\ubd88\uad50\ub780 \uae68\ub2ec\uc73c\uc2e0 \ubd84, \uc989 ‘\ubd80\ub2e4'(Buddha, \u89ba\u8005, \u4f5b)\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc6d0\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 Buddha-sasana \uc778\ub370 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uacbd\uc804 \uc911\uc5d0 “\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc545\uc740 \uc9d3\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9d0\uace0, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc120\uc744 \ubc1b\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud589\ud558\ub77c. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub124 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uae68\ub057\uc774 \ud558\ub77c. \uc774\uac83\uc774 ‘\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubd80\ub2e4\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68'(\u8af8\u4f5b\u654e)\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c”\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c \uad6c\uc808 \uc911 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ud55c \ub9c8\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uadf8 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc11c\uad6c\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc778 \uc885\uad50(religion)\uc758 \ud558\ub098\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc8fc\uc758(ism)\uc774\uae30\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc694\uc18c\uc778 \uad50\uc870 \u00b7 \uad50\ub9ac \u00b7 \uad50\ud68c, \uc774 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \ubd88\uad50\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc14b\uc744 \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubcf4\ubc30, \uc989 \uc0bc\ubcf4(\u4e09\u5bf6, tri-ratna)\uc778 \ubd88(\u4f5b, Buddha) \u00b7 \ubc95(\u6cd5, Dharma) \u00b7 \uc2b9(\u50e7, Samgha)\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc0dd\uac01\ud574 \ubcfc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc14b \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uacb0\uad6d \uc774 \uc0bc\ubcf4\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc740 \ubc95\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub290\ub0d0 \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub530\ub77c \ucc9c\uc2ec(\u6dfa\u6df1)\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud3b8\uc758\uc0c1 \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \ubd88\uad50\ub97c \uc774 \uc0bc\ubcf4\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \uadf8 \ud574\uc11d\uc758 \ucc9c\uc2ec\uc744 \uc5fc\ub450\uc5d0 \ub450\uace0 \uc124\uba85\ud574 \uac08 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1. \ubd88 : \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ubd88\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \ub9c8\uac00\ub2e4(Magadha)\uad6d\uc758 \ud0dc\uc790\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uc11d\uac00\ubaa8\ub2c8(\u2019Sakyamuni, \u91cb\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c, \u91cb\u8fe6\u65cf\uc758 \u8056\u8005)\ubd88\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uae30\ub098\uae34 \uc804\uc0dd(\u524d\u751f, \ud639\uc740 \u672c\u751f)\uc744 \ubcf4\uc0b4(\u83e9\u85a9, \ud314\ub9ac\uc5b4\ub85c Bodhisatta, \uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5b4\ub85c Bodhisattva)\ub85c\uc11c \uc628\uac16 \uc218\ud589\uc744 \ub2e4 \uacaa\uc740 \ud6c4, \uadf8 \uacfc\ubcf4\ub85c\uc11c(\uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\ub2a5\uc801 \uc695\uc815\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c) \uc21c\uc804\ud788 \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub300\uc6d0\ub825(\u5927\u9858\u529b)\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc744 \uad6c\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub294 80\uc138\uc5d0 \uc785\uba78(\u5165\u6ec5)[\uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \ubcf8\ub798\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc5d0 \ub4e6]\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc131\uc790(\u8056\u8005)\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc77c\uc0dd\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc168\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd5c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc778\uac04[\u7121\u4e0a\u58eb], \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub86d\uace0 \uc790\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc778\uac04[\u660e\u884c\u662f], \uc2e0\uacfc \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc2a4\uc2b9\uc774\uba70[\u5929\u4eba\u5e2b], \uc138\uc0c1\uc758 \uc874\uadc0\ud55c \uc5b4\ub978[\u4e16\u5c0a]\uc774\uc2e0 \uc778\uac04 \uc11d\uac00\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \ubc95 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ubd80\ub2e4, \uc989 \ubc95\uc2e0\ubd88(\u6cd5\u8eab\u4f5b, Dharmakaya)\uc744 \uccb4(\u9ad4)\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc0c1(\u76f8)\uc774\uc694, \uc6a9(\u7528)\uc77c \ub530\ub984\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc95\uc2e0\ubd88\uc740 \uc6b0\uc8fc \uc0bc\ub77c\ub9cc\uc0c1\uc758 \ubcf8\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc2dc\uc791\uacfc \ub05d\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774, \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc2dc\uc791\uc774\uc694, \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \ub05d\uc774 \ub418\uba74\uc11c \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub4e4\uac04\uc758 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc640 \ud654\ud569\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc0dd\uba85\ub825\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc95\uc2e0\uc758 \uc0c1(\u76f8)\uc744 \ubcf4\uc2e0(\u5831\u8eab, Sambhogakaya) \ub610\ub294 \uc218\uc6a9\uc2e0(\u53d7\u7528\u8eab), \uadf8 \uc6a9(\u7528)\uc744 \ud654\uc2e0(\u5316\u8eab, Nirmanakaya) \ub610\ub294 \uc751\ud654\uc2e0(\u61c9\u5316\u8eab)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\uba74 \uc11d\uac00\ubaa8\ub2c8\ubd88\uc740 \uc774 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubab8[\u4e09\u8eab]\uc744 \ub2e4 \uac16\ucdc4\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc57c \ub9c8\ub545\ud558\uba70 \uadf8\uc758 \uc785\uba78\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc778\uac04 \uc11d\uac00\ub85c\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub358 \ubcf4\uc2e0\uacfc \ud654\uc2e0\uc740 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubc95\uc2e0\ubd88\uc740 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uba70, \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc0dd\uc774 \uadf8\ub97c \ub5a0\ub098 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uadf8 \uc218\ud589\uc758 \uc88b\uc740 \uacfc\ubcf4\ub85c \ubcf4\uc2e0\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0bc \uc218\uac00 \uc788\uace0, \uadf8 \uac1c\uc548(\u958b\u773c)\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uadf8 \ud654\uc2e0\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub610 \uadf8 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud654\uc2e0\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \ubc95 : \ubc95\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd \ucd9c\ud604\ud558\uae30 \uc774\uc804 \ubca0\ub2e4\uc2dc\ub300\ubd80\ud130 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc778\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 \uac1c\ub150\uc774\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \uc758\ubb34, \uc9c0\ucf1c\uc57c\ud560 \ubc95\uce59 \ub530\uc704\uc758 \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f0\uc600\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 ‘\uc788\ub294 \uac83\ub4e4’ \uc989 \ud604\uc0c1\uc0ac\ubb3c(\u4e8b\u7269)\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubd80\ub2e4\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc790\uc5f0 \uc18d\uc758 \uc81c\ud604\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \ubc95\uce59, \ub3c4\ub9ac\ub97c \uae68\ub2eb\uace0, \uadf8 \ubc95\uce59\uacfc \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc5b4\uae0b\ub0a8\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uba70 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70 \uc0dd\ud65c\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uc131\ucde8\ub41c \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ubc95\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uace0 \ubc95\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \ubc95\uc5d0 \uc5b4\uae0b\ub0a8\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc624\uc9c1 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ub9c8\uc74c\uac00\uc9d0\uc774 \ud63c\ubbf8\ud574\uc11c \uc774 \ubc95\uc744 \ubcf4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0, \ub4e3\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \ubc95\uc744 \ub530\ub97c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uc774\uc6c3\uc758 \ud654\ud569(integration)\uc744 \uae68\ub728\ub9ac\uace0 \ub300\ub9bd\uacfc \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\ud560 \ub54c, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0b6\uc744 \uc0ac\ub294 \uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc911\uc0dd(\u8846\u751f, sattva)\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc131\uc804(\u8056\u5178)\uc778 \uc0bc\uc7a5(\u4e09\u85cf, tri-pitaka, \uc989 \u7d93\u00b7\uf9d8\u00b7\u8ad6), \ub610\ub294 \ub300\uc7a5\uacbd(\u5927\u85cf\u7d93)[\uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3b8\uc9d1 \uc885\ud569\ub41c \u4e09\u85cf\uacfc \uc911\uad6d\ucc2c\uc220\uc758 \uc8fc\uc11d\uc11c, \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc11c \ub4f1\uc744 \ucd1d\ub9dd\ub77c\ud55c \uac83]\uc740 \ubc95\uc5d0 \uacfc\ud574 \uc124\ud558\uc2e0 \ubd80\ub2e4\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \uacbd(\u7d93)\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ubc95\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\uc744 \uc218\ub85d\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uc728(\uf9d8)\uc740 \ubd80\ub2e4\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uc81c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub97c \uc774\ub904 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc81c\ubc18 \uc728\uc758(\uf9d8\u5100)\ub97c \ub2f4\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \ub17c(\uf941)\uc740 \ubd80\ub2e4\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc124\ud558\uc2e0 \ubc95\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud6c4\ub300 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd80\uc5f0\uc124\uba85\uc744 \ub2f4\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ubc95\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uc740 \ub4e3\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4, \uacac\uc2dd\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \uae4a\uc774\uc5d0 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801 \ucc28\uc774\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \uacbd\uc804\uc740 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc778\uacfc\uc751\ubcf4, \uad8c\uc120\uc9d5\uc545(\u52f8\u5584\u61f2\u60e1)\uc758 \ub3c4\ub355\uc801\uc778 \ubc95\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud588\uace0 \ub610 \ucd9c\uac00\ud55c \uc2b9\ub824\ub97c \uc8fc\ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uba70 \uc5bc\ud54f\ubcf4\uba74 \ud604\uc2e4\ubd80\uc815\uc801 \uc5fc\uc138\uc801 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucd08\uae30 \uacbd\uc804\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 \ubc95\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uac01 \ubd80\ud30c(\u90e8\u6d3e)\uc758 \ud559\uc2b9\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud788 \uc138\ubc00\ud558\uac8c \ubd84\ub958\ub418\uace0 \uccb4\uacc4\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc544\ube44\ub2ec\ub9c8(\u963f\u6bd8\u9054\u78e8) \ub17c\uc11c(\uf941\u66f8)\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub17c\uc11c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 ‘\ubc95’\uc774\ub780 \uc774\ub984 \ubc11\uc5d0 ‘\uac1c\ub150’\ub4e4\uc774 \ubb34\uc218\ud788 \uc2e4\uccb4\ud654\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc0dd\uaca8, \uc11c\uae30\uc804 1\uc138\uae30\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc2b9\ubd88\uad50 \uc124\ubc95\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uadf8 \uc798\ubabb\uc774 \ub17c\ubc15\ub418\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub978\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4(\u822c\uf974\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a)\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ub192\uc774 \uccd0\ub4e0 \ub300\uc2b9\ubd88\uad50 \uc124\ubc95\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc11d\uac00\ubaa8\ub2c8\ubd88\uc758 \uc124\ubc95\ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc911 \ucd08\uae30 \uacbd\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uae4a\uc774 \ucc9c\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \uadfc\ubcf8\ud575\uc2ec \uc0ac\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc744 \ud798\uc8fc\uc5b4 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uacbd\uc804\ub4e4\uc744 \ud3b8\ucc2c\ud588\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubc29\ub300\ud55c \ub17c\uc11c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc624\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub300\uc2b9\uacbd\uc804\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc77c\uccb4\uc758 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc774 \uc778\uc5f0\ub530\ub77c \uc774\ub904\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud56d\uad6c\ubd88\ubcc0\uc758 \uc2e4\uccb4\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uacf5(\u7a7a)\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d1\ucc29\uc744 \ubc84\ub9b4 \uac83\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub300\uc2b9\ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ubc18\uc57c\uacbd\uc758 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb34\uc544(\u7121\u6211), \uacf5\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud574, \uc778\uac04 \uc644\uc131\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc778 \ubd80\ub2e4\uc758 \uacbd\uc9c0\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \ud544\uc218\uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubcf4\uc0b4(\u83e9\u85a9)\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\ud589\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc911\uc0dd\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\uc11c ‘\uae68\ub2ec\uc740 \uc911\uc0dd” \uc989 \ubcf4\uc0b4(bodhisattva)\uc758 \uc0b6\uc73c\ub85c \ud601\uba85\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uae30\uc804\ud658\uc744 \uc774\ub8e9\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub300\uc2b9\uacbd\uc804\uc758 \uacf5\ud1b5\ub41c \uc124\ubc95\ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\ub2e4. \uc720\ub9c8\uacbd(\u7dad\u6469\u7d93), \ubc95\ud654\uacbd(\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93), \uc5f4\ubc18\uacbd(\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93), \ub2a5\uac00\uacbd( \u99d5\u7d93), \ud574\uc2ec\ubc00\uacbd(\u89e3\u6df1\u871c\u7d93), \uc2b9\ub9cc\uacbd(\u52dd \u7d93), \ubb34\ub7c9\uc218\uacbd(\u7121\u91cf\u58fd\u7d93), \ud654\uc5c4\uacbd(\u83ef\u56b4\u7d93) \ub4f1\uc774 \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \ub300\uc2b9\uacbd\uc804\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub17c\uc11c\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc218(\uf9c4\u6a39, 150\u223c250)\uc758 \uc911\ub860(\u4e2d\u8ad6), \ub300\uc9c0\ub3c4\ub860(\u5927\u77e5\u5ea6\u8ad6), \ubbf8\ub975(\u5f4c\u52d2, 270\u223c350)\uc758 \uc720\uac00\ub860(\u745c\u4f3d\u8ad6), \ubcf4\uc131\ub860(\u5bf6\u6027\u8ad6), \ubb34\ucc29(\u7121\u8457, 310\u223c390)\uc758 \uc12d\ub300\uc2b9\ub860(\u651d\u5927\u4e58\u8ad6), \uc138\uce5c(\u4e16\u89aa, 320\u223c400)\uc758 \uc720\uc2dd\ub860(\u552f\u8b58\u8ad6), \ub9c8\uba85(\u99ac\u9cf4, 2\uc138\uae30)\uc758 \ub300\uc2b9\uae30\uc2e0\ub860(\u5927\u4e58\u8d77\u4fe1\u8ad6)\ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubb38\ud5cc\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc758\uacbd(\uf9ba\u7fa9\u7d93)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubc95\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ub2f4\uaca8\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\uc5b4 \ubd88\uc694\uc758\uacbd\uacfc \uad6c\ubcc4\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc815\ubc95(\u6b63\u6cd5)\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub294 \ubb38\uad6c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc758\uac70\ud574\uc11c \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uae4a\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud130\ub4dd\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c0\ud61c\uc758 \uacc4\ubc1c\ub85c\uc368\ub9cc \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub7ec\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ubcf4\uc0b4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uacc4(\u6212)\ub97c \ubc14\ub974\uac8c \uc9c0\ud0a4\uace0, \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc120\uc815(\u79aa\u5b9a)\uc5d0 \ud798\uc4f0\ub294 \uc218\ud589\uc774 \uc808\ub300\ud544\uc218\uc758 \uc694\uac74\uc784\uc774 \uac15\uc870\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \uc2b9 : \uc2b9\uc774\ub780 \uc778\ub3c4\ub9d0 \uc0c1\uac00(\u50e7\u4f3d, Samgha)\uc758 \uc900\ub9d0\ub85c \ud654\ud569\ub41c \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uad6c\uc131\ubd84\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc138\uc18d\uc801 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ub4f1\uc9c0\uace0 \ucd9c\uac00\ud55c \ube44\uad6c \u00b7 \ube44\uad6c\ub2c8\uc640, \uc138\uc18d\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\uac00 \uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc6b0\ubc14\uc0c8 \u00b7 \uc6b0\ubc14\uc774\uc758 \uc0ac\ubd80\ub300\uc911(\u56db\u90e8\u5927\u8846)\uc73c\ub85c \ubabb\ubc15\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ucd9c\uac00 \uc740\ub454\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 ‘\uc0c1\uac00’\uad00\uc740 \ub300\uc2b9\ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ub300\ub450\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ubc14\ub00c\uc5b4 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc911\uc0dd\uc774 \ub2e4 \uc5ec\ub798(\u5982\u4f86), \uc989 \ubd80\ub2e4\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc528\uc54c\ub85c\uc11c \uc774 \uc911\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uac00 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c ‘\uc0c1\uac00’\ub780 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ud574\uc11d\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ub77c\uc758 \uc6d0\ud6a8 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uad11\ubc94\ud55c ‘\uc0c1\uac00’\uad00\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc774\ub97c \uc120\ud3ec\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubd88\uad50 1. \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc804\uac1c : \ud55c\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \ub300\ub7b5 \uc655\uc870\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad6c\ubd84\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \u2460 \uc0bc\uad6d \ubc0f \ud1b5\uc77c\uc2e0\ub77c\uc2dc\ub300(372\u223c917\ub144) : \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc218\uc6a9(\u53d7\u5bb9)\ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ub300 \u2461 \uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300(918\u223c1392\ub144) : \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ub09c\uc219\uc2dc\ub300 \u2462 \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300(1392\u223c1910\ub144) : \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc1e0\ud1f4\uc2dc\ub300 \u2463 \uc77c\uc81c\uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uc2dc\ub300(1910\u223c1945\ub144) : \uacfc\ub3c4\uc801 \uc2dc\ub300 \u2464 \uad11\ubcf5\ud6c4(1945\u223c\ud604\uc7ac) : \ubd88\uad50\uc911\ud765\ubaa8\uc0c9\uc2dc\ub300<\/p>\n
1984\ub144 \ud604\uc7ac\ub85c\uc11c \ubd88\uad50 \uc218\uc6a9 1612\ub144\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d\ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0 1020\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uad50 \ubc0f \ucca0\ud559\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uae30\uac04 \uc815\uc2e0\ubb38\ud654\uc758 \uad6c\uc2e4\uc744 \ud574\uc654\ub2e4. \uace0\ub824\uc758 \ub9d0\uae30\uc5d0 \uc131\ub9ac\ud559\uc774 \uc218\uc785\ub418\uace0 \ubd88\uad50 \uacc4 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ud0c0\uc131\uc801 \uc1e0\ud1f4\ud604\uc0c1\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc2f9\ud2bc \uc22d\uc720\ubc30\ubd88\uc815\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 14\uc138\uae30 \ub9d0\ubd80\ud130 \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uba85\ub9e5\uc740 \ub04a\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ub4ef \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uacc4\uc18d \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ub048\uc9c8\uae34 \uc0dd\uba85\ub825\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud574 \uc634\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc885\uad50, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8f8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uc720\uc0b0\uc774 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2460 \uc0bc\uad6d \ubc0f \ud1b5\uc77c\uc2e0\ub77c \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubd88\uad50\uc218\uc6a9 \ubc0f \ubc1c\uc804 : \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc628 \uac83\uc740 \uace0\uad6c\ub824 \uc18c\uc218\ub9bc\uc655(\u5c0f\u7378\u6797\u738b) 2\ub144(372\ub144)\uc5d0 \uc804\uc9c4(\u524d\u79e6)\uc758 \uc655 \ubd80\uacac(-\u5805)\uc774 \ubd88\uc0c1\uacfc \ubd88\uacbd\uc744 \uc21c\ub3c4(\u9806\u9053)\ub780 \uc2a4\ub2d8\uc744 \uc2dc\ucf1c \uc804\ud558\uac8c \ud55c \ub370\uc11c \ube44\ub86f\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 2\ub144 \ud6c4 \uc544\ub3c4(\u963f\u5ea6)\ud654\uc0c1\uc774 \uc624\uace0 \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc774 \ub450 \uc2a4\ub2d8\uc744 \uac01\uac01 \uc131\ubb38\uc0ac(\u7701\u9580\u5bfa)\uc640 \uc774\ubd88\ub780\uc0ac(\u4f0a\u4f5b\u862d\u5bfa)\ub780 \uc808\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \ubc31\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \uac83\uc740 384\ub144 \uc778\ub3c4\uc2b9 \ub9c8\ub77c\ub09c\ub2e4\uac00 \uad81\uc911\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c\uc0b0\uc8fc(\u6f22\u5c71\u5dde)\uc5d0 \uc808\uc774 \uc138\uc6cc\uc9c0\uace0 \uc2b9\ub824 10\uc5ec\uba85\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \ud6c4\ubd80\ud130\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ub77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub2a6\uac8c \ub20c\uc9c0\uc655(\u8a25\u7957\u738b, 417\u223c452) \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc544\ub3c4(\u963f\u5ea6) \ub610\ub294 \ubb35\ud638\uc790(\u58a8\u80e1\u5b50)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uac00 \uc624\uba74\uc11c\ubd80\ud130\uc778\ub370, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \uacf5\uc778\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uac00 527\ub144\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c \uc774\ucc28\ub3c8(\u7570\u6b21\u9813)\uc758 \uc21c\uad50\uac00 \uc788\uc740 \ud6c4 \uc655\uacfc \ub300\uc2e0\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uad50\uc218\uc6a9\uc758 \uc77c\uce58\ub41c \uacb0\uc758\uac00 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub2e4. \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uc778\ub418\uace0 \uadf8\ud6c4 \uac00\uc7a5 \ucc29\uc2e4\ud55c \ubd88\uad50\uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \uc774\ub904\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uacb0\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc2e0\ub77c\uc758 \uad6d\ub825 \ubc30\uc591\uc758 \uc6d0\ub3d9\ub825\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc2e0\ub77c\ubb38\ud654\uc758 \uadfc\uac04\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc0bc\uad6d\ud1b5\uc77c\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ucf00 \ud558\uace0, \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ud55c\ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\ubb38\ud654\uc758 \uadfc\uac04\uc774 \ub418\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ub77c\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubd88\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \uc81c1\uae30 \ub20c\uc9c0\uc655\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc5f4\uc655\uae4c\uc9c0(417\u223c660)\uc758 \uc218\uc785\uc2dc\ub300, \uc81c2\uae30 \ubb38\ubb34\uc655\uc5d0\uc11c \uc560\uc7a5\uc655\uae4c\uc9c0(661\u223c808\ub144)\uc758 \uad50\uc885\ubd84\ub9bd\uc2dc\ub300(\u654e\u5b97\u5206\u7acb\u6642\u4ee3), \uc81c3\uae30 \ud604\ub355\uc655\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\uc21c\uc655\ub9d0\uae4c\uc9c0(809\u223c935\ub144)\uc758 \uc120\uc885\uc6b8\ud765\uc2dc\ub300(\u79aa\u5b97\u851a\u8208\u6642\u4ee3)\uc758 3\uae30\ub85c \ub098\ub204\ub294 \ud559\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uba85\uce6d\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2dc\ub300\uad6c\ubd84\uc740 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \uc81c1\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 527\ub144\uc758 \uc774\ucc28\ub3c8 \uc21c\uad50 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc655\ub4e4\uacfc \uadf8 \uc8fc\ubcc0\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\uce35 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd88(\u4fe1\u4f5b)\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uac00 \uc5f4\ub82c\ud558\uace0 \ub9ce\uc740 \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud55c \uc778\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uc774\uace0 \ubc30\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uace0\uad6c\ub824\uc655\uc2e4\uc758 \ubd88\uad50 \uacbd\uc2dc\ub294 \uadf8 \uc804\uc81c\uc801 \ube44\ub3c4\ub355\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uacfc \ubd80\ud569\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud61c\ub7c9(\u6167\u4eae)\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uace0\uc2b9\uc774 \uc2e0\ub77c\ub85c \ub118\uc5b4\uc640 \uc774\uacf3\uc758 \uc2b9\ud1b5(\u50e7\u7d71)\uc774 \ub418\uace0, \uc720\ub2a5\ud55c \uc778\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc744 \uc591\uc131\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\uace0, \uadf8 \uacb0\uacfc \ud604\uad11(\u7384\u5149), \uc548\ud64d(\u5b89\u5f18), \uc6d0\uad11(\u5713\u5149) \uc9c0\uba85(\u667a\u660e), \ub2f4\uc721(\u66c7\u80b2), \uba85\ub791(\u660e\u6717), \uc790\uc7a5(\u6148\u85cf), \uc6d0\ud6a8(\u5143\u66c9), \uc758\uc0c1(\u7fa9\u6e58) \ub4f1\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc801 \uc778\uc7ac\uac00 \ubc30\ucd9c\ub418\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \ub610 \uc774\ub4e4\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uc720\ub300 \uc544\ub798 \uad6d\uc655 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc7a5\uad70, \uccad\ub144 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uae4c\uc9c0\uac00 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc131\uacfc \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801 \ub355\uc131\uc774 \ud0c1\uc6d4\ud55c \ub2a5\ub825\uc790\ub85c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc81c2\uae30\ub97c \uad50\uc885\ubd84\ub9bd\uc2dc\ub300\ub77c\uace0 \uce6d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uce58 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uc885\ud30c\uc758 \ud615\uc131 \ubd84\ub9bd\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \ud655\uace0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud6c4\ub300\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc885\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub300\uc2b9\uacbd\uc804\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uad50\uc721\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud65c\ubc1c\ud558\uac8c \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2dc\uae30\uac00 \uc774 \uc81c2\uae30\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ed\uc2dc \uace0\uad6c\ub824 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2b9\ub824\uc778 \ubcf4\ub355(\u666e\u5fb7)\uc740 \uc5f4\ubc18\uacbd\uc744 \uc790\uc7a5\uc740 \uc728\uc7a5(\uf9d8\u85cf)\uc744, \uc6d0\ud6a8\uc640 \uc758\uc0c1\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \ud654\uc5c4\uacbd\uc744, \uc9c4\ud45c(\u771e\u8868)\ub294 \uc720\uac00\u00b7\uc720\uc2dd\uacc4\ud1b5\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc744, \uba85\ub791\uc740 \ubc00\uad50\uacbd\uc804\uc744 