\ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5(1821\u223c1861). \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80. \uc138\ub840\uba85 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4. \uc591\uc5c5(\uf97c\u696d)\uc740 \uc544\uba85(\u5152\u540d)\uc774\uace0 \uad00\uba85(\u51a0\u540d)\uc740 \uc815\uad6c(\u9f0e\u4e5d), \ubcf8\uad00\uc740 \uacbd\uc8fc. \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub77d\uace8[\uc77c\uba85 \ub300\ub798\uace8, \ud604 \u9751\u967d\u90e1 \u5316\u6210\u9762 \uf9b6\u5ca9\u91cc]\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\uc0dd.<\/p>\n
1. \uc0dd\uc560 : \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ub3c5\uc2e4\ud55c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790 \ucd5c\uacbd\ud658(\u5d14\u4eac\u7165)\uacfc \uc774\uc131\ub840(\uf9e1\u8056\u79ae)\uc758 \uc7a5\ub0a8\uc73c\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uad50\uc721\uacfc \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uc790\ub790\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uc871\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc99d\uc870\ubd80 \ub54c \uc774\uc874\ucc3d(\uf9e1\u5b58\u660c)\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\ub85c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0 \uc785\uad50\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubcf8\uc2dc \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0b4\uc558\ub294\ub370 \uc870\ubd80 \ub54c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ud53c\ud574 \ub099\ud5a5, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud64d\uc8fc(\u6d2a\u5dde) \ub545\uc778 \ub2e4\ub77d\uace8\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c \ucd5c\uacbd\ud658\uc774 \ucd9c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uacbd\ud658\uc740 \uc774\uc131\ub840\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80 \uc77c\uac00\uc640 \uce5c\ucc99\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4(\ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uacfc \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc9c4\uc678 6\ucd0c\uac04).<\/p>\n
\ub2e4\ub77d\uace8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc810\ucc28 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \ub109\ub109\ud574\uc9c0\uace0 \ub610 \uc678\uad50\uc778 \uce5c\ucc99\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc811\ucd09\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \ud574\uc774\ud574\uc9c0\uc790 \ucd5c\uacbd\ud658\uc740 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud615\uc81c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc124\ub4dd\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc11c\uc6b8\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 3\ub144\ub9cc\uc5d0 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uc9d1\uc548\uc778 \uac83\uc774 \ud0c4\ub85c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc744 \ub5a0\ub098\uc57c \ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc774 \ub54c \ucd5c\uacbd\ud658\uc740 \uacfc\ucc9c(\u679c\u5ddd)\uc758 \uc218\ub9ac\uc0b0 \ub4a4\ub4ec\ub9ac\ub85c \ud53c\uc2e0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \uc0b0\uc9c0\ub97c \uac1c\uac04\ud558\uba70 \uc5f0\uba85\ud574 \ub098\uc544\uac14\ub294\ub370, \ud2c0\ub9bc\uc5c6\uc774 \uc774 \uacf3 \uc218\ub9ac\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc774 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\ud0c1\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1836\ub144\ucd08 \uc785\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \ubaa8\ubc29(Maubant, \uf90f\u4f2f\u591a\u797f) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc989\uc2dc \ubc29\uc778(\u90a6\u4eba) \uc131\uc9c1\uc790 \uc591\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd \uc120\ubc1c\uc5d0 \ucc29\uc218\ud588\ub294\ub370, \ub9e8 \uba3c\uc800 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc774 \ubc1c\ud0c1\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\uc5b4 \ucd5c\ubc29\uc81c(\u5d14\u65b9\u6fdf)\uc640 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc774 \ubc1c\ud0c1\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \ub4f1 \uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc740 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc758 \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80 \uacc1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\ub97c \ubc30\uc6b0\uba70 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub838\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uad6d\uc678\ub85c \ub0b4\ubcf4\ub0b4\uc5b4 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub85c \uc591\uc131\ud560 \uacc4\ud68d\uc774\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc740 \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 \uadf8\ud574 12\uc6d4 3\uc77c \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\ub85c \uac00\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc758\uc8fc(\u7fa9\u5dde)\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc744 \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c \uadf8 \uc804\ub0a0 \ubaa8\ubc29 \uc2e0\ubd80 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc18c\uba85(\u53ec\u547d)\uc5d0 \ucda9\uc2e4\ud558\uace0 \uc7a5\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc21c\uc885\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc120\uc11c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc815\ud558\uc0c1(\u4e01\u590f\u7965), \uc870\uc2e0\ucca0(\u8d99\u4fe1\u5586) \ub4f1 \uc720\uc9c0 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc774 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3d9\ud589\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc744 \ubcc0\ubb38(\u908a\u9580)\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc778\ub3c4\ud558\uace0 \uac70\uae30\uc11c \uc0c8 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \ub9de\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ud589\uc774 12\uc6d4 28\uc77c \ubcc0\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \ud6c4, \uc138 \uc18c\ub144\uc740 \uc911\uad6d\uc778 \uc548\ub0b4\uc6d0\uc744 \ub530\ub77c \uc911\uad6d \ub300\ub959\uc744 \ud6a1\ub2e8, \uc774\ub4ec\ud574 6\uc6d4 7\uc77c \ubaa9\uc801\uc9c0\uc778 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0 \ubb34\uc0ac\ud788 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub9c8\uce74\uc624 \uc8fc\uc7ac \ud30c\ub9ac \uc678\ubc29\uc804\uad50\ud68c \uadf9\ub3d9 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80 \ucc45\uc784\uc790 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640(Legregeois) \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc784\uc2dc\ub85c \uc870\uc120\uc2e0\ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc \uc870\uc120\uc778 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd 3\uba85\uc744 \uad50\uc721\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80 \ucc45\uc784 \ud558\uc5d0 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80 \ucc28\uc7a5 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640(Libois) \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uc8fc\ub85c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc870\uc120 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub85c \ubd80\uc784\ud55c \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974(Maistre)\uc640 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc(Berneux) \uc2e0\ubd80\ucc98\ub7fc \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0 \uccb4\ub958\ud558\ub294 \uae30\ud68c\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \ub3d5\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uacfc \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc544\ud3b8\uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uc804\ud6c4\ud574 \ud604\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ubbfc\ub780(\u6c11\u4e82)\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ub450 \ubc88\uc774\ub098 \ub9c8\ub2d0\ub77c\ub85c \ud53c\ub09c\ud574\uc57c \ud588\uace0, \ub610 \ucd5c\ubc29\uc81c\uc640 1\ub144\uc5ec\ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ubcc4(\u6b7b\u5225)\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc720\ud559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \uc21c\ud0c4\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc\uc740 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \uadf8\ub798\ub3c4 1842\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1842\ub144 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc218\ud559 \uc911\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uac11\uc790\uae30 \uadc0\uad6d\uae38\uc5d0 \uc624\ub974\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc65c\ub0d0\ud558\uba74 \uc138\uc2e4(Cecille) \ud568\uc7a5\uc774 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc758 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\uc640 \uc870\uc120\uc6d0\uc815\uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \uc54c\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \uc870\uc120\uc778 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd 1\uba85\uc744 \ud1b5\uc5ed\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\ud589\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc904 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud588\uace0, \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\uc7a5 \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294(\uadf8\uac04 \ub974\uadf8\ub808\uc988\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud30c\ub9ac\ubcf8\ubd80\ub85c \uc804\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4) \ubc8c\uc368 \uba87 \ub144\uc9f8 \uc870\uc120\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc774 \ub04a\uaca8\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc138\uc2e4\uc758 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc12d\ub9ac\ucc98\ub7fc \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uace0 \ucf8c\ub77d\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc544\ud3b8\uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\uc774 \uac00\uae4c\uc6cc\uc9c0\uc790 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc911\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4 \ubcf4\ub824\ub294 \uc2ec\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uad70\ud568 2\ucc99, \uc989 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4\ud638\uc640 \ud30c\ubcf4\ub9ac\ud2b8\ud638\ub97c \ud30c\uacac\ud588\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc138\uc2e4\uc740 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4\ud638\uc758 \ud568\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub9ac\ube0c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uac74\uac15\uc774 \uc57d\ud55c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc744 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uba3c\uc800 \uc5d0\ub9ac\uace4\ud638\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc6cc \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4(2\uc6d4 15\uc77c). \ud55c\ud3b8 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ud30c\ubcf4\ub9ac\ud2b8\ud638\ub85c \ub5a0\ub098\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uc785\ud56d(\u5165\u6e2f)\uc774 \ub2a6\uc5b4\uc838 7\uc6d4 17\uc77c\uc5d0\uc57c \uc694\ub3d9(\uf9c3\u6771)\uad50\uad6c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \ube0c\ub93c\ub2c8\uc5d0\ub974(Bruniere) \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\ub97c \ucd9c\ud56d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
8\uc6d4 23\uc77c \uc624\uc1a1(\u5433\u6dde)\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uba3c\uc800 \ub5a0\ub09c \uae40\ub300\uac74\uacfc \ub9cc\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc138\uc2e4\uc740 \ub0a8\uacbd\uc870\uc57d\uc774 \uccb4\uacb0\ub418\uc790(8\uc6d4 29\uc77c) \ub354 \uc774\uc0c1 \ubd81\uc0c1(\u5317\u4e0a)\ud558\uae30\ub97c \ud3ec\uae30\ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub450 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad70\ud568\uc5d0\uc11c \ud558\uc120\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uadc0\uad6d\ud560 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ud589\ud788 \uac15\ub0a8(\u6c5f\u5357)\uad50\uad6c\uc7a5\uc758 \uc8fc\uc120\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uad6d\ubc30 \ud55c \ucc99\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5b4 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc694\ub3d9\uc744 \ub5a0\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \ubc30\ub85c 10\uc6d4 2\uc77c \uc0c1\ud574(\u4e0a\u6d77)\ub97c \ub5a0\ub098 10\uc6d4 23\uc77c \uc694\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uadf8 \uacf3\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ubabd\uace0\ub545 \ud314\uac00\uc790(\u516b\u5bb6\u5b50)\ub85c \uac00\uc11c \ud398\ub808\uc62c(Ferreol, \u9ad8) \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \ud569\ub958\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uc18c\ud314\uc790\uac00(\u5c0f\u516b\u5bb6\u5b50) \uad50\uc6b0\ucd0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e0\ud559\uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc785\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ud328\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uadf8\uac04\uc758 \uc870\uc120\uad50\ud68c \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \ub4e4\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 1839\ub144 \uae30\ud574\ubc15\ud574\ub85c 3\uba85\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\uce5c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc758 \ubd80\ubaa8 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud55c \uc18c\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc811\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc804\ud574\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc21c\uad50\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ucc38\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \ubd80\ub044\ub7ec\uc6cc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uc81c3\ub300 \uc870\uc120\uad50\uad6c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1843\ub144 12\uc6d4 31\uc77c \uac1c\uc8fc(\u84cb\u5dde)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\uad50\uc131\uc131\uc2dd\uc744 \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc131\uc131\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud55c \ud6c4 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc18c\ud314\uac00\uc790\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uace0, \uc5bc\ub9c8 \ub4a4 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uae40\ub300\uac74\ub3c4 \uc18c\ud314\uac00\uc790\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac04 \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c \ubc88 \ud6c8\ucd98\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1844\ub144 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uacfc \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc740 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ub05d\ub0b4\uace0 \uc5f0\ub9d0\uc5d0(\ub2a6\uc5b4\ub3c4 