\u21d2 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d <\/p>\n
1. \uac1c\ub150 : \ubd80\ubd80 \ub610\ub294 \ubd80\ubaa8\uac00 \uc6d0\ub9cc\ud55c \uacb0\ud63c\uc0dd\ud65c, \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc758 \uc790\ub140, \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uac74\uac15 \ub4f1\uc744 \uacc4\ud68d\ud558\ub294 \uc77c. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \u00b7 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \u00b7 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc0dd\ud65c\ud5a5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0dd\ud65c\ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \uae30\ud558\uc790\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc758 \uc790\ub140\ub9cc\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc744 \ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub294 \uc591\uc721\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \uc790\ub140\ub97c \uac00\uc9c8 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uac15\uc870\ub41c\ub2e4. \ucd9c\uc0b0\uac04\uaca9\uc774\ub098 \uc218\ud0dc\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\uc5ec \ucc45\uc784\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ub9cc\ud07c\uc758 \uc790\ub140\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc740 \uadf8 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud53c\uc784\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc77c \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc784\uc2e0\uc774 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubd80\ubd80\uc5d0\uac8c \uc218\ud0dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uce58\ub8cc\ud558\ub294 \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4(1766~1834)\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \ub9c8\uac00\ub81b \uc0dd\uac70(1883~1966)\uac00 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub0b8 \u2018\uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub85c \uc77c\uceec\uc5b4\uc838 \uc624\ub2e4\uac00 \uc870\uc808\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc740 \uc0b0\uc544\ub098 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \uc218\ud0dc\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \u2018\uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\u2019\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\uace0 \uadfc\ub798\uc5d0 \u2018\uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\u2019\uc73c\ub85c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8 : \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uc5d0\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uac01\uae30 \uc7a5\ub2e8\uc810\uc744 \ub2e4 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud06c\uac8c \uace0\uc804\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uacfc \ud604\ub300\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95, \uc784\uc2dc\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\uacfc \uc601\uad6c\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95, \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uacfc \ube44\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub958\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ubd84\ub958\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac01\uae30 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uac00 \uadf8 \uc885\ub958\ub9cc \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2460 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95 : \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \uc6d4\uacbd\uc8fc\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc784\uae30\uc5d0 \uae08\uc695\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc784\uc2e0\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c \ub9c8\ub514\ub85c \uc8fc\uae30 \uae08\uc695\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4. 1930\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c\uc57c \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uc624\uae30\ub178\uc640 \uc624\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544\uc758 \ud06c\ub2e4\uc6b0\uc2a4\uac00 \ubc30\ub780\uae30\uc640 \uc6d4\uacbd\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1d\ud600\ub0c4\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc218\ud0dc\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc608\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6d4\uacbd\uc8fc\uae30\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548(\ucd08\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \ud3d0\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0) \uc5b4\ub290 \ub54c\ub098 \ubc30\ub780\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4, \ub2e4\uc74c \uc6d4\uacbd\uc8fc\uae30\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uacfc \ubc30\ub780\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc774 \ud0c4\uc0dd\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc1c\uacac \uc774\ub798 \uc9c0\uae08\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \uad04\ubaa9\ud558\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc624\uae30\ub178 \ud559\uc124\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ub2ec\ub825 \uc8fc\uae30\ubc95\uc758 \ub0a0\uc9dc \uacc4\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud55c \uae30\ucd08\uccb4\uc628\ubc95\uacfc \uc99d\uc0c1\uccb4\uc628\ubc95 \ub610\ud55c 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \ubc30\ub780\ubc95(\uc810\uc561\uad00\ucc30\ubc95 \ub610\ub294 \ube4c\ub9c1\uc2a4\ubc95)\uc774 \ubc1c\uacac\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1970\ub144\ub300\uc5d0 \ubc30\ub780\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04, \ubc30\ub780 \ud6c4 \ub09c\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874\uc2dc\uac04, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc815\ucda9\uc774 \uc0b4 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc77c\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801\uc778 \uc5f0\uad6c\uacb0\uacfc \uac1c\ub150\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubcc0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud638\uc8fc\uc758 \ube4c\ub9c1\uc2a4\ubc15\uc0ac \ubd80\ubd80\ud300\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc810\uc561 \uad00\ucc30\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\ub780\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uac70\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc608\uce21\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud604\ub300\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uc0dd\ub9ac\ud559\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ub9de\ucd98 \uc790\uc5f0\ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uc740 \uc815\ud655\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc5b4\ub290 \ubc29\ubc95\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc2e0\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\uc871\ud55c \ud53c\uc784\ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ub354 \ud55c\uce35 \ubd80\ubd80\uc560\ub97c \uc99d\uc9c4\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc12d\ub9ac\ub97c \uac70\uc5ed\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uae30\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubd80\ubd80\uac00 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc2e4\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc778\uac04\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub784 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u2461 \ube44\uc790\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95 : \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uae30\uad00\uc744 \ud615\ud0dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud654\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubc84\ub9ac\uac70\ub098 \uc774\ub4e4 \uac01 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc784\uc2e0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc0dd\ub9ac\uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub610\ub294 \uac04\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uad34\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc784\uc2e0\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc740 \uc784\uc2e0\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uace0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740\uc9c0 \uc0dd\ub9ac\uae30\ub2a5\ub97c \uc804\ud600 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc784\uc2e0\uc740 \uc544\ubb34 \ub54c\ub098 \uac00\ub2a5\ud574\ub3c4 \ubb34\ubc29\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc804\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ube44\uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4 \uc911 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uad6c\uc6a9 \ud53c\uc784\uc81c\uc640 \uc8fc\uc0ac\uc6a9 \ud53c\uc784\uc81c, \uc790\uad81\ub0b4 \uc7a5\uce58, \uad6d\uc18c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \ubc0f \ud654\ud559\uc801 \uc7a5\uc560\ubc95(\ucf58\ub3d4, \uc9c8\ub0b4\uaca9\ub9c9, \uc0b4\uc815\ucda9\uc81c)\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc778\uacf5 \uc784\uc2e0\uc911\uc808\uc220\uc740 \uc6d0\ub798 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ubd88\uc784\uc218\uc220\uc740 \ub2e8\uc885\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc724\ub9ac\uc640 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6a9\ub0a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\ub2e4. \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc57d\ubb3c\uc774\ub098 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uae30\uad6c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub4e0 \uc778\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc815\uc744 \uc800\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub098 \uc218\ud0dc\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4 \uac19\uc774 \uc0b4\uc0dd\uc744 \ub0b4\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc740 \uc758\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \ubd80\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc724\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub355\uc801 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc2c\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \ud53c\uc784\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac : \ud53c\uc784\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2dc\ub300, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ubb38\ud654\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \uc790\ucde8\ub97c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc544\uc8fc \ub113\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc758 \uc5b5\uc81c\uac00 \ud2b9\uc815\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \ub418\uc5b4\uc84c\uc74c\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815\uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uc131\uad50\ub97c \uae08\ud558\ub294 \ud130\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc784\uc2e0\uc774 \ube44\uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uc18c\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub838\uace0 \uc911\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \ub3c5\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\ub3c4\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc758\uc2ec \uc5c6\uc774 \uad6c\ub77c\ud30c\uc758 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc728\uc774 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc5b5\uc81c\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc871\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub3c4 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \uace0\ub300 \ubbfc\uc871\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc131\uad50\uc911\uc808, \ub099\ud0dc, \uc601\uc544\uc0b4\ud574\ub85c \uc81c\ud55c\uc774 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub41c \uac83\uc744 