\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uac00 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc804\ub798\ub418\uc5b4 \ubc88\uc601\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc138 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8 \ub2f9 \u00b7 \uc6d0(\u5510\u5143)\uc2dc\ub300, \ub458\uc9f8 \uba85 \u00b7 \uccad(\u660e\u6df8)\uc2dc\ub300, \uc14b\uc9f8 \uadfc\ub300(19\uc138\uae30) \uc774\ud6c4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc758 635\ub144 \uc804\ub798\ub41c \uacbd\uad50(\u666f\u654e, Nestorianism)\ub294 \uc18c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uc77c\ud30c\ub85c\uc11c \ubbf8\uc2dc\uc18c\uacbd(\u8ff7\u8a69\u6240\u7d93), \uc77c\uc2e0\ub860(\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6), \uacbd\uad50\uc0bc\uc704\ubabd\ub3c4\ucc2c(\u666f\u654e\u4e09\u5a01\u8499\u5ea6\u8b9a) \uac19\uc740 \ud55c\ubb38 \uc804\uad50\uc11c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc744 \uc804\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ub300\uc9c4\uc0ac(\u5927\u79e6\u5bfa)\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6d0\ub3c4 \uac74\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \uad50\uc138\ub294 \ub9c8\ub2c8\uad50(\u6469\u5c3c\u654e)\ub098 \ubc30\ud654\uad50(\u62dc\u706b\u654e)\ub97c \ub2a5\uac00\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 10\uc138\uae30 \ub2f9\uc758 \uba78\ub9dd\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc18c\uba78\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 13\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ubabd\uace0\uc138\ub825\uad8c \ub0b4\uc758 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544, \uc778\ub3c4, \uc911\uad6d \uac01\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uacbd\uad50\uac00 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc131\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \uc11c\ubc29 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\ub3c4 \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\ucf54\ud68c \u00b7 \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54\ud68c \ub4f1\uc774 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \u00b7 \uc11c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc804\ub3c4\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc6d0\uc81c\uad6d \uc9c0\ubc30 \ud558\uc758 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\ub294 1292\ub144 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\ucf54\ud68c\uc758 \ubaac\ud14c \ucf54\ub974\ube44\ub178(Monte Corvino)\uac00 \uad50\ud669\uc758 \uc2e0\uc11c\ub97c \ud734\ub300\ud558\uace0 \ucfe0\ube4c\ub77c\uc774 \uce78(Khubilai, \u5143\u4e16\u7956)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc640\uc11c \uc804\uad50\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec, \uc774\ubbf8 \uad81\uc815 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \ubd80\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \ub124\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc6b0\uc2a4\ud30c\uc758 \uc2ec\ud55c \uc800\ud56d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 14\uc138\uae30 \ucd08\uc5d0\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uac74\uc124\ud558\uc5ec \uac1c\uc885\uc790\ub294 600\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ud5e4\uc544\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc6d0\uc774 \ub9dd\ud558\uba74\uc11c 14\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd\uc5d0\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \uc18c\uba78\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 1582\ub144 \ub9c8\ud14c\uc624 \ub9ac\uce58(Matteo Ricci)\uc758 \uc608\uc218\ud68c \uc804\uad50\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uba85 \u00b7 \uccad\uc2dc\ub300(16\uc138\uae30\ub9d0\u223c18\uc138\uae30) \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \ubc1c\uc804\uc740 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad(\u5929\u4e3b\u654e)\uc778\ub370 \uc804\ud6c4\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ubc88\uc601\uacfc \ub3d9 \u00b7 \uc11c\uc591\uc758 \ubb38\ud654\uad50\ub958\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4. 1498\ub144 \ubc14\uc2a4\ucf54 \ub2e4 \uac00\ub9c8\uc758 \ub300\ud56d\ud574\ub85c \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc778\uc758 \uc778\ub3c4\ud56d\ub85c\uac00 \uac1c\ucc99\ub41c \ud6c4, \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc778\uc740 \ud5a5\ub8cc \ubb34\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ud070 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud604\uc9c0\uc778\uc758 \uc601\ud63c\uc744 \uad6c\uc81c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc591\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc601\ud63c \uad6c\uc81c\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ud611\ub825\ud55c \uac83\uc774 1540\ub144 \uc774\ub0d0\uc2dc\uc624 \ub85c\uc69c\ub77c(Ignatius Loyola)\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucc3d\uc124\ub41c \uc608\uc218\ud68c\uc600\ub2e4. 