12\uc6d4 15\uc77c \uc774\uc804) \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd80\uc81c\ud488\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\ubc95\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294(\ub9cc 24\uc138) \uc5f0\ub839 \ubbf8\ub2ec\ub85c \uc0ac\uc81c\ud488\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc1b\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \ubd80\uc81c\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d \uc18c\ud314\uac00\uc790\uc5d0 \ub0a8\uc544 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \ubd80\uc81c\ub294 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c \ub05d\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \ub300\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 1845\ub144 \ud55c \ud574\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9bc \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ud5c8\uc1a1\ud55c \ub4a4 1846\ub144\ucd08\uc5d0 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub450\ub9cc\uac15 \ucabd\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub4a4 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uc694\ub3d9\uad50\uad6c\uc758 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub3c4\uc6b0\uba70 1846\ub144\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4. 1846\ub144 \ub9d0 \ubcc0\ubb38\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \ub610 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub54c \uadf8\ub294 \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \uc21c\uad50\ud55c \uc18c\uc2dd\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uc721\ub85c(\u9678\u8def)\ub85c\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \ub2e8\ub150\ud558\uace0 \ud574\ub85c(\u6d77\u8def)\ub85c\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud64d\ucf69\uc758 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\ub85c \uac14\ub2e4(\uadf8\uac04 \uacbd\ub9ac\ubd80\ub294 \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\uc5d0\uc11c \ud64d\ucf69\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc804\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4).<\/p>\n
1847\ub144 \ucd08\uc5d0 \ud64d\ucf69\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uc785\uad6d\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud398\ub808\uc62c \uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc628 \ud55c\uad6d\uc21c\uad50\uc790\uc804\uae30\ub97c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\ub85c \uc62e\uacbc\ub2e4. \ub4dc\ub514\uc5b4 \uc785\uad6d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc88b\uc740 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \uc654\ub2e4. \ub77c\ud53c\uc5d0\ub974(Lapierre) \ud568\uc7a5\uc774 \uc870\uc120\uc815\ubd80\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud68c\ub2f5\uc744 \ubc1b\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc870\uc120\ud574\uc548\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1\ub144 \uc804 \uc138\uc2e4\uc740 \uc870\uc120 \uc11c\ud574\uc548\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 1839\ub144 3\uba85\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub97c \uc0b4\ud574\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3b\ub294 \uc11c\ud55c\uc744 \uc870\uc120\uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uba74\uc11c 1\ub144 \ud6c4 \uadf8 \ud68c\ub2f5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\ub7ec \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc624\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub0a8\uae30\uace0 \ub3cc\uc544\uc654\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub77c\ud53c\uc5d0\ub974 \ud568\uc7a5\uc740 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80, \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uad70\ud568 2\ucc99\uc744 \uc774\ub04c\uace0 1847\ub144 7\uc6d4 28\uc77c \ub9c8\uce74\uc624\ub97c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub450 \uad70\ud568\uc740 \uace0\uad70\uc0b0\ub3c4(\u53e4\u7fa4\u5c71\u5cf6)\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub09c\ud30c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ud574\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad6c\uc870\uc120\uc774 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \uc721\uc9c0\ub85c \uc7a0\uc785\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc628\uac16 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774 \uad6c\uc870\uc120\uc744 \ud0c0\uace0 \uc0c1\ud574\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc640\uc57c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub09c\ud30c\ub41c \uad70\ud568\uc758 \uc794\ud574(\u6b98\u9ab8)\ub97c \uac70\ub450\ub7ec \uac08 \uac83\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \ud655\uc2e4\uc2dc \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub838\uc73c\ub098 \uadf8\uac83\ub3c4 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc0ac\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 1848\ub144\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub098\uac00 \ubc84\ub838\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1849\ub144 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ubc31\ub839\ub3c4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \ub124 \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \ub610 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc0c1\ud574\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc628 \uadf8\ub294 4\uc6d4 15\uc77c \uac15\ub0a8\uad50\uad6c\uc7a5 \ub9c8\ub808\uc2a4\uce74(Maresca) \uc8fc\uad50\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc219\uc6d0\uc778 \uc0ac\uc81c\ud488\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ub3d9\ub8cc \uae40\ub300\uac74\uc5d0 \uc774\uc5b4 \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc721\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uace0\uc790 5\uc6d4 \uc694\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc5f0\ub9d0\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\uba70 7\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc \ubd80\uc8fc\uad50\ub97c \ub3c4\uc6b0\uba70 \uc0ac\ubaa9\uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc313\uc558\ub2e4. 12\uc6d4 \ubcc0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\uace0, \uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\ub294 \uc785\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uba54\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub974 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\uc9c0\ub294 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ub85c \uc785\uad6d\uae38\uc5d0 \uc624\ub978 \uc9c0 7\ub144 6\uac1c\uc6d4, \uc785\uad6d\uc758 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uac70\ub4ed\ud558\uae30 \ub2e4\uc12f \ubc88\ub9cc\uc758 \uc131\uacf5\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud65c\ub3d9 : \uadc0\uad6d\ud558\uc790 \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ud734\uc2dd\uc744 \ucde8\ud560 \uaca8\ub97c\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc774 5\uac1c \ub3c4\ub97c \ub450\ub8e8 \ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70, \uadf8\uac83\ub3c4 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0b0\uac04\ubcbd\uc9c0\ub9cc\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70 \uad50\uc6b0\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2ec\ubc29\ud558\uace0 \uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9d1\uc804\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1\ub144\uac04 7\ucc9c\uc5ec\ub9ac\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70 4,000\uc5ec\uba85\uc758 \uace0\ud574\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uac74\uac15\ud55c \ud3b8\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc6cc\ub099 \uadf8\uac00 \ub9e1\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc774 \ub113\uace0 \uc804\uad6d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0b0\uc7ac\ud574 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc5ec\uac04 \ud798\ub4e4\uc9c0\uac00 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucca0\uc885\ub144\uac04(1850\u223c1863)\uc740 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\uac00 \ubb35\uc778\ub418\ub358 \ub54c\uc5ec\uc11c \uc815\uc2dd \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc18c\uc704 \uc0ac\uad70\ub09c(\u79c1\u7a98\u96e3)\uc740 \uadf8\uce60 \ub0a0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uad70\ub09c\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc804\uad50\uc5ec\ud589\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uace0, \uc678\uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2b5\uaca9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub420 \ubed4\ub3c4 \ud588\uace0, \ucd94\ubc29\ub418\uace0, \uad00\uac00\uc5d0 \uace0\ubc1c\ub418\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub3c4\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uacaa\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\uac19\uc774 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uacfc \uad81\ud54d \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac1c\uc885\uacfc \uc6a9\uac10\ud55c \uc785\uad50\uc790\ub4e4 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc704\ub85c\uc640 \uae30\uc068\uc744 \ub290\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\uac19\uc774 \ubc14\uc05c \uc804\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0dd\uc744 \uc120\ubc1c\ud558\uc5ec \ud398\ub0ad \uc2e0\ud559\uad50\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0c8\uace0 \ub610\ud55c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \uc8fc\uc120\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc99d\uc5b8\uacfc \uc790\ub8cc\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc218\uc9d1\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc9c0\uce60 \uc904 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uc5f4\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80 \ud63c\uc790\ub9cc\ub3c4 1,000\uc5ec\uba85\uc758 \uc608\ube44\uc790\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uac1c\uc885\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uadf8 \uc808\uc815\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud588\uc744 \ub54c \ub73b\ubc16\uc5d0 1859\ub144\ub9d0\uc5d0 \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4[\u5e9a\u7533\u8feb\u5bb3]. \uc774 \ubc15\ud574\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uacbd\uc0c1\ub3c4\uc758 \ud55c \uacf5\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub2ec \ub3d9\uc548 \uc678\ubd80\uc640 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc18c\uc2dd\uc774 \ub450\uc808\ub41c \ucc44 \uac07\ud600 \uc9c0\ub0b4\uc57c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud3ec\uc878\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3ec\uc704\ub9dd\uc744 \ube60\uc838 \ub098\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uadf8\ub294 \uc120\uc0dd\uc2e0\ubd80\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\ubcc4\ud3b8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc4f0\uace0 \uc21c\uad50\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac01\uc624\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \ub2e4\ud589\ud788 \uc624\ub798 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uc804\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc885\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ubc15\ud574 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ubc00\ub9b0 \uacf5\uc18c\ub97c \ub108\ubb34 \ubb34\ub9ac\ud558\uac8c \ucd94\uc9c4\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud558\ub8e8\uc5d0 80\ub9ac \ub0b4\uc9c0 100\ub9ac\ub97c \uac78\uc5c8\uace0 \ubc24\uc5d0\ub294 \uace0\ud574\uc131\uc0ac\ub97c \uc8fc\uace0, \ub0a0\uc774 \uc0c8\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacf5\uc18c\ub85c \ub5a0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74\uc11c \uadf8\ub294 \ud55c \ub2ec \ub3d9\uc548 \ub098\ud758\ubc24\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc218\uba74\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc131\uc0ac\uc9d1\uc804\uc744 \ub05d\ub0b8 \uadf8\ub294 \uc8fc\uad50\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uace0\ucc28 \uc0c1\uacbd\ud558\ub358 \uc911 1861\ub144 6\uc6d4 \uacfc\ub85c\ub85c \uacbd\uc0c1\ub3c4 \ubb38\uacbd(\u805e\u6176)[\ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \u93ad\u5ddd\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uacac\ud574\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4]\uc5d0\uc11c \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc838 \uc7a5\ud2f0\ud478\uc2a4\ub85c \ubcf4\ub984\ub9cc\uc5d0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \uc2e0\ubd80 \uc9d1\uc548\uc5d0 \uc804\ud574\uc9c0\ub294 \uad6c\uc804\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \uc1e0\uace0\uae30\uc5d0 \uccb4\ud574 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub294\ub370 \uc544\ub9c8 \ucc98\uc74c\uc758 \uc2dd\uc911\ub3c5\uc774 \uacb9\uce5c \uacfc\ub85c\ub85c \ud569\ubcd1\uc99d\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf1c \uc7a5\ud2f0\ud478\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c \uac83 \uac19\ub2e4. \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud65c\ub3d9 12\ub144 \ub9cc\uc5d0 \uae30\uc9c4\ub9e5\uc9c4\ud55c \ub05d\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc9c1\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc7a5\ub840\uc2dd\uc740 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uc9d1\uc804\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uc11d\ud55c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ubc30\ub860 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a5\uc5c4\ud558\uac8c \uac70\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \uc0b0\uae30\uc2ad\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc740 \uc870\uc120\uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uadf8\uac00 \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc600\uace0, \uc5f4\ub82c\ud55c \uc120\uad50\uc5f4\uc5d0 \ud559\ub355\uc744 \uacb8\ube44\ud55c \ubaa8\ubc94\uc801 \uc0ac\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2f9\uc7a5\uc740 \uadf8 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc73c\ub85c\uc368\ub3c4 \ubcf4\ucda9\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc190\uc2e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad50\uad6c\uc7a5\uc744 \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c\uacb0\uac19\uc774 \uadf8\uc758 \uc720\ub355\uc744 \ucd94\ubaa8\ud574 \ub9c8\uc9c0\uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \uc800\uc220\ud65c\ub3d9 : \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5 \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 19\ud1b5\uc758 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc11c\ud55c[\uadf8 \uc911 1\ud1b5\uc740 \u907a\u5931]\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4\ub97c \uc815\ud655\ud558\uac8c \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uc4f8 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubbf8\uc0ac\uc5ec\uad6c\ub97c \uad6c\uc0ac\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uadf8\ub294 