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 2750\ub144\uc5d0 \uc911\uad74 \uc758\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc778\uacf5\uc720\uc0b0\ubc95\uc774 \uc2e4\ub824 \uc788\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud480\ubfcc\ub9ac\ub97c \uc9d3\uc774\uaca8 \ub123\uac70\ub098 \uc19c\uc744 \ud2c0\uc5b4\ub123\ub294 \ubbfc\uac04\uc694\ubc95\uc774 \uc804\ud574\uc624\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uc9d1\ud2b8\uc778, \ud76c\ub78d\uc778, \ub85c\ub9c8\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc57d\uc744 \uba39\uac70\ub098 \ub610\ub294 \ud480, \uafc0, \uace0\ubb34, \uae30\ub984 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ud63c\ud569\ub41c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc744 \uc9c8\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc0bd\uc785\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud53c\uc784\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub2e4\uc18c\uac04 \ud76c\ub78d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc804\ud574 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ud53c\uc784\uc220\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc720\ub7fd\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubcc4\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ub098 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778 \ud574\ubd80\ud559 \uc758\uc0ac\uc778 \ud314\ub85c\ud53c\uc6b0\uc2a4(1523~1562)\uac00 \u226a\ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc778\uc758 \ubcd1\u226b(1564)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc800\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\ubcd1 \uce58\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ub9b0\ub124\ub974\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ucf58\ub3d4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc704\u2018\ud604\ub300\u2019\ub77c \uc77c\uceeb\ub294 1800\ub144\ub300 \uc774\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc704\uc801\uc778 \uc870\uc808\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc694\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uad6c\uac00 \uc870\uc808\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud604\ub300\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uacfc \ubc1c\uc804\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74, \ucd08\uae30\ub2e8\uacc4\ub294 \ud655\uc2e4\uce58 \uc54a\uc73c\ub098, \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac00\uc871\uc758 \ud06c\uae30\ub97c \uc5b5\uc81c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 18\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc9c4\ub2e4. 1875\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc11c\uad6c\uc758 \uc804\uc9c0\uc5ed(\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc \uc81c\uc678)\uc5d0 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc728\uc774 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc740 \ud655\uc2e4\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f4 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ud53c\uc784\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95 \ud2b9\ud788 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \uc587\uc740 \ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \ub9cc\ub4e0 \ucf58\ub3d4[1844\ub144 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uace0\ubb34\ub97c \uc720\ud669\ucc98\ub9ac\ud574\uc11c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95]\uc758 \ubc1c\uacac\uacfc \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc9c8\ub0b4\uaca9\ub9c9\uc758 \ubc1c\uacac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud568\uc77c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774 \uc2e0\uc18d\ud558\uac8c \uc804\ud30c\ub41c \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5ed\uacfc \uc0c1\ub958\uacc4\uce35\uc5d0 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc728\uc758 \uac10\uc18c\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub099\ud0dc\uc640 \uc131\uad50\uc911\uc808\uc758\uc2dc\ud589\ub3c4 \ubcd1\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc740 \uc8fc\uc9c0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud55c \uc9c0\uc801 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc218\ud559\uc790, \ucca0\ud559\uc790, \uc815\uce58\uac00\uc778 \ucf69\ub3c4\ub974\uc138(1741~1794)\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc131\uc758 \uc644\uc804\uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc8fc\ucc3d\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc2e4\ub9ac\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uc778 \ubca4\ub2f4(1748~1832)\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ube48\ubbfc\uc728\uc744 \uc904\uc774\ub824\uba74 \uadf8 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc2a4\ud380\uc9c0\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.(1797). \uc18c\uc704\u226a\uc778\uad6c\ub860\u226b(\u4eba\u53e3\u8ad6, \uc775\uba85\uc73c\ub85c 1798\ub144 \ucd9c\ud310)\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc774\uba70 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559\uc778 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \u201c\uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud55c\uc5c6\ub294 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc740 \uacf5\ud5c8\ud558\uae30\ub9cc \ud558\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc778\uad6c\ub294 \uc2dd\ub7c9\uc758 \uc99d\uac00\ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \ud56d\uc0c1 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uba70 \uc0dd\uacc4\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8\uc740 \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc0b0\uc218\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\ub294\ub370 \ube44\ud574 \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uc99d\uac00\ub294 \uc5b5\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uae30\ud558\uae09\uc218\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud558\uaca0\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc778\uad6c\ub294 