1. \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub294 \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc740 \ub3d9\uc11c(\u6771\u897f)\ub97c \ub9c9\ub860\ud558\uace0 \uc544\ub4dd\ud55c \uc61b\ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\uc758\uc801(\u591a\u7fa9\u7684)\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc640 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \ud2b9\ud788 \ucca0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ubcc0\ucc9c\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc740 \ub0a8\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6c\uc18d\uc774\ub098 \uac15\uc81c\ub97c \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc5d0 \uc5bd\ub9e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294, \u2018\u223c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc790\uc720\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130, \ub9c8\uc74c\ub300\ub85c \u2018\u223c\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uc120\ud0dd\uacfc \uacb0\ub2e8\uacfc \uac19\uc740, \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub3d9\uc591\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \ub450\ubcf4(\u675c\u752b)\uac00 \u2018\uc1a1\uac1d\ubd09\ucd98\uac00\uc790\uc720\u2019(\u9001\u5ba2\u9022\u6625\u53ef\u81ea\u7531)\ub77c\uace0 \uc74a\uc740 \uc2ef\uadc0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ucc98\uc74c \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc7a5\ud574\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc, \uc989 \ub9c8\uc74c\ub300\ub85c\uc778 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uac70\uc8fc \u00b7 \uc5b8\ub860 \u00b7 \uc9d1\ud68c \u00b7 \uacb0\uc0ac \u00b7 \uc2e0\uad50(\u4fe1\u654e) \u00b7 \uc591\uc2ec\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubc95\ub960\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \ud574\uc11d\uc740 \uc11c\uc591\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ub85c \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub098\ub77c\uc5d0\uc120 \uc11c\uc591\ubb38\ud654\uac00, \ud2b9\ud788 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \uc804\ub798\ub418\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc774 \uace0\ucde8\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ud55c \ub54c, \uc77c\uc81c(\u65e5\u5e1d)\uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \ud2b9\ud788 \uad11\ubcf5 \uc9c1\ud6c4\uc5d4, \ubc29\uc885\uacfc \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \ub73b\uc73c\ub85c \uc624\ud574\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\ud2bc \ub3d9\uc591\uace0\uc804\uc5d0\uc120 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc774\ub098 \uc758\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub17c\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ub3d9\uc591\uc778\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\ub860\uc801\uc778, \uc9d9\uc740 \uc6b4\uba85\ub860\uc774\ub098 \uc790\uc5f0\uad00\uacfc \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uae4a\uc740 \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559, \uc0dd\ubb3c\ud559, \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \uc815\uce58\ud559 \u00b7 \ubc95\ud559 \u00b7 \uacbd\uc81c\ud559 \u00b7 \ucca0\ud559 \u00b7 \uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801 \uad00\ub150\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ub54c\ub85c\ub294 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uba70, \uc724\ub9ac\ud559\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70, \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d4 \uc778\uac04\ud559(\u4eba\u9593\u5b78)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \uae4a\uc774 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc740 \ucca0\ud559\uc0ac \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0\uc11c \ucc3e\uc544\ubcf4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub420 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uac8c \ub17c\uad6c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ud06c\uac8c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \ud658\uacbd\uacfc\uc758 \ud45c\uba74\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub418\uba70, \uadf8\uac00 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uacfc \uc790\uae30\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uacfc\uc758 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc120\ucc9c\uc801 \ub610\ub294 \uc720\uc804\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uadf8 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \ud589\ub3d9\uacfc \uad6c\ubcc4\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\uc695\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ub0b4\ub824\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc14b\uc9f8, \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc778\uac04\ud559\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc774 \ub418\uba70, \uc778\uac04 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uaf2d \uadf8\ub807\uac8c\ub9cc \uc758\uc695\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0\uc774\uba70, \uc758\ub3c4\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc774\uac70\ub098 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc11c\uc591\uc758 \uace0\ub300\ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, \uc790\uc720\ub780 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub178\uc608\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uc778\uc774 \ub204\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2e0\ubd84\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \ub610 \uc6b4\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\ubc95\uce59, \uc678\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uac15\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uad6c\uc18d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294, \uc678\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc8fc\ub85c \ubb38\uc81c\uc0bc\uc558\ub2e4. \uad50\ubd80\ucca0\ud559\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ucca0\ud559\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uacfc \uc131\uc11c\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uacfc\uc758 \uc870\uc815\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ud574\uc11d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad6c\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\ub294 \uc57c\ud6fc \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud574\ubc29\uc790\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud560 \ubfd0, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubb38\uc81c\uc0bc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uacc4\uba85(\u8aa1\u547d), \uc8c4\uc640 \ubc8c, \ud68c\uac1c, \ud68c\ub450, \uc21c\uba85, \ud0c0\ub77d \ub4f1\uc758 \uc5b8\uae09\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uacb0\ub2e8\uc758 \uc790\uc720, \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\ub294, \uad6c\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294\ub370, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac(\u5f79\u4e8b)\uac00 \uc608\uc218\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc644\uc131\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc885\ub9d0\ub860\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \uc2e0\uad6c\uc57d\uc131\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc785\uc99d\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc131\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b8\uae09\ud560 \ub54c, \ucca0\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ub2f4\uc740 autezousion, ezousia\ub098, \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ub2f4\uc740 ekon, ekou sios\uac00 \ub4dc\ubb3c\uac8c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0, \uc8fc\ub85c \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ub2f4\uc740 eleutheria, uleutheros\uac00 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd08\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \ud070 \ud750\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \ub193\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \uc774 \ub450 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \uc804 \uc911\uc138\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud574 \ub193\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc694\ud558\ub124\uc2a4 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud22c\uc2a4 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uc6b0\uc81c\ub098(Johanes Scotus Eriugena)\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub2c8\ucf5c\ub77c\uc624 \ucfe0\uc0ac\ub204\uc2a4(Nikolaus von Kusanus)\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \ub370, \ub3d9\ubc29\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc2e0\ube44\uc2e0\ud559\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub780 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc778\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \u2018\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uac83\u2019\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uacfc \ucda9\uc871\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub978 \ud750\ub984\uc740 \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178(Augustinus)\ub97c \uc815\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \uc624\uce84(William Ockam)\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc885\ub0b4\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9c8\ub974\ud2f4 \ub8e8\ud130(Martin Luther) \ub4f1\uc758 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294\ub370, \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc \uc740\ucd1d\uc758 \uc9c0\uc591\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubcc0\uc99d\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8 \uae34\uc7a5\uc744 \uc790\uc720\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc911\uc138\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uad50\ubd80\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uc720\uc0b0\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544, \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\uac00 \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c \ucca0\ud559 \ub9d0\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c \uc810\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc724\ub9ac\ud559\uc801 \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \ud655\uace0\ud55c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc758 \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc120 \uc0c1\uc774\ud55c \uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \ud655\uc815\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740, \u2460 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc790\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8, \ucc9c\uc0ac, \uc131\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud574\ub2f9\ub418\uba70, \u2461 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uac00 \uc8c4\ub97c \uc9c0\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc740 \uadf8\uac00 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uba70, \u2462 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac90 \uc120\ud589\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c0\uba70 \uc545\uc744 \ud589\ud560 \uc790\uc720\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \u2463 \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub780 \uc774\uc131\uc758 \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uc2e4\ud589\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\ud0dd\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801 \uad6c\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uc9c0\uc591\ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \u2464 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc774\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4(Thomas Aquinas)\ub294 \u2018\uc678\ubd80\uc758 \uac15\uc694\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc790\uc720\u2019(libertas a coactione)\uc640 \u2018\ub0b4\uba74\uc801 \ud544\uc5f0\uc131\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc790\uc720\u2019(libertas a neccssitate)\ub97c \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\uace0, \uc804\uc790\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc774\uc131\uc774 \uc6b0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc758\uc9c0\uac00 \uc6b0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \ud558\ub294 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\ucf54\ud68c\uc640 \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54\ud68c \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc84c\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c \ud734\uba38\ub2c8\uc998\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uae30\uc6d0\uc778\uc131\uc73c\ub85c, \ub610 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc778\uaca9\uc131\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc774 \ubc29\ud574\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc\ud559\uc774 \ubc1c\ub2ec\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uc728\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\ucc30\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \uae4a\uc5b4\uc9c0\uac8c \ub418\uc790 \uc810\ucc28\ub85c \ud1f4\uc0c9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uce7c\ube48(Calvin)\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5f4\uad11\uc801\uc778 \uc608\uc815\uc124\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ucc3d\uc870\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc5d0 \ucc2c\ubb3c\uc744 \ub07c\uc5b9\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadfc\uc138\uc758 \ub3c5\uc77c\ucca0\ud559\uc790, \uc608\ucee8\ub300 \ub3c5\uc77c \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc790, \uc0dd\ucca0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0, \uc790\uc720\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc600\ub2e4. \ub77c\uc774\ud504\ub2c8\uce20(Leibniz)\ub294 \u201c\uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc774\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \ucee4\uc9c0\uace0, \uc5f4\uc815(\uac10\uc815)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c8\uc218\ub85d \ubd80\uc790\uc720\uac00 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub354 \ucee4\uc9c4\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uce78\ud2b8(Kant)\ub294 17\u223c18\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \uc77c\ub2e8 \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\ud569\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc2ec\ub9ac\uc801 \uc790\uc720 \ub610\ub294 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801 \uc790\uc720 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub860\uc801 \uc624\uc131(\u609f\u6027)\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uac10\uc131\uc758 \ucda9\ub3d9\uc695\uad6c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc744 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub85c, \uc21c\uc218 \uc774\uc131\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub85c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uce78\ud2b8\ub098 \ud53c\ud788\ud14c(Fichte)\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ub3c4\ub355\ubc95\uce59\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc120\ud5d8\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc758 \uccb4\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc758\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ub3c4\ub355\ubc95\uce59\uacfc \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc808\ub300\uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4. \ub3c5\uc77c \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \ud574\uacb0\uc740 \uacb0\uc815\ub860\uacfc \ube44(\u975e)\uacb0\uc815\ub860\uc758 \ud53c\uc548\uc5d0 \ub193\uc5ec\uc788\ub2e4. \u201c\ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801 \ud544\uc5f0\uc131\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uadfc\uc6d0\uc801 \ud589\uc704\uc774\uba70, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc790\uc720\ub86d\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \uc178\ub9c1(Schelling)\uc740 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uac1c\ub150\uc740 \ud5e4\uac94(Hegel)\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ubc18\ubc15\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc1fc\ud39c\ud558\uc6cc(Schopenhauer)\uc640 \ub2c8\uccb4(Nietzsche)\ub294 \ud589\ub3d9\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub780 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub2c8\uccb4\ub294 \ub3c4\ub355\uc758 \uc804 \uc5ed\uc0ac\ub294 \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uc624\ub958\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc774\uc5d0\ub974\ubc14\ud558(Feuerbach)\ub294 \u201c\uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0\ub780 \uacf5\ud5c8\ud55c \ub3d9\uc5b4\ubc18\ubcf5\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4\u201d\uace0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub85c \ud658\uc6d0\uc2dc\ucf1c \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc120 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ubc14\ub85c \uc678\ubd80\uc758 \uac15\uc81c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud560 \ubfd0\uc778\ub370, \ud649\uc988(Hobbes)\ub294 \uc721\uccb4\uac00 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc77c \ub54c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801 \uc81c\uc57d(\uc555\ub825)\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\uace0 \ud588\uc73c\uba70, \u201c\uc778\uac04\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub113\uc740 \uacf5\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \uc788\uc744\uc218\ub85d \uc810\uc810 \ub354 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\ub2e4\u201d\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud649\uc988 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc790\uc720\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc2a4\ud53c\ub178\uc790(Spinoza)\ub3c4 \uc790\uc720\ub780 \uc678\ubd80\uc758 \uac15\uc81c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574\uc11c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\ub9cc\uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uadf8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc758 \ud544\uc5f0\uc131\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c \uc624\ub294 \ucda9\ub3d9\uc774\ub098 \uc695\ub9dd\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc790\uc720\ub86d\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uad00\ub150\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uad00\ub150, \uc989 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc0ac\ub791\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4\ub418\uba74, \uc778\uac04\ub3c4 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud5c8\uad6c(\u865b\u69cb)\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc0ac\uc815\uacfc \uacc4\uae09\ud22c\uc7c1\uc774 \ud070 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669\uacfc \ucda9\ub3d9\uc758 \uc81c\uc57d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70(Heidegger)\uc640 \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974(Sartre)\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc790\uc720\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc778\uac04\uc801\uc778 \ubcf8\uc131\uc5d0 \uc120\ud589\ud558\ub294, \u2018\uc2e4\uc874\u2019\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uac00 \ud0c8\uc874(\u812b\u5b58)\ud558\ub294, \uc228\uc740 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc16\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc624\ub294 \uac83, \ud604\uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \ubcf8\ub798\uc801\uc778 \uc644\uc804\ud55c \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc790\uc720\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4. \uc544\ub180\ub4dc \uac94\ub80c(Arnold Gehlen)\uc740 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uc790\uc720\ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \ud574\uacb0\uc740 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\ub294 \ud544\uc5f0\uc131\uacfc \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0\ub85c \uae0d\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc0ac\ubcc0(\u601d\u8fa8)\uc744 \uc9c0\uc591\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub098\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \ub098\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uaf2d \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774\uba70, \u201c\ubc18\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\uc131\uc774\uc57c\ub9d0\ub85c \uc790\uc720 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d4 \uc778\uac04\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0 \uc774\ub97c \ud574\uba85\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9c9\uc2a4 \ubb90\ub7ec(Max Muller)\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \u226a\ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc778\uac04\ud559\u226b\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\ub85c \ubcf4\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc628\uac16 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. (\u79e6\u654e\u52f3)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] O. Michel, Der antike und christliche Freihe it-Begriff, Universitas I, pp.1-17, 1946 \/ J. Laporte, La conscience de la liberte, Paris 1947 \/ B. Willms, Die Totale Freiheit, 1967 \/ H.J. Sandkuhler, Freiheit und Wirklichkeit, 1968 \/ J. Davydow, Freiheit und Entfremdung bei Marx, 1964 \/ I. Fetscher, Die Freiheit im Lichte des Marxismus-Lennismus, 1959 \/ R. Dunayevskaya, Marxism und freedom, New York 1958 \/ J. Hommes, Die Krise der Freiheit(Hegel-Marx-Heidegger), 1958 \/ W. Windelband, Uber Willens-Freiheit, 1904 \/ A. Messer, Das Problem der Willens-Freiheit, 1911 \/ J. Rehmke, Die Willens-Freiheit, 1911 \/ H. Driesch, Das Problem der Freiheit, 1917 \/ M. Planck, Kausalgesetz und Willens-Freiheit, 1923 \/ F. Medicus, Die Freiheit des Willens und ihre Grenzen, 1926 \/ H. Reiner, Freiheit, Wollen und Aktivitat. Phanomenol. Untersuch. in Richtung ouf das Problem des Williens-Freiheit, 1927 \/ G. Siewerth, Die Freiheit und das Gute, 1959 \/ R. Berlinger, Das Werk der Freiheit, 1959 \/ J. de Finance, Existence et librte, Paris, Lyon 1955 M. Polanyi, The logic of the liberty, Chicago 1951 \/ Ch. Bay, The structure of freedom, Stanfod, Calif 1958 \/ S. Hook, The paradoxes of freedom, Los Angeles 1962 \/ M. Schlick, Problems of ethics, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1939 \/ M.J. Adler, The idea of freedom 1, 2, New York 1958, 1959 \/ M. Horkheimer, Um die Freiheit, 1962 \/ A.V. Spakovsky, Freedom, deteminism, indeterminism, Den Haag 1963 \/ R. Garaudy, Die Freiheit als philos und hist. Kategorie, dtsch. 1959 \/ G. Vennes, Inconscient freudien et problemes de liberte, TroisRivieres 1960 \/ T. Foldesi, The Problem of free will, LOndon 1958 \/ V.J. Bourke, Will in the Western thought. Anhist-crit. survey, New York 1964 \/ P. Ricoeur, Philos. de lavolonte 1: Le volontaire et I’involontaire, Paris 1963 \/ H. Daudin, La liberte de la volonte. Signification des doctrines classiques, Paris 1950 \/ Y. Simon, Traite du libre arbeitre, Paris 1951. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \uc790\uc720\ub77c\ub294 \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc740 \ub3d9\uc11c(\u6771\u897f)\ub97c \ub9c9\ub860\ud558\uace0 \uc544\ub4dd\ud55c \uc61b\ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc5b8\uc5b4\ub85c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub2e4\uc758\uc801(\u591a\u7fa9\u7684)\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc2dc\ub300\uc640 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc640 \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \ud2b9\ud788 \ucca0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ubcc0\ucc9c\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub0b1\ub9d0\uc740 \ub0a8\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6c\uc18d\uc774\ub098 \uac15\uc81c\ub97c \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc5d0 \uc5bd\ub9e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294, \u2018\u223c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc790\uc720\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130, … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30