1. \uad6c\uc870 : \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uae38\uc774\uac00 \uace0\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ub69c\ub837\uc774 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785(1-2\uc7a5) : \uc628 \ub098\ub77c\ub294 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uadfc\uacfc \ucc38\ubcc0\uc744 \ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc5d0\uac8c \uae08\uc2dd\uacfc \uae30\ub3c4\ub85c \ucc38\ud68c\uc758 \uc608\uc808\uc744 \uc62c\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub85d \ud638\uc18c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 1\uc7a5 2-12\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ucc38\ubcc0\uc774 \uc788\uace0, 1\uc7a5 13-14\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\ud68c\uc758 \uc804\ub840\ub97c \uc18c\uc9d1\ud558\uba70, 1\uc7a5 15-20\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uccab \ubc88\uc9f8\uc758 \ud0c4\uc2dd\uae30\ub3c4\uac00 \ubc14\uccd0\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc81c2\uc7a5\ubd80\ud130\ub294 \ube44\uc804\uc774 \ud6e8\uc52c \ub113\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\ub294 \uc885\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uad70\ub300\uc640\ub3c4 \uac19\uc774 \ubb34\uc12d\uac8c \uccd0\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\ub2c8(2:1-11) \ubc31\uc131\uc740 \ud68c\uac1c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4(2:2-14). \uace7 \uc774\uc5b4 \uae08\uc2dd(\u7981\u98df)\uc758 \uc804\ub840\uac00 \uac70\ud589\ub41c\ub2e4(2:15-17). \ud55c\ud3b8 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \ubc31\uc131\uc758 \ud68c\uac1c\uc640 \uae08\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc6a9\uc11c\uc758 \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\uc2dc\uace0(2:18-20), \ubc31\uc131\uc740 \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc14\uce5c\ub2e4(2:21-23). \ub610 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2e0 \ubc31\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\ud765\uc2dc\ud0a4\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uc2e0\ub2e4(2:24-27). \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2\uc7a5 17\uc808, 19\uc808\uacfc 20\uc808\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uba74 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc740 \ub18d\uc0ac\ub97c \uae61\uadf8\ub9ac \ub9dd\uce58\ub294 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc5b4\ub290\ub367 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc881\uc740 \ud14c\ub450\ub9ac\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \uc774\ubc29\ubbfc\uc871\ub4e4\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb18\uc0ac(3-4\uc7a5) : \u2018\uc601\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8 \uc548\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc740\ud61c\ub97c \uace8\uace0\ub8e8 \ubca0\ud47c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4(3:1-2). \uc601\uc774 \ub0b4\ub9b4 \ub54c \ubb34\uc11c\uc6b4 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc801 \uc9d5\ud45c\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4(3:3-4). \uc601\uc740 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc5d0 \ubb18\uc5ec \uc788\ub294 \uc758\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uc544\uaef4 \uad6c\uc6d0\ud558\uc2e0\ub2e4(3:5). \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc5ec\ud638\uc0ac\ubc27 \uace8\uc9dc\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubc29\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2ec\ud310\ud558\ub2e4(4:1-3). \uc774 \uc2ec\ud310\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \ub300\uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c\ub2e4(4:9-14). \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc804\uc7c1\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uba74 \ubd88\ub808\uc14b, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4, \uc2a4\ubc14 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc2e0\ud0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uccb4\ubb38\ub9e5\uacfc \ub2e4\uc18c \uc0c1\uc774\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\ub2e4. \ud754\ud788 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 4\uc7a5 4-8\uc808\uc774 \ud6c4\ub300\uc5d0 \ucca8\uac00\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uc800\uc790 : \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\ub97c \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub530\ub85c \uc9d1\ud544\ud588\uc73c\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 \uc124\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ub2c8, \ubca0\ub978(Vernes, 1872)\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c \uc774 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ud3c8\uace0 \ub86f\uc2dc\ud0c0\uc778(Rothstein, 1896)\uc774 \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ub530\ub790\uc73c\uba70 \ub4d0(Duhm, 1911)\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ub4d0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 