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc0dd\uacc4\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \ud33d\ucc3d\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uba70 \uae30\uadfc, \uc804\uc7c1, \ubcd1\uace0\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc5ec \ucd94\uac00 \uc778\uad6c\ub97c \uc8fd\uc5ec \uc5c6\uc560\uac8c \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(\uc778\uc704\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\uc808\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4)\u201d. \uadf8\ub294 1803\ub144 \uadf8 \ucc45\uc758 \uc7ac\ud310\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\ud63c\uc744 \ub2a6\ucd94\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uacb0\ud63c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \uc790\uc81c\ub97c \ud558\ub294 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \uc790\uc81c\uac00 \ucd94\uac00\uc801\uc778 \uc5b5\uc81c\ucc45\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uac04\uc12d\ud558\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub958\uc758 \ud30c\uad34\uc801\uc778 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub098 \uc778\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \ud53c\uc784\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc81c\ud55c\uc740 \ube44\uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. \uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc790, \uc774\uc0c1\ud5a5\uc8fc\uc758\uc790, \uc6b0\uc0dd\ud559\uc790\ub4e4 : \ud50c\ub808\uc774\uc2a4(1771~1854)\ub294 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801 \ud601\uc2e0\uc8fc\uc758\uc790, \uc815\uce58\uc778, \ub178\ub3d9\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ucc3d\uc2dc\uc790\uc774\ub2e4. \u226a\uc778\uad6c\uc774\ub860\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\uacfc \uc608\uc81c\u226b\ub77c\ub294 \uc800\uc11c\ub97c \ub0c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad11\uace0\uc9c0\ub97c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c 4\ub144\uac04(1823~1826)\ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc81c\ub294 \ubc14\ubcf4\uc2a4\ub7f0 \uc9d3\uc774\ub77c \ubd80\ub974\uace0 \uc778\uacf5\uc801\uc778 \ud53c\uc784\ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ucc2c\uc591\ud558\uba70 \uc774\ub97c \u2018\uc2e0\ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\u2019 \ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc774\uc0c1\ud5a5\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uc778 \ud5d8\ud504\ub9ac(1811~1826)\ub294 \uc131\uad50 \uc720\ubcf4\ub85c \uc784\uc2e0\uc870\uc808\uc744 \ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc5f0\uc560\uc640 \uc6b0\uc0dd\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\uc218\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub07c\ub9ac \uc9dd\uc9c0\uc6b0\uae30\ub97c \uc8fc\ucc3d\ud558\uace0 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc774\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ubaa8\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc0dd\ud65c \ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.(1842~1847). \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \ube0c\ub798\ub4e4\ub7ec(1833~1891)\ub294 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\ud611\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\ub824\ub2e4 \uc2e4\ud328\ub85c \ub05d\ub098\uace0 \uadf8 \ub2f9\uc2dc \u2018\uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\u2019\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ubc1c\ud718\ud588\ub358 \uc7a1\uc9c0 <\ubbfc\uc871 \uac1c\ud601\uc790>\ub97c 1860\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1893\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uac04\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub3d9\uc548\uc5d0 \u2018\uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\u2019\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc810\uc810 \uc9c0\uc131\uce35\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\uc5b41865\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc9c0\ud61c\ub86d\uace0 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud55c \uc131\ubd84\uacc4\uce35\uc740 \uc724\ub9ac\uc801 \uc790\uc81c\ub97c \uc2e4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \ubc18\uba74\uc5d0 \ucc9c\ud55c \ud558\uce35 \uad70\uc911\uc740 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \u2018\ube44 \uc6b0\uc0dd\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uacfc\u2019\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \ud3b4\ub098\uac00\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc6b0\uc0dd\ud559\uc758 \ucc3d\uc2dc\uc790\uc778 \uac78\ud134(1822~1911)\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ub418\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1878\ub144\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\ud611\ud68c\uac00 \ucc3d\uc124\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ud611\ud68c\uc758 \uc758\ud559\uc9c0\ubd80\ub3c4 \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uc5b4 \uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc8fc\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\uc758, \ud338\ud50c\ub81b, \uc7a1\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ud30c\uc2dc\ucf1c\uac14\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud611\ud68c\ub294 1913\ub144\uc5d0 \uc120\ubcf4\uc778 \uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc18c\ucc45\uc790\ub97c \uacf5\uacf5\uc5f0\ud788 \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\uc600\uace0,1972\ub144\uc5d0 \ud611\ud68c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc740 \uc131\ucde8\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uc0b0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1921\ub144\uc5d0 \ub9c8\ub9ac \uc2a4\ud141\uc2a4(1880~1958)\ub294 