1541\ub144 \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc655\uc758 \uccad\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\ud68c\uc758 \uc0ac\ube44\uc5d0\ub974(F. Xavier)\uac00 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc804\uad50\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ucd9c\ubc1c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc778\ub3c4\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ub860 \u00b7 \ub9d0\ub798\uce74\uc5d0 \uc804\uad50\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1549\ub144 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \uac00\uace0\uc2dc\ub9c8(\u9e7f\u5152\u5cf6)\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c \ud65c\ub3d9\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, 1551\ub144 \uc911\uad6d \uc804\uad50\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ub5a0\ub0ac\uc73c\ub098 \ub3c4\uc911\uc5d0 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624 \ubd80\uadfc\uc758 \uc791\uc740 \uc12c \uc0c1\ucc9c\ub3c4(\u4e0a\u5ddd\u5cf6)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uc885\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
16\uc138\uae30\ub9d0 \uc911\uad6d\uc740 \uba85\ucd08 \uc774\ud6c4 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uad70\uc8fc\uccb4\uc81c\ub85c\uc11c \ub300\uc678\uc815\ucc45\ub3c4 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uc801\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc740 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294, \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\ub958\uce35\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd08\uae30\uc758 \ub8e8\uc9c0\uc5d0\ub9ac(Ruggieri), \ub9ac\uce58 \ub4f1 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub294 \ubc1c\ub9ac\ub0d0\ub2c8(Valignani)\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub85c \uc911\uad6d \uc0ac\ub300\ubd80\ub4e4\uacfc \uad50\uc81c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc5b4\ud559 \u00b7 \ubb38\ud559 \u00b7 \uc9c0\uc2dd \u00b7 \ud48d\uc2b5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc775\ud614\uc73c\uba70, \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc6d0\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\ud559(\uc218\ud559 \u00b7 \ucc9c\ubb38\ud559 \u00b7 \uc9c0\ub9ac\ud559 \ub4f1)\uc744 \uac00\ub974\uce58\uace0 \uc11c\uc591\uc758 \uae30\uae30(\u5668\u6a5f)(\uc2dc\uacc4 \u00b7 \uc77c\uc2dc\uacc4 \u00b7 \ud504\ub9ac\uc998 \u00b7 \ub9dd\uc6d0\uacbd)\ub97c \uc120\ubb3c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \ub370 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uc608\uc218\ud68c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc720\ubcf5(\u5112\u670d)\uc744 \uc785\uace0, \uc0ac\ub300\ubd80\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc811\uadfc\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc\ud559\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ud638\uae30\uc2ec\uacfc \uacbd\uc758\ub97c \ud488\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0ac\ub300\ubd80\ub97c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud611\uc870\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc11c 400\uc5ec\uc885\uc758 \ud55c\uc5ed\uc11c\ud559\uc11c(\u6f22\u8b6f\u897f\u5b78\u66f8)\ub97c \uc800\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uadf8 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\ub294 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uc131\uc11c \ubc0f \ud574\uc124\uc11c \ub4f1\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ub974\ub124\uc0c1\uc2a4 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubc1c\ub2ec\ub41c \uc790\uc5f0\uacfc\ud559\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911 \ub9ac\uce58\uc758 \u226a\ucc9c\uc8fc\uc2e4\uc758\u226b(\u5929\u4e3b\u5be6\u7fa9)\uac00 \uc911\uad6d \uc0ac\ub300\ubd80\uc640 \uc720\ub7fd \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc640\uc758 \ub300\ud654\ud615\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc758 \uc9c4\uc218\ub97c \uc124\uba85\ud55c \ucc45\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4 \uc544\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\uba70 \uadf8 \uc911 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc218\uac00 \uc870\uc120\uc5d0 \uc720\uc785\ub418\uc5b4 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \ud615\uc131\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uac00 \ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uce35\uc774 \ubb34\uc0ac(\u6b66\u58eb) \uacc4\uce35\uc774\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc774\ud55c \ud2b9\uc0c9\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub9ac\uce58\ub294 \uc870\uacbd(\u8087\u6176) \u00b7 \uc18c\uc8fc(\u8a54\u5dde) \u00b7 \ub0a8\ucc3d(\u5357\u660c) \u00b7 \ub0a8\uacbd(\u5357\u4eac)\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 1601\ub144 \ubd81\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \uc2e0\uc885(\u795e\u5b97)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uba85\uc885\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \ucc9c\uc8fc \ubc0f \ub9c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ud654\uc0c1, \ubcf4\uc11d \ubc15\ud78c \uc2ed\uc790\uac00, \uc11c\uc591\uae08(\u897f\u6d0b\u7434) \ub4f1 \uc9c4\uae30\ud488\uc744 \ud5cc\uc0c1\ud558\uc5ec \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uccb4\uc7ac\ub97c \ud5c8\ub77d \ubc1b\uc558\uace0 1610\ub144 \ubd81\uacbd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud560 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc911\uad6d \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc57d 2,500\uc5ec\uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 27\ub144\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uae30\uac04\uc774\ub780 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc801\uc740 \uc218\uce58\uc778\ub370, \uc77c\ubcf8\uc740 \uac1c\uad50 33\ub144\uc5d0 15\ub9cc\uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc911\uad6d\uc774 \uc774 \uc218\uce58\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc 40\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c 1650\ub144\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub2c8 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \ub3d9\uc591 \uc804\uad50\uac00 \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5bc\ub9c8\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub154\ub294\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\uc801\uc778 \ud2b9\uc131\uc740 \ub9ac\uce58\uac00, \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 1\ub9cc\uba85\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\ub3c4\ub97c \ub354 \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc744 \ub354 \uc798 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uacbd\uc11c(\u7d93\u66f8)\ub97c \uc798 \uc544\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub85c\ub3c4 \uc798 \uc774\ud574 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub9ac\uce58 \uc774\ud6c4 1620\ub144\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \uba85\ub098\ub77c\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub825\uc774 \ud754\ub4e4\ub824 \uad6d\ub0b4\ub294 \ubc18\ub780\uc774 \ube48\ubc88\ud558\uace0 \ub3d9\ubd81\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc740 \ub9cc\uc8fc\uc871\uc758 \uce68\ud574\uac00 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \ub4f1 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ud63c\ub780\uc73c\ub85c \ub9d0\ubbf8\uc554\uc544 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \ubc0f \uc678\uad6d\uc885\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e8\uc18d\ub3c4 \uc790\uc5f0\ud788 \uc644\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uce35\ub3c4 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub098 \uc11c\uc591 \uacfc\ud559\uae30\uc220\ub85c\uc11c \uba85\ub098\ub77c \uc870\uc815\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uad6c\uad6d\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\uac00 \uc11c\uad11\uacc4(\u5f90\u5149\u5553)\ub098 \uc774\uc9c0\uc870(\uf9e1\u4e4b\u85fb) \ub4f1\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \ud45c\ucd9c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1644\ub144 \uc774\uc790\uc131(\uf9e1\u81ea\u6210)\uc758 \ub09c\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\ub098\ub77c\ub294 \uba78\ub9dd\ud558\uace0 \ub9cc\uc8fc\uc871\uc758 \uccad\uc870(\u6df8\u671d)\uac00 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uba85\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uc5ed(\uf98b)\uc758 \uac1c\uc218\uc790(\u6539\u4fee\u8005), \ub300\ud3ec\uc758 \uc81c\uc870\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uad81\uc815\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5ec\ub193\uc558\ub358 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uccad\uc870\uc5d0 \ubd09\uc0ac\ud558\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc5ed\uc758 \uc81c\uc791\uc740 \uc81c\uc655\ud1b5\uce58\uc640 \ubc00\uc811\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ucc29\uc624\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub418\ub294\ub370\ub3c4 \uba85\ub9d0 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc624\ucc28\uac00 \ub9ce\uc544 \uc11c\uc591\uc778 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8 \uc81c\uc791\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2f4 \uc0ec(Adam Schall), \ud398\ub974\ube44\uc2a4\ud2b8(F. Verbiest)\ub294 \ud760\ucc9c\uac10(\u6b3d\u5929\u76e3)\uc758 \uac10\uc815(\u76e3\u6b63) \ub610\ub294 \uac10\ubd80(\u76e3\u526f)\uc5d0 \uc784\uba85\ub418\uc5b4 \uc218\ub825(\u4fee\u66c6)\uc758 \uc77c\uc744 \ucd1d\uc7ac\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc11c\uc591\ub825\uc758 \uc6b0\uc218\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc11c\ud559(\u897f\u5b78)\uc758 \uc774\ud574\uc790 \uac15\ud76c\uc81c(\u5eb7\u7199\u5e1d)\ub294 \ud638\uad6d\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8, \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ucde8\ubbf8\ub85c \uae30\ud558\ud559, \ucc9c\ubb38 \uc5ed\ubc95, \ub300\ud3ec \uc81c\uc870, \uc758\uc57d, \uc9c0\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ud070 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uc3df\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ud2b9\ud788 \uc608\uc218\ud68c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc870\uc815\uc5d0 \ubd09\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ucc9c\ubb38\ud559\uc790 \u00b7 \uc218\ud559\uc790 \u00b7 \ub300\ud3ec \uc8fc\uc870\uc790 \u00b7 \uc758\uc57d\uc0ac \u00b7 \uc608\uc220\uac00 \u00b7 \ud1b5\uc5ed\uad00\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc7a5\ub798\uc758 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uc804\uad50\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud5cc\uc2e0\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc 1692\ub144 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uacf5\ud5c8(\u516c\u8a31)\uc758 \uce59\ub839\uc774 \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uce59\ub839\uc758 \uc774\uba74\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uaddc\uc81c\ub098 \uc81c\ud55c\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ud669\uc81c \uc790\uc2e0\uc740 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \ub0c9\ub2f4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ubc18\uba74 \uc774 \ub54c\ub97c \uc804\ud6c4\ud558\uc5ec \uc608\uc218\ud68c\uc640 \uadf8 \ud6c4 \uc2a4\ud398\uc778\uc758 \uc6d0\uc870\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4 \ub0b4\ud56d\ud55c \uc218\ub3c4\ud68c\uc778 \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54\ud68c, \ud504\ub780\uce58\uc2a4\ucf54\ud68c, \uc544\uc6b0\uad6c\uc2a4\ud2f0\ub178\ud68c, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \ud30c\ub9ac \uc678\ubc29\uc120\uad50\ud68c \ub4f1\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc640\uc758 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc804\uad50\ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc804\ub840\ubb38\uc81c(\u5178\u79ae\u554f\u984c, rites controversy)\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub450 \ubc88 \uad50\ud669\uc0ac\uc808\uc774 \ud2b9\ud30c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uacf5\uc790\uc22d\ubc30, \uc870\uc0c1\uc22d\ubc30\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc608\uc2dd\uc740 \uc77c\uccb4 \ubbf8\uc2e0\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub824 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae08\uc9c0\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc911\uad6d\ud669\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uc774 \uc911\uad6d\uc758 \uc804\ub840\ub97c \ube44\ub09c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ub840 \ubd80\uc778\ud30c\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \ucd94\ubc29\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, 1724\ub144 \uc639\uc815\uc81c(\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d)\ub294 \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \uae08\uad50\uc758 \uc870\uc11c\ub97c \ub0b4\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\ud6c4 1844\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc911\uad6d \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \ubc15\ud574\uc2dc\uae30\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc608\uc218\ud68c\uc801 \uc804\uad50\ubc29\ubc95\uc778 \ucc9c\uc8fc \uc989 \uc0c1\uc81c(\u5929\u4e3b \u537d \u4e0a\u5e1d)\ub77c\ub294 \uc6d0\uc2dc\uc720\uad50\uc5d0\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\ub9ac \ubd80\ud569, \uc911\uad6d\uc801\uc778 \ud48d\uc18d, \uc608\uc808\uc5d0\uc758 \uc801\uc751, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc29\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ubb34\uc218\ud55c \ud55c\uc5ed\uc11c\ud559\uc11c \ub4f1 \uc801\uc751\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc804\uad50\ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uc885\uc9c0\ubd80\ub97c \ucc0d\uace0 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc870\uc815\uc5d0 \ubd09\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uad00\ub9ac \u00b7 \uc608\uc220\uac00 \u00b7 \uc804\ubb38\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\ub9cc \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uccb4\ub958\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubbf8\uc57d\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc804\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9\uc774 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \ubcf5\uac74(\u798f\u5efa)\ubc15\ud574\ub97c \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec 120\uc5ec\ub144\uac04 \ub300\uc18c \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub610 18\uc138\uae30\ub9d0 \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c \uad50\ub3c4\ub098 \ubc31\ub828\uad50(\u767d\u84ee\u654e)\uc758 \ubc18\ub780\uc740 \ube44\ud569\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2f9\uad6d\uc758 \uc758\uc2ec\uc744 \ub192\uc5ec \uc5c4\uc911\ud55c \ub2e8\uc18d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uace0 