1-2\uc7a5\uc740 \ubc15\ub825 \uc788\uace0 \ucc3d\uc870\ub825\uc774 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc2dc\uc778\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774\uba70 3-4\uc7a5\uc740 \uc720\ub2e4\ud68c\ub2f9\uc758 \uc124\uad50\uac00\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \ud6c4\uc790\uc758 \ubb38\uccb4\ub294 \ubcf4\uc798 \uac83 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0b0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c, \uc800\uc790\ub294 1\uc7a5 15\uc808, 2\uc7a5 1b-2a\uc808, 2\uc7a5 11b\uc808\uc5d0 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uc131\uaca9\uc758 \uae00\uc744 \uc0bd\uc785\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc744 \uc2dc\uc778\uc758 \uc791\ud488 1-2\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub2e4 \ucca8\uac00\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uc774\uc911 \uc800\uc790\uc124\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc131\uc11c \ud574\uc124\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc904\uace7 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub098\uc5f4\ud558\uba74 \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uac19\ub2e4. \ubdd4\uc5b4(Bewer, 1912), \ud720\uc154(Holscher, 1914), \uc619\uc388(Jepsen, 1938), \ubc14\uc6c0\uac00\ub974\ud2b8\ub108(Baumgartner, 1947), \ud2b8\ub791\ucf00(Trinquet, 1953), \ud50c\ub8b0\uac70(Ploger, 1962), \ub85c\ube48\uc190(Robinson, 1964), \uc544\uc774\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8(Eissfeldt, 1964).<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uace0\ub300\uc640 \ud604\ub300\uc758 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uac70\ubd80\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub2e8\uc77c \uc800\uc790\uc124\uc774 \ud559\uacc4\uc758 \uc911\ub860\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \ub4e4\uba74 \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uac19\ub2e4. \ub374\ub290\ud3a0\ub4dc(Dennefeld, 1926), \ud14c\uc774\uc2a4(Theis, 1937), \ubca4\uccb8(Bentzen, 1940), \uce74\ud3a0\ub8e8\ub4dc(Kapelrud, 1948), \ud3ec\ud2b8\ub810(Pautrel, 1949), \uc288\ud0c0\uc778\ub9cc(Steinmann, 1960), \uc0e4\ub9ac(Chary, 1955), \ub9ac\ub0a0\ub514(Rinaldi, 1960), \ub378\ucf54\ub974(Delcor, 1961), \ucf08\ub7ec(Keller, 1965), \uc140\ub9b0 \ud3ec\ub808\ub974(Sellin Fohrer, 1965), \ubc14\uc774\uc11c(Weiser, 1966, \uadf8\uc758 \uad6c\uc57d \uc785\ubb38\uc11c \ucc38\uc870), \uc6f0\ud06c\ube4c\ub9ad(Welchbillig, 1966), \ubcfc\ud504(Wolff, 1969), \ub8e8\ub3cc\ud504(Rudolph, 1971).<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc81c \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b4\ud3b4\ubcf4\uba74 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub294 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub098 \ubb35\uc2dc\ubb38\ud559\uc801\uc778 \ubb18\uc0ac\ub9cc\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc740 \uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc81c2\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774 \uce68\uc785\uc758 \uc704\ub825\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ubc29\ubbfc\uc871\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc5d0 \ube44\uc720\ud55c\ub2e4(2\uc7a5 6\uc808\uacfc 17\uc808 \ucc38\uc870). \ub610 3-4\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\uc758 \ube44\uc804\uc774 \uc804\uc138\uacc4\ub85c \ud655\ub300\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc81c\uc7ac\uc778 \u2018\uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\u2019\uc774 \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcfc \ub54c \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc740 \ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc74c\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
5. \uc694\uc5d8 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790 : \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\uac00 \ub204\uad6c\uc778\uc9c0 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4. \uc81c1\uc7a5 1\uc808\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \u2018\ube0c\ub450\uc5d8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc18c\uac1c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc54c \uae38\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uccab\uc9f8 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc131\uc804\uc758 \uc804\ub840\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubbf8\ub8e8\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uc544, \uc131\uc804\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\ub358 \uacbd\uc2e0\ub840 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uace0\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc608\uc5b8\uc790 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uca0c\ub4e0 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc778\ubb3c\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54c \uae38\uc774 \uc5c6\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae4a\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uac00\uc774\uba70 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uc2dc\uc778\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc740 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