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc774\uc720 \ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ud559\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc6b0\uc0dd\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc720\ub4e4\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc790 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub3c4\uc2dc\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc758\uc6d0\uc744 \uac1c\uc124\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uadf8\ud6c4 1930\ub144\uc5d0 \ucc3d\ub9bd\ub41c \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\ud611\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5b4 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc77c\uac00\ub294 \uc0b0\uc544\uc81c\ud55c \uae30\uad6c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\ud3b8 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \ud5e4\uc774\uc6b0\ub4dc(1829~1893), \uc789\uac70\uc194(1879~1942), \uace8\ub4dc\ub9cc(1869~1940) \uac19\uc740 \uc790\uc720\uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ec\uc131\uc758 \ud22c\ud45c\uad8c, \uae08\uc8fc, \uc774\ud63c\ubc95 \uc644\ud654, \uc790\uc720\uc5f0\uc560, \ubb34\uc815\ubd80\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uc9d6\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uc784\uc744 \uc8fc\ucc3d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 20\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \uc0dd\uac70 \uc5ec\uc0ac\ub294 \uac04\ud638\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub274\uc695\uc758 \ube48\ubbfc\uac00\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf4\uac74\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc2e0 \ub9ec\ub354\uc2a4\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc870\uae08\uc740 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc758 \uccb4\ud5d8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc815\uc758 \ube48\uace4 \ud1f4\uce58\uc640 \ubaa8\uc790\ubcf4\uac74\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uc548\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \ud53c\uc784\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud5cc\uc2e0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc911\uad6d, \ud558\uc640\uc774, \uc778\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uc800\uac1c\ubc1c\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud3c8\uace0 \uc804\uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uad6c\ub85c \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc5ed\uc124, 1952\ub144 \ubd04\ubca0\uc774\uc5d0 \uad6d\uc81c \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\ud611\ud68c\ub97c \ucc3d\uc124\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc13c\ud130\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uc784\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \uae30\uc220\uc744 \ubcf4\uae09\ud558\uba70 \uacb0\ud63c\uc0c1\ub2f4\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \uae30\uad00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\uc5d4\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc0ac\ud68c\uc774\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc790\ubb38\uae30\uad00\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc138\uacc4 2\ucc28 \ub300\uc804 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc800\uac1c\ubc1c \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ub960\uc740 \uc800\ud558\ub418\uace0 \uc778\uad6c\ub294 \uc18c\uc704 \ud3ed\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc99d\uac00\ud568\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub9ce\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uad6c\uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud0a4 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uad6d\uac00\uc815\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ud3b4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
5. \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d : \ubbfc\uac04\uc694\ubc95\uc774 \uc804\ud574 \ub0b4\ub824\uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc544\uc8fc \uc624\ub798 \uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uadf9\uc218\uc218\uc774\uae34 \ud558\uaca0\uc73c\ub098 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ube44\ubc00\uc2a4\ub7fd\uac8c \ud53c\uc784\uc774 \ud589\ud558\uc5ec\uc84c\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uce21\ub420 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c \uc778\uad6c \uc5b5\uc81c\ub77c\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc801\uc778 \uc870\ub958\ub294 \uc644\uace0\ud55c \ubd09\uac74\uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc778\uc2b5\uc758 \ubc18\ub300\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc11c\uc11c\ud788 \uce68\uc785\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1931\ub144\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc2e0\ub140\uc778 \ub85c\uc820\ubc84\uadf8\uac00 \ud0dc\ud654\uc0ac\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5c5\uad00\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c \uc77c\uc744 \ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud2c8\ud2c8\uc774 \ub18d\ucd0c\ubd80\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud53c\uc784\uc744 \uad8c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc6d0\uc8fc \uae30\ub3c5\ubcd1\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uba38\ub9ac \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uac00\ub09c\ud55c \ubd80\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud53c\uc784\ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uacc4\ubabd\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, 1957\ub144\uc5d0 \ub808\uc5b4\ub4dc \uc5ec\uc0ac\uac00 \ub300\uc804\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ub3c5\uc0ac\ud68c\uad00 \uad00\uc7a5\uc744 \ud3c8\ub2e4. 1958\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub300\ud559\uad50 \ubd80\uc18d\ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc0b0\ubd80\uc778\uacfc\uac00 \uc774 \ub300\ud559\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5c5\uacfc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc0c1\ub2f4\uc18c\ub97c \uc124\uce58 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1960\ub144\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \ub300\ud55c \uc5b4\uba38\ub2c8\ud68c\uac00 \uc790\uccb4\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\uc6d0\uacfc \uc0c1\ub2f4\uc18c\ub97c \uac1c\uc124\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(\uc724\ub3d9\uc8fc \uc800, \uc778\uad6c\ud559, \ud55c\uc5bc\ubb38\uace0, 1973).<\/p>\n