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub3c4 \uc608\uc678\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud68c\uac00 \uc804\uad50\ud588\ub290\ub0d0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadf8 \ub300\uc0c1\uacc4\uce35\uacfc \ubc29\ubc95, \uc218\uc6a9\ub300\uc0c1\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ub294 \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc720\uad50\uc801 \ubc14\ud0d5 \uc704\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec \uc911\uad6d\ud654\ub41c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8 \uba74\ubaa8\ub97c \uc9c0\ub154\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c\uc11c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc740 \uc2dd\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc758\ub97c \ud45c\ubc29\ud558\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc81c\uad6d\uc8fc\uc758 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc544\ub798 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc804\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \ud669\ud3ec\uc870\uc57d(\u9ec3埔\u689d\u7d04, 1844\ub144) \uc774\ud6c4 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uae08\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud56d\uad6c(\ub0a8\uacbd\uc870\uc57d\uc5d0\uc11c \uac1c\ud56d\uc9c0\ub85c \ub41c \uc0c1\ud574 \u00b7 \uad11\ub3d9 \u00b7 \ubd81\uc8fc \u00b7 \ud558\ubb38 \u00b7 \uc601\ud30c)\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4\uc788\ub294 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \ud480\ub824\uace0 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc5ec 1858\ub144 \ucc9c\uc9c4\uc870\uc57d, 1860\ub144 \ubd81\uacbd\uc870\uc57d\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ub2ec\uc131\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uccad\uad6d \uad00\ud5cc\uc740 \uc815\uaddc\uc5ec\uad8c\ub9cc \ud734\ub300\ud558\uba74 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub294 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc804\uad50 \ubcf4\ud638\uad8c\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\uace0 \ub3c5\uc77c\ub3c4 19\uc138\uae30\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uad6d\ub825\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uad6d \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\uad8c\uc744 \uc7c1\ucde8\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uc11c\uad6c\uc5f4\uac15\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\uad8c\ub825\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ud63c\ub3d9\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc804\uad50\uc5d0 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ud070 \ud3d0\ud574\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ud558\ud2bc 20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc804\uad50\ub294 \ucc29\ucc29 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc5ec 1939\ub144 \uc2e0\uc790\uc218\ub294 318\ub9cc\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub974\ub800\uace0 \ud604 \uc815\uad8c\uc740 \uc911\uad6d \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ub85c\ub9c8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub2e8\uc808\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\ud3b8 \uc2e0\uad50(Protestant)\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc804\ub3c4 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc778 \ub7f0\ub358\ud68c\uac00 \ubaa8\ub9ac\uc2a8(R. Morrison)\uc744 1807\ub144 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \ud30c\uacac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc2dc\ub294 \uae08\uad50\uc758 \uc640\uc911\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub0b4\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0 \uc911\uad6d\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ud798\uc368 \uc131\uc11c \ubc88\uc5ed\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uc778\ubb3c\uc774 \uadc0\uce28\ub77c\ud504(Karl Gutzlaff)\uc774\uba70 \uadf8\uac00 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud55c \uc131\uc11c\ub098 \uc885\uad50\uc11c\ub294 \ud0dc\ud3c9\ucc9c\uad6d(\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u570b)\uc758 \uc218\uc911\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00 \ub300\uc911\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd \ub0b4\uc9c0\uc804\ub3c4\uac00 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc601\uad6d \u00b7 \ubbf8\uad6d \u00b7 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \ub4f1\uc758 \uc2e0\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc758 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub530\ub97c \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0 \uc2e0\uc790 \ud68d\ub4dd\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc774 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc11c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\ub8cc \ub610\ub294 \uac12\uc2fc \uc885\uad50\uc11c\ub97c \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc11c \uc804\uad50, \uad50\ud68c\ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc778 \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud68d\ub4dd\ud558\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uc804\uad50, \uc758\ub8cc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\uc2ec\uc744 \uc5bb\ub294 \uc758\ub8cc \uc804\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub178\ub825\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