6. \uc9d1\ud544 \uc5f0\ub300 : \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uc9d1\ud544 \uc5f0\ub300\ub294 \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 9\uc138\uae30 \uc804\ud6c4\ub77c\ub294 \uc124\uc774 \uc6b0\uc138\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c\ub294 4\uc138\uae30\ub77c\ub294 \uc124\uc774 \uc720\ub825\ud574\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ub9d0\ub85c\ub974(Schmalohr)\uc640 \ud14c\uc774\uc2a4\uc640 \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \ud559\uc790\uc778 \ube45(Bic)\uc740 \uc9d1\ud544\uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 9\u223c8\uc138\uae30\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294\ub370 \ube45\uc740 \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uac00 \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc57c\ub098 \ud638\uc138\uc544\uc758 \uc124\ud654\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud558\uac8c \uc6b0\uc0c1\uc22d\ubc30\ub97c \ubc30\uaca9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \ub2f4\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ube45\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\uc54c\uc22d\ubc30(Baalisme)\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \uadf9\ubcf5\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uc9d1\ud544 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc720\ub2e4\uc640 \uc624\uc544\uc2a4(836\u223c797)\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c \uc7a1\uc558\ub2e4. \ube45\uc740 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778 \uc804\uc2b9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uac00 12\uc608\uc5b8\uc11c \uadf8\ub8f9\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub41c \uc791\ud488 \uc911\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc678\uc5d0 \uc9d1\ud544 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 7\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c 4\uc138\uae30\ub85c \uc7a1\ub294 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\uc911 \ucf08\ub808\ub294 \ud398\ub2c8\ud0a4\uc544\uc640 \ube14\ub808\uc14b\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 4\uc7a5 4-8\uc808\uc744 \ub0b4\uc138\uc6cc \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 630\u223c600\ub144\uc73c\ub85c \uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc8fc\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 4:4-8\uc744 \uc694\uc5d8\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc4f4 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucf08\ub7ec\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uac00 \uc5b4\ud718\ub098 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc2a4\ubc14\ub2c8\uc57c, \ub098\ud6d4, \uc624\ubc14\ub514\uc57c, \uc608\ub808\ubbf8\uc57c, \uc5d0\uc81c\ud0a4\uc5d8\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc11c\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uac00 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub610 \uadf8 \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uac04\uacfc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uce74\ud3a0\ub8e8\ub4dc\uc640 \uc288\ud0c0\uc778\ub9cc\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \u2018\uacbd\uc2e0\ub840\uc801 \uc608\uc5b8\u2019(prophetie culturelle)\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c 600\ub144\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\ub294 \uac00\ub098\uc548\uc758 \uacbd\uc2e0\ub840\uc758 \uc5b4\ud718\ub97c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub2c8 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 600\ub144\ub300 \uc791\ud488\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc740 \ud3ec\ub85c\uc0dd\ud65c \uc774\ud6c4\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ub3cc\ud504\ub294 598\ub144\uc5d0 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818\uc73c\ub85c \uccd0\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc628 \uce68\uc785\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uce68\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub9ac\ub77c\ub294 4:16-17\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 598\u223c578\ub144\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc774\uc5b4(Myers)\ub294 \uc694\uc5d8\uc744 \ud558\uae68\uc640 \uc988\uac00\ub9ac\uc57c\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\ub294 6\uc138\uae30\ub9d0 \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub098\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc99d\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ube14\ub808\uc14b \ud398\ub2c8\ud0a4\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0c1\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\ud3b8 \uc9d1\ud544\uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \ud6e8\uc52c \ud6c4\ub300\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\uc73c\ub2c8 \ud2b8\ub808\ube0c(Treves), \ub85c\ube48\uc190(Robison), \uc544\uc774\uc2a4\ud3a0\ud2b8 \ub4f1\uc740 3-4\uc7a5\uc758 \uc9d1\ud544\uc5f0\ub300\ub97c 4\u223c3\uc138\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud6c4\ub300\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \ub374\ub9c8\ud06c\uc758 \uc60c\uc13c(1940)\uc740 \ub9c8\uce74\ubca0\uc624 \uc2dc\ub300\ub85c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub0ae\ucd94\uc5b4 \ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud3ec\ud2b8\ub810, \ubc14\uc774\uc11c, \ud2b8\ub791\ucf00, \ub378\ucf54\ub974, \uc808\ub791(Gelin), \uc140\ub9b0 \ud3ec\ub808\ub974, \ub9ac\ub0a0\ub514, \uc6f0\ud06c\ube4c\ub9ad, \ubcfc\ud504, \uc2a4\ud14c\ud39c\uc190(Stephenson) \ub4f1\uc774 400\ub144\uc758 \uc5f0\ub300\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc2a4\ud14c\ud39c\uc190\uc740 \ucc9c\ubb38\ud559\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ud314\ub808\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub098\ub97c \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc554\ud751\ud654\ud55c \uc77c\uc2dd\uc744 \uacc4\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec 375\ub144\uc744 \uadf8 \uc9d1\ud544 \uc5f0\ub300\ub85c \uc7a1\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8 2:2 \u00b7 10, 3:4\uc5d0 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub294 \uc77c\uc2dd(\u65e5\u8755)\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\uba70 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801\uc778 \ud45c\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc\uc740 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c\ub2e4. \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 400\ub144\uc774\ub780 \uc5f0\ub300\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4. \uc720\ub2e4 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\ub294 \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818 \uc131\ubcbd \uc548\uc5d0 \uc228\uc5b4\uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70(2:7-9), \uc7a5\ub85c\uc640 \uc0ac\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4(1:2 \u00b7 13, 2:15-17). \uad6d\uc655\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5b8\uae09\uc774 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uc720\ubc30 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uc50c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc791\ud488\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc774\ub098 \ubd81\uc655\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5b8\uae09\ub3c4 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc5d0\uc988\ub77c\uc640 \ub290\ud5e4\ubbf8\uc57c\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uace0\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacbd\uc2e0\ub840\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac70\ud589\ub418\uace0 \uc870\uc9c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9e4\uc77c \ubc14\uce58\ub294 \ud0c0\ubc0b \uc81c\uc0ac\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub294(Tamid\u796d\ub294 \uc720\ubc30\ud6c4\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\uc774\ub2e4) \ud070 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0(1:9, 2:14) \uae08\uc2dd\uc740 \uacf5\uc801\uc774\uac74 \uc544\ub2c8\uac74, \uaddc\uce59\uc801\uc774\uac74 \uc544\ub2c8\uac74 \uc720\ubc30 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc790\uc8fc \uc120\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(\uc988\uac00 7:1-3, \uc694\ub098 3:5.7, \ubbfc\uc218 29:7, \uc5d0\uc988 8:21, \ub290\ud5e4 9:1). \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc678\ubd80 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uac15\ub300\uad6d, \uc544\uc2dc\ub9ac\uc544. \ubc14\ube4c\ub860\uacfc \ub300\uce58\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub9c9\uc5f0\ud788 \u2018\uc774\ubc29\uad6d\uac00\u2019\ub4e4\uacfc \ub300\uc801\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2\uc7a5 20\uc808\uc758 \u2018\ubd81\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub294 \uc790\u2019\ub294 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc801 \uc6d0\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc801\uc778 \uc774\ub984\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4. 4\uc7a5 2\uc808\uc758 \ud070 \ubd84\uc0b0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4(Diaspora)\ub294 \uc720\ubc30\ub97c \uba3c \uacfc\uac70\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc5d0\ub3d4\uc744 \uacf5\uaca9\ud558\ub294 \u2018\ub0a8\uc740 \uc790\u2019\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 4\uc7a5 19\uc808\uc758 \uc5b8\uae09\uc740 \uc5d0\ub3d4\uc744 \ub2e8\uc8c4\ud558\ub294 \ud14d\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc2dc\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4(\uc774\uc0ac 63:1-6, \uc624\ubc14 5-9, 18, \ub9d0\ub77c 1:2-5). 