\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc5d0 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc774 \uc815\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uac83\uc740 1961\ub144 6\uc6d4 \u2018\uad6d\uc81c\uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\ud611\ud68c\u2019\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud55c \uc774\ud6c4 \uac19\uc740 11\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uad6d\uac00\uc7ac\uac74\ucd5c\uace0\ud68c\uc758 \uc81c59\ucc28 \uc0c1\uc784\uc704\uc6d0 \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uad6c\ud33d\ucc3d\uc740 \uad6d\uac00 \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc640 \uacbd\uc81c\ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uc800\ud574\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uad6c\uc815\ucc45\uc758 \ud55c \ubc29\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud558\uace0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130\uc774\ub2e4. 1962\ub144\uc5d0 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0ac\uc5c5 10\uac1c\ub144 \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc218\ub9bd\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c1\ucc28 \uacbd\uc81c\uac1c\ubc1c 5\uac1c\ub144 \uacc4\ud68d(1962~1966)\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc778\uad6c\uc99d\uac00\uc728\uc744 2.5%\ub85c \uc81c2\ucc28 5\uac1c\ub144 \uacc4\ud68d(1967~1971\ub144)\uc774 \ub05d\ub0a0 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 2.0%\ub85c \ub0b4\ub9ac\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc(\uacbd\uc81c \uae30\ud68d\uc6d0, \ubcf4\uac74\uc0ac\ud68c\ubd80 \ubaa8\uc790 \ubcf4\uac74\uacfc) \uc804\uad6d\uc5d0 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0c1\ub2f4\uc18c\ub97c \uc124\uce58\ud558\uc5ec 1,432\uac1c \uba74\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc694\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc30\uce58\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1973\ub144\uc5d4 \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c2514\ud638\ub85c \uc804\ubb38 14\uac1c\uc870\ub85c \ubd80\uce59\uc73c\ub85c \ub41c \ubaa8\uc790\ubcf4\uac74\ubc95\uc744 \uc81c\uc815 \uacf5\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc774\ub784 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc778\uacf5 \uc784\uc2e0\uc911\uc808\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubd80\ucc44\uc9c8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c3\ucc28 5\uac1c\ub144 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\ub294 1976\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 1.7%\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\ub294\ub370 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c 1.75%\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc99d\uac00\uc728\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uac1c\ubc1c\ub3c4\uc0c1\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4 \uc911 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \ubaa8\ubc94\uad6d\uac00\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83 \ub9cc\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc694\uc778 \uc911 \uc778\uacf5 \uc784\uc2e0\uc911\uc808(\uc57d 100\ub9cc\uac74 \ucd94\uc815)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc694\uc778\uc774 \ucef8\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc9c4\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
6. \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4 : \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774\ub098 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub97c \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ubc18\ub300\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \ub9c8\ub828\ud574 \uc8fc\uc2e0 \uc790\uc5f0 \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uce59 \uc989 \uc0dd\uc2dd\uc0dd\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub0b4\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc784\uae30\uc640 \ubd88\ubc95\uc744 \uad8c\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc778\uacf5\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\uc220\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 4,000\ub144 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc778\ub958\uc8c4\uc545\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c[\uc544\ube0c\ub77c\ud568\uc758 \ud604\uc190 \uc624\ub09c\uc774 \ub808\uc704\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud615\uc218\ub97c \uc544\ub0b4\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \uc784\uc2e0\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc \uc131\uad50\uc911\uc808(\uc624\ub098\ub2c8\uc998)\uc744 \ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc989\uc11d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fd\uc74c\uc744 \ub2f9\ud568] \uc774\ub798 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c\ubd80\ud130 \ud63c\uc778\uacfc \uc131\uc5d0 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0\uc758 \uc774\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uac00\ucc28\uc5c6\uc774 \ub2e8\uc8c4\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70(\uace0\uc778 5:1-8,\uac08\ub77c 5:1-26 \ub4f1), \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadf8\ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud63c\uc778\uacfc \uac00\uc815\uc744 \uc218\ud638\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1930\ub144 \uc774\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc778\uacf5\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\ubc18 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uc77c\uce58\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 1930\ub144 1930\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc138\uacc4 \ub300\uc885\uad50 \ubc0f \ud504\ub85c\ucf00\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uc744 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc0c1\ud669\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc81c\ub294 \uc624\uc9c1 \uac00\ud234\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\ub9cc\uc774 \uc778\uacf5\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\ubc95\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1930\ub144 \uad50\ud669 \ube44\uc624 11\uc138\uc758 \ud68c\uce59 <\uc21c\uacb0\ud55c \ud63c\uc778>\uc740 \uc778\uacf5\uc801 \ud53c\uc784\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ubc95\uacfc \uc790\uc5f0\uc744 \uac70\uc2a4\ub9ac\ub294 \uc911\uc8c4\ub85c \ub2e8\uc8c4\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ucd9c\uc0b0\uac04\uaca9\uc774\ub098 \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uae30 \uae08\uc695\ubc95\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1d\ud788\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. 1951\ub144\uc5d0 \uad50\ud669 \ube44\uc624 12\uc138\ub294 \u2018\uc0b0\ud30c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud589\ud55c \ub2f4\ud654\ubb38\u2019(A.A.S. 43, 859)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \u00b7 \uc758\ud559\uc801 \ubc0f \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc790\ub140\ub97c \uac16\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd88\uc784\uae30\ub97c \uacc4\ud68d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc2b9\uc778\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ud6c4 \uc758\ud559\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc131\uc6a9 \uacbd\uad6c\ud53c\uc784\uc545\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc790, \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \ub7ec\uc774\uce20, \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\uc758 \ubc18 \ub378 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c, \ubca8\uae30\uc5d0\uc758 \uc7a5\uc13c \uac19\uc740 \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \uc57d\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc740 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\ucc3d\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 1958\ub144\uc5d0 \ube44\uc624 12\uc138\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uc600\ub2e4(A.A.S. 50, 735). \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d \ub17c\ub780\ub418\uc790 1964\ub144\uc5d0 \uad50\ud669 \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 6\uc138\ub294 \ube44\uc624 12\uc138\uc758 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \ubc14\uafc0 \ub9cc\ud07c \ucda9\ubd84\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c\uc744 \uc194\uc9c1\ud558\uac8c \ubc1d\ud788\uace0 \uad50\ud669 \uc694\ud55c 23\uc138\uac00 \uc124\uce58\ud55c \ucd9c\uc0dd, \uc778\uad6c, \uac00\uc815\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uacbd\uad6c\uc6a9 \ud53c\uc784\uc81c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud1a0\ub85d \uc704\uc784\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1965\ub144 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c2\ucc28 \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\ubd80\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \uc778\uac04 \ub300 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubd80\ubd80\uc560\uc784\uc744 \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4(\ud604\ub300\uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud5cc\uc7a5 50). \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \ubd80\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc744 \ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uac00\ub974\uce5c \uac83\uc740 1968\ub144\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ub41c \uad50\ud669 \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 6\uc138\uc758 \ud68c\uce59 <\uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85>\uc5d0\uc11c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ud604 \uad50\ud669 \uc694\ud55c \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 2\uc138\ub294 1981\ub144 11\uc6d4 22\uc77c \uc0ac\ub3c4\uc801 \uad8c\uace0 \u2018\uac00\uc815 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\u2019\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\uc624\ub85c 6\uc138\uc758 \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\uacbd\ud558\uac8c \uc7ac\ucc9c\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. (\u65b9\u6c38\u6c42) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u21d2 \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d 1. \uac1c\ub150 : \ubd80\ubd80 \ub610\ub294 \ubd80\ubaa8\uac00 \uc6d0\ub9cc\ud55c \uacb0\ud63c\uc0dd\ud65c, \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc758 \uc790\ub140, \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uac74\uac15 \ub4f1\uc744 \uacc4\ud68d\ud558\ub294 \uc77c. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uac00\uc871\uacc4\ud68d\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \u00b7 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \u00b7 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc0dd\ud65c\ud5a5\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0dd\ud65c\ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \uae30\ud558\uc790\uba74 \uacb0\uad6d \uc801\ub2f9\ud55c \uc218\uc758 \uc790\ub140\ub9cc\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc218\ud0dc\uc870\uc808\uc744 \ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30