{"id":74166,"date":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_catholicdictionary_list\/6221"},"modified":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T10:32:09","slug":"tn_a_tn2_catholicdictionary_list_6221","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/?p=74166","title":{"rendered":"\ubcf4\ud3b8\ub17c\uc7c1 [\ud55c] \u666e\u904d\uf941\u722d [\ub77c] Controversia de universalibus [\ub3c5] Universalienstreit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>   \uc2e4\uc7ac\uacc4(\u5be6\u5728\u754c)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud3b8 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uad00\uacc4, \uc989 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uacfc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uac00\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \u2018\ubcf4\ud3b8\ub17c\uc7c1\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc801 \ubc0f \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8\ub2e4\uba74, \uacb0\ucf54 \uc911\uc138\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c \ud2b9\uc218\ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0, \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucca0\ud559\uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubcf4\ud3b8 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uad6c\uba85\uc774 \ub4a4\ub530\ub974\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \uc5ff\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc778 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uace0\ub300 \ubc0f \uc911\uc138\ucca0\ud559 \uc804(\u5168)\uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc131\ud589\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uadfc\uc138\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c5\ub2e8\ub860\uacfc \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc758 \ub300\ub9bd, \ud604\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\uccb4\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uac1c\uc778\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub300\uacb0 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc774 \ub17c\uc758\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uaca0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>   \u2018\ubcf4\ud3b8\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \u2018universale\u2019\ub294 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801, \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc790(\u666e\u904d\u8005), \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc131 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\uc774\ub294\ub370, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubd80\ub958\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud1b5\ub41c \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0ac \ub54c \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uc911 \uba87 \uac1c\uc758 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uace0\uc720\ud55c \uc131\uc9c8\uc744 \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c\uc758 \u2018\ud2b9\uc218\u2019\ub3c4 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ubd80\ub958\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ubcf4\ud3b8\uacfc \ud2b9\uc218\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \ucca0\ud559\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uacfc \ud2b9\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc740 \uac08\ub798\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0\ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \uc591\uadf9\ub2e8\ub860\uc740 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc744 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uacfc, \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc744 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ub0b3\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubcf8\ub514 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \ub2e4\uc18c \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uad70(\u7fa4)\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc544 \ucde8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc0ac\uace0 \uc544\ub798 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ub610\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uba85\uce6d\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\ub4ef \ub2e4\uc591\uc131 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud1b5\uc77c\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \u2018\ubcf4\ud3b8\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uacac\ud574\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>   \u2460 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860(extreme realism) : \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c\ud559\ud30c\uc758 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c\uc11c \uc989 \u2018\uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc790\u2019(universale ante rem)\ub85c\uc11c \uc2e4\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc774 \uc6b0\uc138\ud558\uc600\uace0 19\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uc6b0\uc81c\ub098(Johannes Scotus Eriugena), 11\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc548\uc140\ubaa8(Anselmus) \ub4f1\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc790\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c \uc0ac\uace0 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uacfc\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c, \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ubcf4\ud3b8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\ub958\uc5d0 \uadc0\uc18d\ub41c \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ubcf4\ud3b8\ub4e4\uc744 \uac10\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4 \ub610\ub294 \ubcf8\uc9c8\ub4e4 \uc989 \ud604\ub300\uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uac00\ubbf8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub85c \u2018\ubcf4\ud3b8\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4. \u2461 \uc720\uba85\ub860(\u552f\u540d\u8ad6, nominalism) \ub610\ub294 \uba85\uc0ac\uc124(\u540d\u8fad\u8aaa, terminism) : \uc774 \uc124\uc740 \ubcf4\ud3b8\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc790\uccb4 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc2e4\uc7ac(\u5be6\u5728)\ub3c4 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubcf4\ud3b8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\ub958\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc77c\uc6d0\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc0ac\uc810\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uace0, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0ac\uace0 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ud3b8\ub4e4\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ub418\ub294 \uadf8\ub7f0 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4. 11\uc138\uae30\uc758 \ub85c\uc178\ub9ac\ub204\uc2a4(Roscelinus)\uac00 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc774\ub984\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\uba70, \uc2e4\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\ubfd0\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec, \u2018\uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \ub4a4\uc758 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc790\u2019(universale post rem)\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc744 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \ubcf4\ub294 \uc720\uba85\ub860\uc774 \ub098\uc654\ub2e4. 14\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc624\uce84(William of Occam)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\uba85\ub860\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\uc138 \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc720\ubb3c\ub860(\u552f\u7269\u8ad6)\uc758 \uc120\uad6c\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc2e4\uc744 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc124\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub9cc \uc778\uc815\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc0bc\uc704\uc77c\uccb4\uc758 \uad50\uc758\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uae4c\ub2ed\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uc774\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \u2462 \uc911\ub3c4\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860(moderate realism) : \ubcf4\ud3b8 \uc790\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801 \ubc0f \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\ud3b8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5c6\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc774\uc9c0(\uf9e4\u667a) \uc18d\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uac1c\ub150\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc885\ub958\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc801\uc778 \uc720\uc0ac\uc810\ub4e4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc740 \ucc9c\ucc28\ub9cc\ubcc4\ud55c \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc5d0 \ubfcc\ub9ac\ubc15\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc18d\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc790\u2019(universale in re)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. 13\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc54c\ubca0\ub974\ud1a0(Albertus Magnus), \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4(Thomas Aquinas)\ub294 \uc911\ub3c4\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc758 \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ub450\ub4dc\ub7ec\uc9c0\uac8c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc124\uc740 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc774 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ud615\uc0c1(\u5f62\u76f8)\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc2e4\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544, \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc801\uc778 \uc644\ud654\ub41c \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc740 \uc2e0\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc18d\uc758 \u2018\uc774\ub370\uc544\u2019\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c\uace0, \ud615\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \uc18d\uc5d0, \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uac1c\uccb4\ub4e4 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc124\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc911\ub3c4\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub110\ub9ac \uc6a9\uc778\ub41c \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc73c\ub85c \uc874\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4\uc838 \uc654\uace0 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c\ub294 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc885\ud569\uc774 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>   [\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] R.I. Aaron, The Theory of Universals. Oxford 1952 \/ H.H. Price, Thinking and Experience. Cambridge, Mass. 1953 \/ D.F. Pears, Uniuersals, Logic and Lrmguage ser., ed. A.G.N. Flew, New York 1953 \/ \u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c4\u30af\u5927\u8fad\u5178, \u65e5\u672c\u5bcc\u5c71\u623f, 5\u5237 1954 \/ A. Quinton, Properties and Causes, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. 1958 \/ R.G. Miller, Realistic and Unrealistic Empiricisms, New Schol 35, 1961. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\uc2e4\uc7ac\uacc4(\u5be6\u5728\u754c)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ud3b8 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uad00\uacc4, \uc989 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uacfc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uac00\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \u2018\ubcf4\ud3b8\ub17c\uc7c1\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c0\uce6d\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc2dd\ub860\uc801 \ubc0f \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8\ub2e4\uba74, \uacb0\ucf54 \uc911\uc138\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c \ud2b9\uc218\ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0, \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucca0\ud559\uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/?p=74166\">\uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30 <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-74166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tn-board-catholicdictionary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=74166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/74166\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=74166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=74166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=74166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}