4\uc7a5 6\uc808\uc5d0 \uc5b8\uae09\ub418\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc758 \uc601\ud1a0 \uae4a\uc219\uc774 \uce68\uc785\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc5ec\uac74\uc740 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uc5b4\ud718\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uadf8 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc774 \ubcf4\uc644\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub2c8 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc5b4\ud718\ub294 \uc720\ubc30\uc2dc\ub300\uac00 \ud6e8\uc52c \uc9c0\ub09c \ud6c4\ub300\uc758 \uac83\uc774\uace0 \ub610 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\ubc30\uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uc720\ubc30 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uacfc \ud1b5\ud558\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc11d\uac00\ub4e4\uc740 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc640 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud55c \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc791\ud488\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ud718\ub098 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uc5f0\uad00\uc744 40\uc5ec \uad70\ub370\ub098 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ub2c8 \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uba74 \uc694\uc5d8 2\uc7a5 27\uc808\uacfc \uc774\uc0ac 45\uc7a5 5\uc808 \ubc0f 18\uc808, 46\uc7a5 9\uc808, \uc694\uc5d8 3\uc7a5 5\uc808\uacfc \uc624\ubc14 1\uc7a5 17\uc808\uc740 \u2018\ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\u2019\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c \uc8fc\uc81c\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \uc694\uc5d8 4\uc7a5 9\uc808\uacfc \uc608\ub808 6\uc7a5 4\uc808\uc740 \uc131\uc804(\u8056\u6230)\uc744 \u2018\uc120\ud3ec\ud558\ub2e4\u2019, \u2018\uac70\ub8e9\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub2e4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \uc6a9\uc5b4\ub97c \uc4f0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8 2\uc7a5 11\uc808, 3\uc7a5 4\uc808\uacfc \ub9d0\ub77c 3\uc7a5 2\uc808 \ubc0f 23\uc808 \uc694\uc5d8 2\uc7a5 13b\uc808 \ubc0f 14a\uc808, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc694\ub098 4\uc7a5 2\uc808 \ubc0f 3\uc7a5 9\uc808\ub3c4 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uad6c\uc808\uc774\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \u2018\uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\u2019\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c \uc2a4\ubc14\ub2c8\uc57c, \uc774\uc0ac 13\uc7a5, \uc5d0\uc81c 30\uc7a5, \ub9d0\ub77c 3\uc7a5\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ube4c\ub824 \uc4f0\uace0 \uc774\ubc29\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6b4\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc608\ub808 46\uc7a5, 49-51\uc7a5, \uc5d0\uc81c 29-32\uc7a5, 35\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \u2018\ubd81\ucabd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub294 \uc6d0\uc218\u2019\ub294 \uc608\ub808 4-6\uc7a5\uacfc \uc5d0\uc81c 38-39\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc554\uc2dc\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uac00 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb35\uc2dc\ubb38\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uccb4\ub97c \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uc988\uac00 1-8\uc7a5\uc774\ub098 \uc774\uc0ac 24-27\uc7a5 \ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc81c2 \uc988\uac00\ub9ac\uc57c\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub354 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
7. \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0 : \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\uc57c\ud6fc\uc758 \ub0a0\u2019\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc2ec\ud608\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5d0\uc988\ub77c\uc758 \uac1c\ud601 \ud6c4 \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c \uc728\ubc95 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc720\ud0dc\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc548\uc815\uc744 \ub204\ub838\ub294\ub370 \uadf8 \uccb4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc548\uc8fc\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc5d0 \uc816\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \uc678\uce5c\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub4a4\ud754\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub193\uc73c\uc2dc\uace0 \u2018\uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc6d0\u2019\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc624\uc2e4 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uaed8\uc11c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\uc2e0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e0\ud638\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc2a4\ub77c\uc5d8\uc740 \uc815\ud654\ub418\uace0(2:10-17) \uc774\uad50\ubc31\uc131\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2ec\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4(4:1-3). \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc774 \uc788\uace0 \ub09c \ub4a4 \ubc31\uc131\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud55c\ub2e4(3:1-5). \uc608\ub8e8\uc0b4\ub818(2:27, 4:17)\uc740 \ub099\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\ub2e4(4:18-21). \uc694\uc5d8\uc758 \uc678\uce68\uc740 \ud798\uc788\ub294 \ubb38\uccb4\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0 \uc624\ub298\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \ud68c\uac1c\ub97c \ubd80\ub974\uc9d6\ub294 \ud604\uc2e4\uc131\uc744 \ub760\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uad6c\uc138\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad11\ud65c\ud55c \ube44\uc804\uc740 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \ud070 \ud76c\ub9dd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \ud68c\uac1c\ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ube44\uc6b4 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub85c\uc11c 3\uac1c\uc758 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc2e0\ud0c1\uc744 \uc120\ud3ec\ud55c\ub2e4(2:18-27, 3:5, 4:18-21). \uc774 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc758 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc744 \uc785\ub294 \ubc31\uc131\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ucc3d\uc870\uc801\uc778 \ud798, \uadf8\ubd84\uc758 \ud604\uc874 \uc548(2:21)\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub294 \ubc31\uc131\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uadf8 \uac19\uc740 \uc740\ud61c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub764 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \ubc31\uc131\uc774 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uaed8 \ubcf5\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294(2:27, 4:17) \ud655\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc0ac\ub3c4 \ubca0\ub4dc\ub85c\uc640 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc0ac\uac00 \ub8e8\uac00\ub294 \uc131\uc2e0\uac15\ub9bc\uc758 \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb18\uc0ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4(\uc0ac\ub3c4 2:17-24, \uc694\uc5d8 3:1-5 \ucc38\uc870). \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \uc5bb\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\uc758 \uaca9\ub3d9\uacfc \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ube44\uc6b0\ub294 \uc2dc\ub828\uc744 \uacaa\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc131\ub839\ub9cc\uc774 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc640 \uadf8 \ub9c8\uc74c \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ube44\uc6b0\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc694\uc5d8\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \uc131\uc2e0\uac15\ub9bc\uc758 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\uc774\ub2e4. (\u5f90\u4ec1\u932b)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] <\uc8fc\ud574\uc11c> M. Bic, Das Buch Joel, Berlin 1960 \/ A.S. Kapelrud, Joel Studies, Upsal 1948 \/ C.A. Keller, Joel Abdias, Jonas(Commentaire de l’Ancien Testament, XIa), Neuchatel 1965 \/ W. Rudolph, Joel, Amos, Obadja, Jona, KAT, XIII \/ 2, Guterloh 1971. <\uc5f0\uad6c\ub17c\ubb38> J. Bourke, Le jour de Yahve dans Joel, RB, 66(1959), 5-31; 191-212 \/ A. Jepsen, Kleine Beitrage zum Zwolfprophetenbuch I, ZAW, 56(1938), 85-96 \/ J. Myers, Some Considerations bearing on the Date of Joel, ZAW, 74(1962), 177-195 \/ W. Rudolph, Wann wirkte Joel? BZAW, 105(1967), 193-198 \/ J. Steinmann, Remarques sur le livre de Joel, in: Etudes sur les prophetes d’Israel(Lectio Divina), Paris 1954, 147-173 \/ F.R. Stephenson, The Date of the Book of Joel, VT, 19(1969), 224-229 \/ M. Treves, The Date of Joel, VT, 7(1957), 149-156 \/ H. Welchbilling, Studie zur Farmgeschichte des Buches Joel, These, 1967. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \uad6c\uc870 : \uc694\uc5d8\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uae38\uc774\uac00 \uace0\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ub69c\ub837\uc774 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc838 \uc788\ub2e4. 2. \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785(1-2\uc7a5) : \uc628 \ub098\ub77c\ub294 \uba54\ub69c\uae30\ub5bc\uc758 \uce68\uc785\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uadfc\uacfc \ucc38\ubcc0\uc744 \ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uacc4\uce35\uc758 \ubc31\uc131\uc5d0\uac8c \uae08\uc2dd\uacfc \uae30\ub3c4\ub85c \ucc38\ud68c\uc758 \uc608\uc808\uc744 \uc62c\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub85d \ud638\uc18c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 1\uc7a5 2-12\uc808\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30