20\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \ub178\ub825\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uac8c \ub418\ub294\ub370, \uad50\uc138\ub294 \uc735\uc131\ud574\uc838\uc11c 1935\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 51\ub9cc\uba85\uc758 \uc2e0\uc790\ub97c \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc790\ubcf8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ubc1c\ub2ec\uc774 \uc740\uc5f0\uc911 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \ud798\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989 \ub2e4\uc561\uc758 \uc790\uae08\uc774 \uc911\uad6d \uc804\uad50\uc5d0 \ucda9\ub2f9\ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \uadf8 \uc804\ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc911\uad6d\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc804\ud658\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubcf8\uc0c9\uad50\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9(\u672c\u8272\u654e\u6703\u904b\u52d5)\uc774 \uc804\uac1c\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5b4\uca0c\ub4e0 19\u223c20\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc5ed\ud560 \ub4f1 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ucc98\ud574\uc9c4 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc678 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\ub828\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud574 \ub098\uac00\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uc548 \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. (\u5d14\u8a54\u5b50)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] \u5fb7\uf9b6\u8ce2, \u4e2d\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u50b3\u654e\u53f2, \u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8舘, \u81fa\u5317 1972 \/ \u65b9\u8c6a, \uf9e1\u4e4b\u85fb\u784f\u7a76, \u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8舘, \u81fa\u5317 1965 \/ \u4e2d\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6703\u53f2 \u4eba\u7269\u50b3, 3\u518a, \u516c\u654e\u771e\u7406\u5b78\u6703, \u9999\u6e2f 1970\/ \uf90f\u5149, \uf9e1\u746a\u7ac7\u50b3, \u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c40, \u81fa\u5317 1979: \u5f90\u5149\u5553\u50b3, \u50b3\u8a18\u6587\u5b78\u96dc\u8a8c\u793e, \u81fa\u5317 1982 \/ \u5f90\u5b97\u6fa4 \u7de8\u8457, \u660e\u6df8\u9593\u8036\u8607\u6703\u58eb\u8b6f\u8457\u63d0\u8981, \u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40, \u81fa\u5317, 1958 \/ \u77e2\u6fa4\uf9dd\u5f66, \u4e2d\u570b\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u654e, \u8fd1\u85e4\u51fa\u7248\u793e, \u6771\u4eac 1972 \/ \u4f50\u4f2f\u597d\u90de, \u652f\u90a3\u57fa\u7763\u654e\u53f2\u306e\u784f\u7a76, \u6625\u79cb\u793e, \u6771\u4eac 1944; \u6df8\u671d\u57fa\u7763\u654e\u53f2\u306e\u784f\u7a76, \u6625\u79cb\u793e, \u6771\u4eac 1949 \/ \u5f90\u5149\u5553 \u7b49\u64b0, \u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6771\u50b3\u6587\u737b\u7e8c\u7de8, \u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c40, \u81fa\u5317 1965\/ \uf9e1\u746a\u7ac7 \u7b49\u8ff0 \u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6771\u50b3\u6587\u737b, \u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c40, \u81fa\u5317 1965\/ \u827e\u5112\u8def \u7b49, \u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6771\u50b3\u6587\u737b, \u4e09\u7de8, \u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c40, \u81fa\u5317 1965 \/ \u9ec3\u4f2f\u797f \u7de8, \u6b63\u654e\u5949\u8912, \u4e0a \u00b7 \u4e0b, \u6148\u6bcd\u5802, \u4e0a\u6d77 1884. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uac00 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc804\ub798\ub418\uc5b4 \ubc88\uc601\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc138 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8 \ub2f9 \u00b7 \uc6d0(\u5510\u5143)\uc2dc\ub300, \ub458\uc9f8 \uba85 \u00b7 \uccad(\u660e\u6df8)\uc2dc\ub300, \uc14b\uc9f8 \uadfc\ub300(19\uc138\uae30) \uc774\ud6c4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub2f9\uc758 635\ub144 \uc804\ub798\ub41c \uacbd\uad50(\u666f\u654e, Nestorianism)\ub294 \uc18c\uc544\uc2dc\uc544\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc758 \uc77c\ud30c\ub85c\uc11c \ubbf8\uc2dc\uc18c\uacbd(\u8ff7\u8a69\u6240\u7d93), \uc77c\uc2e0\ub860(\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6), \uacbd\uad50\uc0bc\uc704\ubabd\ub3c4\ucc2c(\u666f\u654e\u4e09\u5a01\u8499\u5ea6\u8b9a) \uac19\uc740 \ud55c\ubb38 \uc804\uad50\uc11c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc911\uad6d\uc778\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30