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc791\ubb38 2\ud1b5\uc744 \ub0a8\uacbc\ub2e4. \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc11c\ud55c\ub4e4\uc740 \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80 \uc790\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uac70\ub2c8\uc640 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ubd88\uac00\uacb0\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc790\ub8cc\uc774\uace0 \ub610\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d \uadfc\uc138\uc0ac \uc5f0\uad6c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc21c\uad50\uc0ac\uc801\uc744 \uc704\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c\uad6d \uc21c\uad50\uc790\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc99d\uc5b8\uacfc \uc790\ub8cc\ub3c4 \uc218\uc9d1\ud588\ub294\ub370 \ub2e4\ube14\ub93c(Daveluy, \u5b89\u6566\u5c39) \ubcf4\uc88c\uc8fc\uad50\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uadf8\uc758 \ube44\ub9dd\uae30(\u5099\u5fd8\u8a18)\uc5d0 \uc218\ub85d\ud588\uace0, \ub2ec\ub808(Dallet)\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uadf8\uc758 \u226a\ud55c\uad6d\ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50\ud68c\uc0ac\u226b\uc5d0 \uc218\ub85d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \u226a\ud55c\uad6d\uc21c\uad50\uc790\uc804\u226b\uc744 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud588\ub294\ub370 \uadf8 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud558\ub2e4. \u201c1839\ub144\uacfc 1846\ub144\uc5d0 \uc870\uc120\uc655\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\ubc1c\ud55c \ubc15\ud574 \uc911\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ubc14\uce5c \uc21c\uad50\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\uae30. \ud604 \uac00\ub864\ub85c\uc640 \uc774 \ub3c4\ub9c8 \uc218\uc9d1. \ubca8\ub9ac\ub098 \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc6d0\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucd5c \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ubd80\uc81c \ubc88\uc5ed\u201d.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc644\uc804\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uad50\ub9ac\ubb38\ub2f5\uc758 \ucd9c\ud310\uc744 \uc900\ube44\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc774 1864\ub144 \ubaa9\ud310\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\ud589\ub41c \u226a\uc131\uad50\uc694\ub9ac\ubb38\ub2f5\u226b\uc774\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uc8fc\uc694 \uae30\ub3c4\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ud2c0\ub9bc\uc5c6\uc774 \uac19\uc740 \ud574 \uac04\ud589\ub41c \u226a\ucc9c\uc8fc\uc131\uad50\uacf5\uacfc\u226b\uc600\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \ub610\ud55c \uc0ac\ud5a5\uac00, \uc0ac\uc2ec\ud310\uac00, \uacf5\uc2ec\ud310\uac00 \ub4f1 \ub9ce\uc740 \ucc9c\uc8fc\uac00\uc0ac(\u5929\u4e3b\u6b4c\u8fad)\ub97c \uc800\uc220\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub294\ub370 \uadf8 \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uc800\uc790\uc131(\u8457\u8005\u6027)\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc880 \ub354 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc11c\uc9c0\ud559\uc801(\u66f8\u8a8c\u5b78\u7684)\uc778 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc758 \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ub8cc\ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uc601\uc131(\uf9b3\u6027) : \uadf8\uc758 \uc131\uc131(\u8056\u6027)\uc740 \ubca0\ub974\ub1cc \uc8fc\uad50\uc640 \ub2e4\ube14\ub93c \ubcf4\uc88c\uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \ucc2c\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ucc98\ub7fc \uad73\uac74\ud55c \uc2e0\uc2ec, \ub4dc\ubb38 \ub355\ud589, \uad6c\ub839(\u6551\u9748)\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ubd88\uac19\uc740 \uc5f4\uc2ec \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc694\uc57d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ub355\ud589 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \uacb8\ub355(\u8b19\u5fb7)\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacb8\ub355\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub73b\uc5d0 \ub9e1\uae30\uace0, \uc21c\uba85\uc744 \uae30\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uace0(\uc774\uac83\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 7\uc5ec\ub144\uc5d0 \uac78\uce5c \uc785\uad6d\uc2dc\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc2e4\ud788 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0ac\ub2e4), \ub300\uc778(\u5c0d\u4eba)\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc744 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc874\uc5c4\uc131\uc5d0\uc11c \uc62c\ubc14\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc601\ud63c\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc9c0\uce60 \uc904 \ubaa8\ub974\ub294 \uc5f4\uc131\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 12\ub144\uac04\uc758 \uc0ac\ubaa9\ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5ec\uc2e4\ud788 \uc785\uc99d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ub3d9\ub8cc \uae40\ub300\uac74 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc131\uc131\uc774 \ud55c\ub9c8\ub514\ub85c \ud53c\uc758 \uc99d\uac70(\uc21c\uad50)\uc600\ub2e4\uba74 \ucd5c\uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc77c\uc0dd\uc740 \ub540\uc758 \uc99d\uac70(\uc21c\uad50)\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc815\ucc45\uc740 \uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc608\uc5b8\uc790\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8\ub85c \uadf8\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc7a5\ub798\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc591\ubc18\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud574 \ub9c8\uc9c0\uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc591\ubc18\uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc545\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uad50\ud68c \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubd84\uc5f4\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uac00\uc838\uc624\uace0, \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uc7ac\ub4f1\uc6a9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uad8c\uc774 \ubb34\uc2dc\ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8\ub85c \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \ucd5c \uc2e0\ubd80\ub294 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc804\uc5d0 \uc870\uc120\uc758 \uc2e4\uc815\uacfc \ud48d\uc18d\uc744 \uc775\ud600\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\uace0, \uc14b\uc9f8\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc801\uc778 \uc120\uad50\ub300\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc870\uc18d\ud55c \uc885\uad50\uc790\uc720\uc758 \ud68d\ub4dd\uacfc \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uc815\ubd80\uce21\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc870\uc120\uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc678\uad50\ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. (\u5d14\u596d\u7950)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] \uf9f4\u5fe0\u4fe1 \u00b7 \u5d14\u596d\u7950 \u8b6f\u8a3b, \u5d14\uf97c\u696d\u795e\u7236\u66f8\u7ff0\u96c6, \u97d3\u570b\u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u53e2\u66f8, 3, \u97d3\u570b\u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1984 \/ \uc0e4\ub97c\ub974 \ub2ec\ub808 \uc6d0\uc800, \u5b89\u61c9\u70c8 \u00b7 \u5d14\u596d\u7950 \u8b6f\u8a3b, \u97d3\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u6703\u53f2, \u4e2d \u00b7 \u4e0b, \u97d3\u570b\u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u53e2\u66f8, \ubd84\ub3c4\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 1980 \/ \uc21c\uad50\uc790\uc640 \uc99d\uac70\uc790\ub4e4, \u97d3\u570b\u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1982 \/ \u5433\u6dd1\u69ae, \u5929\u4e3b\u654e\u8056\u6b4c\u6b4c\u8a5e\u8003(\ud2b9\ud788 \u5d14\ub3c4\ub9c8\u795e\u7236\uc758 \u8056\u6b4c\ub97c \u4e2d\u5fc3\uc73c\ub85c), \u6dd1\u5927\u5927\u5b78\u9662 \u570b\u8a9e\u570b\u6587\u5b78\u79d1\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u8ad6\u6587, 1971 \/ \u91d1\u771e\u53ec, \u5929\u4e3b\u6b4c\u8fad\uc758 \u784f\u7a76, \u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76, 3, \u97d3\u570b\u654e\u6703\u53f2\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1981 \/ \u65b9\u6f64\u9280, \u5d14\uf97c\u696d \u795e\u7236\uc758 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc9c0 \ub2e4\ub77d\uace8\uacfc \uc0c8\ud130, \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc5ed\uc0ac 91\ud638 \/ \u91d1\u7389\u59ec, \u5d14\uf97c\u696d\u795e\u7236\uc640 \u654e\u53cb\u6751, \u5b78\u6587\u793e, 1983. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5(1821\u223c1861). \ub450 \ubc88\uc9f8 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc2e0\ubd80. \uc138\ub840\uba85 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4. \uc591\uc5c5(\uf97c\u696d)\uc740 \uc544\uba85(\u5152\u540d)\uc774\uace0 \uad00\uba85(\u51a0\u540d)\uc740 \uc815\uad6c(\u9f0e\u4e5d), \ubcf8\uad00\uc740 \uacbd\uc8fc. \ucda9\uccad\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub77d\uace8[\uc77c\uba85 \ub300\ub798\uace8, \ud604 \u9751\u967d\u90e1 \u5316\u6210\u9762 \uf9b6\u5ca9\u91cc]\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd9c\uc0dd. 1. \uc0dd\uc560 : \ucd5c\uc591\uc5c5\uc740 \ub3c5\uc2e4\ud55c \ucc9c\uc8fc\uad50 \uc2e0\uc790 \ucd5c\uacbd\ud658(\u5d14\u4eac\u7165)\uacfc \uc774\uc131\ub840(\uf9e1\u8056\u79ae)\uc758 \uc7a5\ub0a8\uc73c\ub85c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub098 \ubd80\ubaa8\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ucca0\uc800\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uad50\uc721\uacfc \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uc790\ub790\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30