2e4\uba74 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc8fc\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc81c\uc758\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ud669\ud574\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc778\ud3b8\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc5b4 \ud3ec\uad50 \uc911\uc774\ub358 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc \uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0 \ub3cc\uc544\uc624\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uc758 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc740 \ub0a8\uc885\uc0bc\uc774 \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc9c0 \ud55c\ub2ec \ub4a4\uc758 \uc77c\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1866\ub144 1\uc6d4 31\uc77c(\uc74c 12\uc6d4 15\uc77c) \ub0a8\uc885\uc0bc\uc740 \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \ub3c4\ucc29\uc744 \uc54c\ub9ac\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc744 \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uadf8\ub97c \ub9de\uc740 \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \ub0c9\ub2f4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uac00 \ud45c\ubcc0\ud55c \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubd81\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc120\uc0ac\uc2e0\uc774 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc628 \uc11c\uc2e0 \ub54c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. 1860\ub144 \uc601\ubd88(\u82f1\u4f5b) \uc5f0\ud569\uad70\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ubd81\uacbd\uc774 \ud568\ub77d\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c, \uccad\uc870(\u6df8\u671d)\uc758 \uc704\uc2e0\uc740 \ubb3c\ub860, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uace0\uad00\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub2f9\ud669\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\ub09c \uac08 \uad81\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ubc14\uc060 \uc815\ub3c4\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uadf8 \ub54c\uc758 \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uad6d \ub3c4\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \uc591\uc778\uc0b4\uc721(\u6d0b\u4eba\u6bba\uf9d2)\uc758 \ud53c\ube44\ub9b0\ub0b4 \ub098\ub294 \uc0ac\ud0dc\uac00 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc838 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc640 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80, \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e5\uce58\ub294 \ub300\ub85c \uc0b4\ud574\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \ud070 \ud798\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc5bb\uc740 \ub4ef, \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \uc99d\uc624\ud574\uc628 \ubcf4\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uc815\ubd80\uace0\uad00\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc758 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad50\uc12d\uc744 \uacf5\uacf5\uc5f0\ud788 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uace0 \uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc130\ub2e4. \ub354\uad6c\ub098 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc6b4\ud604\uad81(\u96f2\u5cf4\u5bae)\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ucc9c\uc8fc\ud559\uc7c1\uc774\uac00 \ucd9c\uc785\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc18c\ubb38\uc774 \ud37c\uc838 \uc870\ub300\ube44(\u8d99\u5927\u5983)\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub4e4\uace0 \ub098\uc624\uc790, \ub300\uc6d0\uad70\uc740 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \uacb0\uc2ec\ud558\uace0 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uccb4\ud3ec\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac 12\uba85 \uc911 9\uba85\uc774 \ucc98\ud615\ub418\uace0, \ub0a8\uc885\uc0bc \ub4f1 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc800\uba85\uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uc218\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\uad6d\ubc29\ubc29\uace1\uace1\uc5d0 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \uac00\ud558\uc5ec \ubd88\uacfc \uc218\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548\uc5d0 \uc57d 8\ucc9c\uba85\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \uad50\uc778\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \uc557\uc544\uac14\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\ub807\uac8c \ubaa8\uc9c4 \ubc15\ud574\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc0dd\uad50\ud68c(\u81ea\u751f\u654e\u6703)\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc740\ucd1d\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uc0ac\uc870\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc2ec\uc0b0\uc720\uace1\uc5d0 \uad50\uc6b0\ucd0c\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uace0, \ud6c4\uc77c \uc2e0\uc559\uc790\uc720\uc758 \ub0a0\uc744 \ub9de\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 1962\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc219\uc6d0\uc774\ub358 \uad50\uacc4\uc81c\ub3c4(\u654e\u968e\u5236\u5ea6)\uc758 \uc124\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1984\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc21c\uad50\ud55c \uc120\uc778\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c \uac70\ub8e9\ud55c \uc131\ub355(\u8056\u5fb7)\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc778\uc758 \ubc18\uc5f4\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub77c \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uacbd\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 103\uc704 \uc131\uc778\uc758 \uc601\uad11\uc744 \uc548\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. 8.15\uad11\ubcf5\uacfc \ubd81\ud55c \u2018\uce68\ubb35\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\u2019 : \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1945\ub144 8.15\uad11\ubcf5 \ud6c4 \ubd81\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0\uce58\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub610 \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4 \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc18c\ub828\uad70\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c \uc218\ub09c\uc744 \ub2f9\ud55c \uacf3\uc740 \ud68c\ub839(\u6703\uf95f)\ubcf8\ub2f9\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud30c\ub80c\ucf54\ud504(W. Farrenopf, \u6734) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \uc5f0\ud589\ud574 \uac04 \uc18c\ub828\uad70\uc740 8\uc6d4 23\uc77c \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc774\uc720\uc5c6\uc774 \uadf8\ub97c \ucd1d\uc0b4\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub4a4 \uc18c\ub828\uad70\uacfc \ubd81\ud55c\ub2f9\uad6d\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub178\uace8\uc801\uc778 \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uac00\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1949\ub144 5\uc6d48\uc77c \ubc24\ubd80\ud130 \ub355\uc6d0(\u5fb7\u6e90)\uad50\uad6c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6b0\uc5b4(Sauer, \u8f9b) \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc7a5 \ub85c\ud2b8(Roth, \u6d2a) \uc2e0\ubd80 \ub4f1 4\uba85\uc758 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub97c \uc7a1\uc544\uc11c \ud3c9\uc591\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc1a1\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ud2c0 \ud6c4\uc778 5\uc6d4 10\uc77c \ubc24\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc7a5 \ub85c\uba38(Romer, \uf933) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \ub3c5\uc77c\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc218\ub3c4\uc790 \uc804\uc6d0\uacfc \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80 4\uba85(\uf90a\u81f4\u93ac, \uf90a\u5b97\u6d19, \uf90a\uf9dd\u690d, \u5d14\u70b3\u6b0a)\uc744 \uccb4\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \ud3c9\uc591 \uc815\uce58\ubcf4\uc704\ubd80\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uac00\ub450\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uacfc \uc218\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ub0b4쫒\uc544 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uacfc \uc2e0\ud559\uad50\ub97c \ubab0\uc218\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc6d0\uc0b0(\u5143\u5c71) \uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \uad6c\ub300\uc900(\u5177\u5927\u4fca) \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uc6d0\uc0b0\uc218\ub140\uc6d0, \uc2e0\uace0\uc0b0(\u65b0\u9ad8\u5c71) \uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc758 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uc218\ub140 15\uba85\uc744 \uc7a1\uc544 \uac00\ub450\uace0 \uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc744 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. 5\uc6d4 15\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud568\ud765(\u54b8\u8208)\uc218\ub140\uc6d0\uc758 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc778 \uc218\ub140 5\uba85\ub3c4 \uccb4\ud3ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\ub807\uac8c \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \ub0a0\ub85c \uc2ec\ud574\uc9c0\uc790 \ud3c9\uc591\uad50\uad6c\uc758 \ud64d\uc6a9\ud638(\u6d2a\uf9c4\u6d69) \uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub294 \ubd81\ud55c\uad50\uad6c\uc758 \ucd1d\ucc45\uc784\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uae40\uc77c\uc131\uc5d0\uac8c \ud56d\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 1949\ub144 5\uc6d4 14\uc77c \ud64d \uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \uccb4\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \uc787\ub530\ub77c \uae40\ud544\ud604(\uf90a\u5fc5\u73fe), \ucd5c\ud56d\uc900(\u5d14\u6052\u4fca) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub3c4 \uc7a1\uc544\uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud574 12\uc6d4\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud558\uc5ec\uc838 \ud3c9\uc591\uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \ubc15\uc6a9\uc625(\u6734-\u7389) \uc2e0\ubd80 \ub4f1 4\uba85\uc758 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc640 \uac15\uacc4(\u6c5f\u754c) \uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \uc11d\uc6d0\uc12d(\u77f3\u5143\u71ee) \uc2e0\ubd80, \uc2e0\uc758\uc8fc(\u65b0\u7fa9\u5dde) \uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \ud64d\uac74\ud56d(\u6d2a\u5efa\u6052) \uc2e0\ubd80, \uc601\uc720(\u6c38\u67d4) \uc131\ub2f9\uc758 \ud64d\ub3c4\uadfc(\u6d2a\u9053\u6839) \uc2e0\ubd80 \ub4f1\uc744 \uccb4\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \uc131\ub2f9\uc744 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c 3,000\uc5ec\uc758 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\ub358 \ud3c9\uc591\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e0\ubd80 \ud55c \uba85\ub9cc\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58 \ubcf4\uc704\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc7a1\ud600\uac04 \uc2e0\ubd80 \u00b7 \uc218\uc0ac \u00b7 \uc218\ub140 \ub4e4\uc740 \uac04\ucca9\uc774\ub780 \uc8c4\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ud6c4 \uac15\uacc4\uc640 \ub9cc\ud3ec\uc9c4\uc5d0 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc218\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubc18\ub3d9\ubd84\uc790\ub77c\ub294 \uc8c4\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a1\uc544 \uac00\ub450\uace0 \uac00\uc0b0\uc744 \ubab0\uc218\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc790 \uc0dd\uc9c0\uc625\uc744 \ud0c8\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \ud544\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d4\ub0a8(\u8d8a\u5357)\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \ucc3e\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1950\ub144\uc5d0 \uc811\uc5b4\ub4e4\uba74\uc11c \ubd81\ud55c\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. 6.25\ub3d9\ub780 \uc804\uc57c(\u524d\u591c)\uc778 24\uc77c \ubc24, \ud3c9\uc591\uad50\uad6c\uc758 \uc870\uc778\uad6d(\u8d99\u4ec1\u570b) \uc2e0\ubd80 \ub4f1 5\uba85\uc758 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc640 \uadf8\ubc16\uc5d0 7\uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ucc98\ub7fc \ubd81\ud55c\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub358 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ubd99\uc7a1\ud600 \uac14\uc73c\uba70, \ub0a8\ud55c\uc5d0 \uce68\uc785\ud55c \uacf5\uc0b0\uad70\uc740 6\uc6d4 27\uc77c \uac15\uc6d0\ub3c4 \uc18c\uc591(\u662d\u967d)\uc131\ub2f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc778 \ucf5c\ub9ac\uc5b4(Collier) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub97c \ucd1d\uc0b4\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc640 \uc218\ub140\ub4e4\uc744 \uc0b4\ud574 \ub610\ub294 \ub0a9\uce58\ud558\uace0 \uc131\ub2f9\uc744 \uac15\uc810, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uce68\ub7b5\ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub0a8\ubd81\ud55c\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uccb4\ud3ec \ud559\uc0b4\ub41c \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc640 \uc218\ub140, \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc758 \uc218\ub294 150\uc5ec\uba85\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud504\ub780\uce24 \u8457, \u5d14\u596d\u7950 \u8b6f, \u654e\u6703\u53f2, \ubd84\ub3c4\ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac, 1982 \/ Ch. Dallet, Histoire de l’Eglise de Coree, Paris 1874 \/ \u5d14\u596d\u7950, \u97d3\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6703\uc758 \uf98c\u53f2, \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c, 1982. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uac15\uc81c\ub825\uacfc \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ud0c4\uc555\ud589\uc704\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub098\uc11c\uc11c \ud560 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ubb35\uc778 \uc544\ub798 \uad70\uc911\uc744 \uc120\ub3d9\ud558\uc5ec \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \ubc30\uad50(\u80cc\u654e)\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0, \uc2e0\uc559 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ub9d0\uc0b4\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uad6c\uc57d\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ubc29\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud639\ub3c5\ud55c \uc2dc\ub2ec\ub9bc\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30