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \uc88b\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \ud55c \uac00\uc9c0 \uacbd\uc804\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc758\uc874\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uae30\uc5b5\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc81c3\uae30\ub294 \uc120\ubb38\uad6c\uc0b0(\u79aa\u9580\u4e5d\u5c71)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\ub9bd\ub41c \uc120\uc885(\u79aa\u5b97)\uc758 \uc81c\ud30c(\u8af8\u6ce2)\uac00 \ucc28\ub840\ub85c \uc2e0\ub77c \ub545\uc5d0 \uc218\uc785 \uc804\ub798\ub41c \uc2dc\uae30\uc784\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uad50\ud559(\u654e\u5b78)\uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc1e0\ud1f4\ud558\uace0, \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\uacc4\uc758 \uae30\uac15\uc774 \ud574\uc774\ub41c \uc2dc\uae30\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544\ub3c4 \uc88b\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2461 \uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubd88\uad50 \u326e \uc804\uae30 : \uace0\ub824\uc655\uc870\uc758 \uc2dc\uc870 \uc655\uac74(\u738b\u5efa)\uc740 \uadf8 \uc544\ubc84\uc9c0 \uc655\uc735(\u738b\uf9dc)\uc774 \uac00\uae5d\uac8c \uc9c0\ub0b4\ub358 \ub3c4\uc120(\u9053\u8a75)\uc758 \uc8fc\ub825(\u546a\u529b)\uc744 \ud06c\uac8c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\uc220\uc801 \uc2e0\uc559\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \ubd88\uad50\ub97c \ubbff\uc5b4 \uc628 \ub9d0\ud558\uc790\uba74 \uac74\uac15\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \uc2e0\uc2ec\uc758 \uc18c\uc720\uc790\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc655\uac74\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uace0\ub824\uc758 \uc804\uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uac08 \uac83\uc778\uac00\ub97c \uc608\uc2dc(\u8c6b\u793a)\ud558\ub294 \uc9d5\uc870\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uac1c\uc131 \ub0b4\uc678\uc5d0 \uc2ed\ub300 \uac00\ub78c\uc744 \uc124\uce58\ud558\uace0 \ub610 \ucc9c\ud638\uc0b0(\u5929\u8b77\u5c71)\uc5d0\ub294 \uac1c\ud0dc\uc0ac(\u958b\u6cf0\u5bfa)\ub97c \uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \ud638\uad6d\uc758 \ub3c4\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294\ub2e4. \ud6c8\uc694\uc2ed\uc870(\u8a13\u8981\u5341\u689d)\ub3c4 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub3c4\ucc38\uc0ac\uc0c1(\u5716\u8b96\u601d\u60f3)\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub85c\uc7a1\ud600 \uc788\uace0, \ud314\uad00\ud68c(\u516b\u95dc\u6703) \ub4f1\uc758 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \ubc95\uc11d(\u6cd5\u5e2d)\ub3c4 \uc628\ud1b5 \uae30\ubcf5\uc591\uc7ac(\u7948\u798f\u79b3\u707d)\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc84c\uc744 \ubfd0 \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ubc18\uc57c\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774\ub77c\ub4e0\uac00, \ubcf4\uc0b4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc774\ud0c0\ud589 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc774\ub77c\ub4e0\uac00 \ud558\ub294 \uad50\ub9ac \uc774\ud574\uc640 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801 \uc724\ub9ac\uc758\uc2dd \ub530\uc704\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc678\ud615\uc0c1 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubd88\uad50\uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uba74\ubaa8\ub97c \uac16\ucd98 \uc2dc\uae30\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uce58\uc6b0\uccd0 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \ub098\uc57d\ud55c \ud0c0\ub825\uc2e0\uc559 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ubab0\uace0 \uac00 \uc790\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2dc\ub828\uacfc \ub3c4\uc804\uc5d0 \ub300\ucc98\ud574 \uc774\ub97c \uadf9\ubcf5\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud798\uc744 \ud0a4\uc6b0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ub9cc \ub290\ub08c\uc774 \uc9d9\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad11\uc885(\u5149\u5b97) \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2b9\uacfc(\u50e7\u79d1)\ub97c \ub450\uc5b4 \uc2b9\ub824\ub97c \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ubc1c\ud574 \ub300\uc6b0\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud65c\ub3d9\ud55c \uace0\uc2b9\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uc0ac(\u570b\u5e2b) \u00b7 \uc655\uc0ac(\u738b\u5e2b)\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uc774\uac00 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4. \ud0c4\ubb38(\u5766\u6587), \uade0\uc5ec(\u5747\u5982), \uacb0\uc751(\u6c7a\u51dd), \uc815\ud604(\u9f0e\u8ce2), \ud574\ub9b0(\u6d77\u9e9f) \ub4f1\uc774 \uad50\uc885(\u654e\u5b97) \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uad6d\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ucc2c\uc720(\u74a8\u5e7d), \uae0d\uc591(\u5162\u8b93), \uc9c0\uc885(\u667a\u5b97) \ub4f1\uc774 \uc120\ubb38 \ucd9c\uc2e0\uc758 \uad6d\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc655\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ucd9c\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uad6d\uc0ac\uac00 \ub41c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774 \ub300\uac01\uad6d\uc0ac(\u5927\u89ba\u570b\u5e2b) \uc758\ucc9c(\u7fa9\u5929)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \u326f \ud6c4\uae30 : \uc131\uc885(\u6210\u5b97) \ub54c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0c1 \ucd5c\uc2b9\ub85c(\u5d14\u627f\u8001)\ub294 \uc2dc\ubb3428\uc870(\u6642\u52d928\u689d)\ub97c \uc368 \ubc14\uccd0 \uadf8 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ud3d0\ub2e8\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud76c\uc885(\u7199\u5b97) \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c0\ub20c(\u77e5\u8a25)\uc774 \uac00\uc9c0\uc0b0(\u8fe6\u667a\u5c71) \ubb38\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 \uc2b9\ub824\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uac15\uc744 \ubc14\ub85c \uc7a1\uace0 \ubd88\uad50\uacc4\uc758 \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubabd\uace0\uc871\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc774 \ucee4\uc9d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ubc00\uad50\ud654\uacbd\ud5a5\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud654\ub418\uace0 \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc2e0\ub3c8(\u8f9b\u65fd)\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc694\uc2b9\ub4e4\uc774 \uc655\uc2e4\uc8fc\ubcc0\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\ud638\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc720\uc0dd\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubc30\ubd88\uc758 \ud48d\uc870\uac00 \uac70\uc138\uac8c \uc77c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2462 \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubd88\uad50 : \ud0dc\uc870(\u592a\u7956)\uc758 \uac1c\uad6d(1392\ub144)\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubb38\uc885(\u6587\u5b97) \ub9d0\ub144(1455\ub144)\uae4c\uc9c0 63\ub144\uac04\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc555\ubc15\uc774 \uc808\uc815\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf8\ub2e4. \ud0dc\uc870\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\uc2ec\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc870\ud0d1 \u00b7 \uc870\uc0ac(\u9020\u5854 \u00b7 \u9020\u5bfa), \ub3c4\ub7c9(\u9053\u5834)\uc758 \uac1c\uc124 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud558\uba70 \uae30\ubcf5\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c8\uc73c\ub098, \uac1c\uad6d\uacf5\uc2e0 \uc815\ub3c4\uc804(\u912d\u9053\u50b3) \ub4f1 \uc720\uc2e0(\u5112\u81e3)\uc758 \uac15\ud55c \ubc18\ubc1c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub294 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc838 \ud0dc\uc885 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc30\ubd88(\u6392\u4f5b)\uc774 \uc808\uc815\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae08\uc911(\u7981\u4e2d)\uc5d0 \ub450\uc5c8\ub358 \uc1a1\uc8fc\uc2b9\uc778(\u8aa6\u546a\u50e7\u4eba)\uc744 \uc5c6\uc560\uace0 \uc0ac\ucc30\uc758 \ub17c\ubc2d\uacfc \ub178\ube44\ub97c \uad70\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ub3cc\ub9ac\uace0, \uc0ac\ucc30\uc218\ub97c \uc904\uc5ec \uc804\uad6d\uc5d0 11\uc885(\u5b97) 242\uc0ac\ucc30\ub9cc\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815 \uc720\uc9c0\ucf00 \ud558\uace0 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0\ub294 \ub2e4 \ud3d0\uc9c0\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ubc30\ubd88\uc815\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2b9\ub824\uc758 \uc131\uc678 \ucd95\ucd9c, \ub3c4\uc2b9\ubc95(\u5ea6\u50e7\u6cd5), \uc2b9\uacfc, \uc2b9\ub85d\uc0ac(\u50e7\u9304\u53f8)\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0, \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0c1(\u55aa)\uc744 \uc785\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\ucc30 \ucd9c\uc785\uacfc \uc0ac\ucc30\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uacf5 \ub610\ub294 \uc7ac\ub97c \ub4dc\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83 \ub4f1\uc758 \uae08\uc9c0\uac00 \uac01 \ubc29\uba74\uc5d0 \ubbf8\ucce4\uace0, \uc138\uc885 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub450 \ucc28\ub840\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \ud569\uc885(\u5408\u5b97)\uc744 \ub2e8\ud589\ud558\uc5ec \uc870\uacc4(\u66f9\u6eaa) \u00b7 \ucc9c\ud0dc(\u5929\u53f0) \u00b7 \ucd1d\ub0a8(\u6460\u5357)\uc758 \uc0bc\uc885\uacc4\ub97c \uc120\uc885(\u79aa\u5b97)\uc73c\ub85c \ubb36\uace0, \ud654\uc5c4 \u00b7 \uc790\uc740(\u6148\u6069) \u00b7 \uc911\uc2e0(\u4e2d\u795e) \u00b7 \uc2dc\ud765(\u59cb\u8208) \ub4f1\uc744 \uad50\uc885(\u654e\u5b97)\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc120\u00b7\uad50 \uc591\uc885\uc73c\ub85c \ucd95\uc18c\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc804\uad6d\uc5d0 3,720\uba85\uc758 \uc2b9\ub824\ub9cc\uc744 \ub0a8\uae30\ub294 \uc0ac\ud0dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc138\uc870(\uc7ac\uc704 : 1456-1468)\uc758 \uc77c\ub300\uc640 \uba85\uc885(\uc7ac\uc704 : 1546-1566)\uc758 \ucd08\uae30, \uc120\uc870(1567-1607)\uc758 \ub9d0\ub144 \ub4f1 \uc138 \ucc28\ub840\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc655\uc2e4\uc758 \ubd09\ubd88(\u5949\u4f5b)\uc774 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc774 \ub418\ub9e4, \uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc544\uc8fc \uc808\uba78\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uadf8 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc655\uad8c\uc758 \ubcc0\ub355\uc2a4\ub7f0 \uac1c\uc785\uc774 \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc131\uc1e0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\uc9c0\uc740 \uac83 \uac19\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc138\ubc00\ud788 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574 \ubcf4\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\uacc4 \ud604\uc2e4\uc758 \ud0c0\ub77d\uc774 \uadf8 \uc1e0\ud1f4\ub97c \uc790\ucd08\ud588\uace0, \ubd88\uad50 \ubcf8\uc5f0\uc758 \ubd88\ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uadf8 \uba85\ub9e5\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ucf00 \ud574 \uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\ub3c4 \uacfc\uc5b8\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc704\uc758 \uc138 \uad6d\uc655\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd88\ud0dc\ub3c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uae30\ubcf5\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \uc9d9\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uc885\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc2e0\ubbf8(\u4fe1\u7709)\ub098 \ubcf4\uc6b0(\u666e\u96e8), \ud734\uc815(\u4f11\u975c) \ub4f1\uc774 \uadf8 \ubd88\uad50 \uc560\ud638\uc790\ub97c \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc815\ubc95(\u6b63\u6cd5)\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc774 \uc778\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \uc758\uc2ec\uc2a4\ub7fc\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc778\uc870(\u4ec1\u7956) \ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d\uac15\uc810\uae4c\uc9c0(1623-1909\ub144)\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc720\uad50\uc758 \uacb0\ubcbd\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \ubc30\ubd88\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uc804\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud55c \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \uc774\ub904\uc9c0\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ub54c\ub85c \uae30\ubcf5\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \uc774\uc6a9\ub418\uac70\ub098 \ub610 \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc2b9\ub824\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc801 \ub178\ub3d9\ub825\uc774 \uc774\uc6a9 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370, \uac04\uc2e0\ud788 \uc0b0\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uce69\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \uc18c\uadf9\uc801 \uc218\ud589\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc18d\ud574 \uac08 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2463 \uc77c\uc81c \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0\uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \uc2dc\uc791\ub428\uacfc \ub54c\ub97c \uac19\uc774\ud558\uc5ec \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc77c\ubcf8\ud654 \uacf5\uc791\uc774 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc2b9\ub824\uc758 \uc785\uc131\uae08\uc9c0 \ud574\uc81c \ub4f1 \uc57d\uac04\uc758 \uc228\ud1b5\uc774 \ud2b8\uc774\uae30\ub294 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d \uc2b9\ub824\ub4e4\uac04\uc5d0\ub294 \uacf5\uc5f0\ud55c \ud30c\ubc8c \ub300\ub9bd\ub9cc\uc774 \ub178\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \ubd88\uad50 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \uc774\ub8e9\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc624\ub79c \uc815\uccb4\uc0dd\ud65c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \uc5ec\uac74\uc758 \uacb0\ud54d\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \ucda9\uc2e4\ud55c \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uba54\uc6cc\uc838\uc57c \ud588\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uad50\uacc4\ub294 \uacf5\uc804\ub9cc \uac70\ub4ed\ud588\uace0, \uc774\uac83\uc744 \uc548\ud0c0\uae5d\uac8c \uc5ec\uae34 \ud55c\uc6a9\uc6b4(\u97d3\uf9c4\u96f2)\uc774 \uc870\uc120 \ubd88\uad50\uc720\uc2e0\uc744 \uc808\uaddc\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8 \ud574\ub2f5\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \ubbf8\ub904\uc9c0\ub294 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad11\ubcf5 \ud6c4 40\ub144\uc774 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubd88\uad50\uc911\ud765\uc758 \uc18c\ub9ac\ub294 \ub04a\uc778 \ub0a0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \ub3d9\uad6d\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ubd88\uad50\ub300\ud559\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ubd88\uad50 \uad50\uc721\ub3c4 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ube44\uad6c\u00b7\ub300\ucc98\uac04\uc758 \ud30c\ubc8c\uc2f8\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uad50\uacc4\ub294 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc5b4 \uc624\ub2e4\uac00 \uc870\uacc4 \u00b7 \ud0dc\uace0 \uc591\uc885\uc73c\ub85c \uac01\uac01 \uc81c\uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \uad73\ud600 \uc774 \ubd84\uaddc\uac00 \uc885\uc2dd\ub41c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc870\uacc4\uc885 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud5e4\uac8c\ubaa8\ub2c8 \ub2e4\ud23c\uc73c\ub85c \uc4f8\ub370\uc5c6\ub294 \ud798\uc758 \ub0ad\ube44\ub9cc\uc744 \uc77c\uc0bc\uc544 \uc654\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uad11\ubcf5 \ud6c4 \ud55c\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\uacc4\ub294 \uc7ac\uac00\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ubcf4\uc0b4 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc810\ucc28 \ud655\ub300\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc790\uadf9\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc804\ud1b5 \uc885\ub2e8 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \uac01\uc131\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c8\uc9c0\ub294 \ub450\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud560 \uc77c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \ud55c\uad6d\ubd88\uad50\uc758 \ud2b9\uc0c9 \u2460 \uc0e4\uba38\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5 : \ud55c\uad6d\ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc785\uc740 \uc0e4\uba38\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \uc778\uc0dd(\u4eba\u751f)\uc758 \uae38\ud749\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \uadc0\uc2e0\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\ub839(\u6b7b\u9748)\uc758 \uc740\ud61c\uc640 \ubd84\ub178\uc5d0 \ube44\ub86f\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01, \ubb34\ub2f9\uacfc \uad7f\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574, \uae30\ubcf5 \uc591\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \ud604\uc138\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0e4\uba38\ub2c8\uc998\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \uae4a\uc740 \uacf5\ubd80\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd88\uad50 \uc2b9\ub824, \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc838 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \ub54c\ub54c\ub85c \uc0e4\uba38\ub2c8\uc998\uc778\uc9c0 \ubd88\uad50\uc778\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ubcc0\uc6a9(\u8b8a\u5bb9)\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc11c\ubbfc\uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc808\ubc15\ud55c \uace4\uacbd\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud574 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc11c\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc704\uc548\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud588\ub358 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uace0, \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae4a\uc740 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc758\ubb38\uc774\ub098 \ubc18\uc131\uc5d0\ub294 \ud070 \ud765\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0\ub3c4 \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc740 \uc624\uc9c1 6\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c 8\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \uae30\uac04 \uc2e0\ub77c\uc758 \uace0\uc2b9\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uadf9\ubcf5\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2461 \ud638\uad6d\ubd88\uad50(\u8b77\u570b\u4f5b\u654e)\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec : \ud638\uad6d\ubd88\uad50\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc655\uc2e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub3c4\uc785\ub418\uc5b4, \uc655\uc2e4\uc758 \ube44\ud638 \uc5c6\uc774\ub294 \uba85\ub9e5\uc758 \uc720\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b8 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uc655\uad8c \ub610\ub294 \uad6d\uac00 \uc9c0\ubc30 \uc138\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\uace0, \ud55c\ud3b8 \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc655\uc2e4\uacfc \uad6d\ud1a0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2e0\ubbfc\uc744 \ucc9c\uc7ac\uc9c0\ubcc0, \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \uc9c8\ubcd1\uacfc \uc561\uc6b4, \uc678\uc801\uc758 \uce68\uc785, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ud63c\ub780 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae34\uc694\ud55c \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub9e1\uc558\ub358 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c \uc131\uaca9\uc774\uc9c0 \uacb0\ucf54 \ud55c\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\ub9cc\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \uc54c\uc544\uc57c \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub610 \ub458\uc9f8\ub85c\ub294 \ud638\uad6d\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub41c \uc778\uc655\ud638\uad6d\ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4\uacbd(\u4ec1\u738b\u8b77\u570b\u822c\uf974\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\u7d93)\uc774\ub098 \uae08\uad11\uba85\ucd5c\uc2b9\uc655\uacbd(\uf90a\u5149\u660e\u6700\u52dd\u738b\u7d93) \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \ud638\uad6d\uc774\ub780 \ubc18\uc57c\ubc14\ub77c\ubc00\ub2e4 \uc989 \uc9c0\ud61c\uc758 \uadf9\uce58\ub97c \uc774\ub8e9\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud55c \uac1c\uc778 \ub610\ub294 \uac00\uc815, \ubbfc\uc871, \uad6d\uac00 \ub4f1 \uac16\uac00\uc9c0 \uc720\uae30\uc801 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c, \uc989 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uad6d\ud1a0\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uad6d\ud1a0\uac00 \uc798 \uc9c0\ucf1c\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc55e\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \uc2e0\ub77c\ubd88\uad50 \uc804\uc131\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\ucc9c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc88b\uc740 \uc131\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0e4\uba38\ub2c8\uc998 \uae30\ubcf5\uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uacb0\ubd80\ub418\uc5b4 \ub0b4\uba74\uc801 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc790\uc138\uc758 \ud568\uc591\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc678\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc2dd\uc758 \uc8fc\ub825\uc744 \ubbff\ub294 \ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ud758\ub7ec\uac10\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud0c0\ub77d\uc0c1\uc744 \ubcf4\uc774\uace0 \ubd88\uad50 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud070 \uc0c1\ucc98\ub97c \uc785\ud788\uace0 \ub9cc \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2462 \uc885\ud30c\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \uc9c0\uc591\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc6d0\uc735\ud68c\ud1b5(\u5713\u878d\u6703\u901a)\uc801 \uc9c4\ub9ac \uc774\ud574 : \uc2e0\ub77c\uc758 \uc6d0\uad11\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\ud6a8\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uc694\uc758\uacbd\uc804(\uf9ba\u7fa9\u7d93\u5178)\uc758 \uae4a\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubd88\uad50\uad50\uc124\uc758 \uc885\ud569\uc801 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \uc774\ud574\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc790, \uc6d0\uc2dc\ubd88\uad50\ub098 \ubd80\ud30c\ubd88\uad50\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68, \ub098\uc544\uac00\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc870\uc694\uc758 \uad50\ud6c8\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc911\ub3c4\uc81c\uc77c\uc758\uccb4(\u4e2d\u9053\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u8ae6)\ub85c \ubaa8\uc21c \uc5c6\uc774 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uad00\uc6a9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294<\/p>\n
\uc6d0\uc735\ud68c\ud1b5\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ub0b3\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9c4\ub9ac \uc774\ud574\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd, \uc9c4\ub9ac \uc2e4\ud604\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uc0dd\uc740 \uc544\ubb34\ub3c4 \uc18c\uc678\ub2f9\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc218\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc12d\uc218(\u651d\u53d7)\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc774 \ubcf4\uae09\ub418\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ud55c\uad6d \ubd88\uad50\uac00 \uc138\uacc4\uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ub791\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 \uae30\uc5ec\ub97c \ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ub4e4\ub77c \ud558\uba74, \uc6d0\ud6a8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud654\ub791\ub3c4\ub85c\uc368 \uad6c\uccb4\ud654\ub41c \uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc774 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \uc774\ub8e9\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc815\uc2e0\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6d0\ud6a8\ub294 “\uc77c\uc2ec(\u4e00\u5fc3)\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\ub3cc\uc544\uac00 \uc911\uc0dd\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc8fc\ub77c”\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 ‘\ud654\uc7c1'(\u548c\u8acd), \uc774\ub860\uc2f8\uc6c0, \ub9d0\ub2e4\ud23c\uc744 \uc5c6\uac8c \ud654\ud574\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uc6d0\ud6a8\ub294 \uc885\ud30c\uac00 \ub300\ub9bd\uc801 \uc544\uc9d1(\u6211\u57f7)\uc774\ub098 \ubc95\uc9d1(\u6cd5\u57f7)\uc758 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \ucc28\ub77c\ub9ac \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc \ubabb\ud568\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uace0, \ucc38\ub41c \uc790\uae30\uc2e4\ud604\uc758 \ubc29\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc7a0\uc815\uc801 \ubc29\ud3b8\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \uc0b4\ub824\uc9c0\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \uc790\uae30 \ubd80\uc815, \ubb34\uc18c\uc720\uc758 \uc790\uac01\uc774 \ud22c\ucca0\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uace0\ub824\uc758 \uc758\ucc9c(\u7fa9\u5929, 1055-1101)\uc774\ub098 \uc9c0\ub20c(\u77e5\u8a25, 1158-1210), \uc870\uc120\uc870\uc758 \uae30\ud654(\u5df1\u548c, 1368-1433), \ud734\uc815(\u4f11\u975c, 1530-1604), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc77c\uc81c \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc9c0 \uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ud55c\uc6a9\uc6b4(1879-1944) \ub4f1\uc740 \ud55c\uacb0\uac19\uc774 \uc6d0\ud6a8\uc758 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc6d0\uc735\ud68c\ud1b5\uc801 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc7ac\ud765 \uc18c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0ac \uac83\uc744 \uc5fc\uc6d0\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubd88\uad50\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uc815\ud1b5(\u6b63\u7d71)\uc744 \uc787\ub294 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. (\uf9e1\u7b95\u6c38)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] \u6b0a\u76f8\uf934, \u671d\u9bae\u4f5b\u654e\u53f2\u69ea\u8ad6, \u4f5b\u654e\u6642\u5831\u793e, 1939; \u671d\u9bae\u4f5b\u654e\u53f2\u85c1, \u4e2d\u592e\u4f5b\u654e\u5c08\u9580\u5b78\u6821(\ub4f1\uc0ac\ubcf8), 1940 \/ \uf9e1\u80fd\u548c, \u671d\u9bae\u4f5b\u654e\u901a\u53f2, \u4e0a \u00b7 \u4e2d \u00b7 \u4e0b, \u6176\u7199\u51fa\u7248\u793e \u5f71\u5370\u672c, 1968 \/ \u79b9\u8c9e\u76f8 \u00b7 \u91d1 \u6cf0, \u97d3\u570b\u4f5b\u654e\u53f2, 1969 \/ \uf9e1\u7b95\u6c38, \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ubd88\uad50, \uc138\uc885\ub300\uc655 \uae30\ub150\uc0ac\uc5c5\ud68c, 1974 \/ \u97d3\u570b\u4f5b\u654e\u784f\u7a76, \u97d3\u570b\u4f5b\u654e\u784f\u7a76\u9662, 1983 \/ \u5ffd\uf904\u8c37\u5feb\u5929, \u671d\u9bae\u79aa\u654e\u53f2, \u6625\u79cb\u793e, 1930; \u540c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc5ed \u912d\u6e56\u93e1, \u671d\u9bae\u79aa\u654e\u53f2, \u5bf6\uf999\u95a3, 1980. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ubd88\uad50\ub780 \uae68\ub2ec\uc73c\uc2e0 \ubd84, \uc989 ‘\ubd80\ub2e4'(Buddha, \u89ba\u8005, \u4f5b)\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubd88\uad50\ub294 \uc6d0\uc5b4\ub85c\ub294 Buddha-sasana \uc778\ub370 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uacbd\uc804 \uc911\uc5d0 “\ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc545\uc740 \uc9d3\uc9c0\ub97c \ub9d0\uace0, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc120\uc744 \ubc1b\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud589\ud558\ub77c. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub124 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uae68\ub057\uc774 \ud558\ub77c. \uc774\uac83\uc774 ‘\ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubd80\ub2e4\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68'(\u8af8\u4f5b\u654e)\uc774\ub2c8\ub77c”\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c \uad6c\uc808 \uc911 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ud55c \ub9c8\ub514\uc5d0\uc11c … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30