\uc131\uc778. \uc0ac\uc81c. \uad50\ud68c\ud559\uc790. \ucd95\uc77c\uc740 1\uc6d4 28\uc77c\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1. \uc0dd\uc560 : \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \ub85c\uce74\uc138\uce74(Roccasecca) \uc131\uc5d0\uc11c 1224\ub144\ub9d0\uc774\ub098 1225\ub144\ucd08\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \ubd80\uce5c\uc740 \uc544\ud034\ub178\uc758 \ubc31\uc791\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc12f \uc0b4 \ub54c \ubaac\ud14c \uce74\uc2dc\ub178(Monte Cassino)\uc758 \uc131 \ubca0\ub124\ub515\ud1a0 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \ud559\ubb38\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1239\ub144 14\uc138\uc5d0 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\ub300\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8, 1244\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\uc758 \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54 \ud0c1\ubc1c\uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uc785\ud68c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1245\ub144\uc5d0 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub85c \uac00\uc11c 1248\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uac19\uc740 \ud574\uc5d0 \uc54c\ubca0\ub974\ud1a0(Albertus Magnus)\ub97c \ub530\ub77c \ucfb0\ub978\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \uacf5\ubd80\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uc2a4\uc2b9 \uc54c\ubca0\ub974\ud1a0\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uc790\uae30 \ucca0\ud559\uc774\ub098 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\ub2e4. 1252\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \ud30c\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\uc11c\uc640 \ub86c\ubca0\ub974\ud22c\uc2a4\uc758 \uba85\uc81c\uc9d1(\u547d\u984c\u96c6)\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uc600\uace0, 1254\ub144\uc5d0 \uad50\uc218 \uc790\uaca9\uc778 \ubc15\uc0ac\ud559\uc704\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 1259\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub300\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc758\ub97c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub4a4 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc640\uc11c 1268\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uad50\ud669\uccad \ubd80\uc18d\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uad50\ud669\uc774 \ub420 \ubd84\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\ud559\uc744 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1268\ub144 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud30c\ub9ac\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\uc11c 1272\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac15\uc758\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc544\ubca0\ub85c\uc774\uc2a4\ud30c \ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\uc5b4 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc640\uc11c \ub3c4\ubbf8\ub2c8\ucf54\ud68c \ucd1d\ud68c \uc2e0\ud559\uc6d0\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\ub824 \ud588\uc73c\ub098 \ubcf5\uc790 \uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac\uc624 10\uc138 \uad50\ud669\uc774 \uc18c\uc9d1\ud55c \ub9ac\uc6a9 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\ub7ec\uac00\ub358 \uc911 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc640 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac \uc911\uac04\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ud3ec\uc0ac\ub204\uc624\ubc14\uc758 \uc2dc\ud1a0\ud68c \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c 1274\ub144 3\uc6d4 7\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc120\uc885\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\uc758 \uc0dd\uc560\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uc800\uc220\uacfc \uad50\uc218\uc0dd\ud65c\ub85c \uc77c\uad00\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc9c4\ub9ac \uc5f0\uad6c\uc640 \uc639\ud638\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc77c\uc0dd\uc744 \ubc14\ucce4\uace0, \uae4a\uc740 \uc601\uc131\uc5d0 \ucda9\ub9cc\ud55c \uc0b6\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\uac00 \uc8fd\uace0 \ub09c \ub4a4 \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc740 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub098 \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud55c\ub54c \ub2e8\uc8c4\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ubcf5\uad8c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1323\ub144\uc5d0 \uc131\uc778\ud488\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub790\uc73c\uba70, \ud2b8\ub9ac\uc5d4\ud2b8 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc758 \uc815\ud1b5\uc131\uc758 \uc2dc\uae08\uc11d\ucc98\ub7fc \ub300\uc6b0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \ub4a4 20\uc138\uae30 \ud1a0\ubbf8\uc998(Thomism)\uc774 \ubd80\ud765\ub418\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\uc758 \ubb34\uc2dc\ub41c \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub85c \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \uc0ac\uc0c1 : \uc131 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\ub294 \uba3c\uc800 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 \uacac\ud574\uac00 \uc2e0\ud559\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc778\uac04 \uc774\uc131\uc758 \uc704\uce58, \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc804\ub2a5, \uc989 \uc740\ucd1d\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4, \uc815\uce58 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uadf8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc790\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uc874\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc790\uc728\uc801\uc774\ub2e4. \ucc3d\uc870\uc8fc\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \uac00\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc5d0 \ubc29\ud574\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubc14\ub85c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc740 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \uc778\uacfc\uc801(\u56e0\u679c\u7684)\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uac8c \ud558\uace0, \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uac00\uc9c4 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc740 \ud0c0\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc778\uacfc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud589\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc790\uc720\ub780 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uacfc\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uc6d0\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ubc29\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0a8\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc548\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc744 \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\ud0f1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ucc3d\uc870\uc8fc\uc774\uc2dc\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \ub2f9\uc2e0 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc720(\uf9d0)\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uacfc \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc744 \uc11c\ub85c \ub300\uc870\uc801\uc778 \ub450 \uac1c\uc758 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub3c4 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ud544\uc801\ub420 \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \ub610 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc6d0\uc778\uc744 \ub3cc\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc11c\ub85c \ub300\uc870\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c\uc11c \ud589\ub3d9\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc778\uc9c0(\u8a8d\u77e5)\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uace7 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc640 \uc6b0\uc8fc \uc548\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad6c\ubcc4\ub4e4\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ucd08\uc6d4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \u2018\uc6b0\uc5f0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\u2019\uacfc \ub530\ub85c \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub294 \u2018\ud544\uc5f0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\u2019\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \u2018\ud544\uc5f0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\u2019\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\uc5f0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc18c\uba78\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, (\uc9c8\ub8cc\uc801) \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 (\ud615\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574) \ud604\uc2e4\ud654\ub41c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\uc5f0\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc27d\uac8c \ud30c\uad34\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c8\ub8cc\uc131(\u8cea\u6599\u6027) \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub2a5\ub3d9\uc790\uac00 \uc6b0\uc5f0\uc801 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1(\u5f62\u76f8)\uc744 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafc8\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud30c\uad34\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c8\ub8cc(\u8cea\u6599)\ub294 \ud615\uc0c1\uc801(\u5f62\u76f8\u7684 \ub610\ub294 \u53ef\u77e5\u7684, \u73fe\u5be6\u7684)\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc720\ud615\uc801 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc694\uc18c\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uace7 \uac1c\uccb4\ud654\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc774\uace0, \uc774 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ud615\uc0c1 \ub610\ub294 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uac00\uc9c0\uc131(\u53ef\u77e5\u6027, intelligibility)\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uac1c\uccb4\uc801 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uac1c\uccb4 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc9c4 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\uc9c0\uc801\uc778(intelligible)\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uac1c\uccb4 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub3c4 \ud55c \ub2e8\uc5b4\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uac1c\uccb4\uc801 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc744 \uac10\uac01 \uc9c0\uac01\uc73c\ub85c\ub9cc \uc548\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ucc9c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc9c8\ub8cc\uc640 \ud615\uc0c1\uc758 \ud569\uc131\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c8\ub8cc\ub97c \ud604\uc2e4\ud654 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc790\uc874\uc801 \ud615\uc0c1\ub4e4(subsistentforms)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uace0 \uba78\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uac00\uc9c0\uc801\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac90 \uac00\uc9c0\uc801\uc774 \ubabb \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc591\uc2dd\uc774 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, \ub610 \uc0c1\uc0c1(imagination) \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ub4e4\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub9cc\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc778\uc2dd\uc591\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc778\uc2dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc5b4 \uc778\uc2dd\ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\uc131\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc778 \uac00\uc9c0\uc131\uc5d0\ub85c \ub04c\uc5b4\uc62c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc77c\uc774\uace0, \uc815\uc2e0\uc774\ub780 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud615\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc9c0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub610\ub294 \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c(intentionally) \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uacf3\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1(\u62bd\u8c61, abstraction)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ucd94\uc0c1\uc774\ub780 \ubb3c\uc9c8 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uaca8 \uc788\ub358 \uac1c\uccb4\uc801 \ud615\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ub4e4(symbols)\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8(meanings)\uac00 \ub418\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uace0, \uc120\uc5b8\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ub41c \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0 \ud070 \ubd80\ubd84(\uc989 \ucc9c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc138\uacc4)\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uac04\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uba74 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub354 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac90 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd84\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubd84\uc778\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc544\ubb34 \uc0dd\uac01\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\uac00 \uc2e0 \uc874\uc7ac \uc99d\uba85\uc5d0\uc11c \ub17c\uc99d\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub294 \uacbd\ud5d8 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uae30\ub41c \ubb38\uc81c\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud558\uac8c \uc874\uc7ac(esse)\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4\uac04\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc65c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac83\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub290\ub0d0? \ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4. \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\ub2f5\uc740 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uace7 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \uc548\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \u2018\ud558\ub290\ub2d8\u2019\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc9c4 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc131\uc744 \uc548\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \uad00\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uadf8\ubd84\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774\uc2dc\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4(\uc774\uac83\uc740 \ub300\ub2f5\uc774\uace0 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4). \uc774 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\uc800\ub7ec\ud55c \ubd84\uc774 \u2018\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uac83\ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc548\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c8\ub8cc\uc640 \ud615\uc0c1\uc758 \uad6c\ubcc4\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uace0, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc720\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc73c\uc2e0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2b9\uc131\ub4e4\uc774\ub780 \ucc9c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ucc9c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac \uc548 \ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucc9c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\uc774\ub780 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1b\uc544\uc11c \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \ucc3d\uc870 \uc548 \ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ub73b\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc9c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8(essence)\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uba74 \uac00\ub2a5\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac90 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uacfc \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uad6c\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad6c\ubcc4\uc740 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac90 \uc21c\uc21c\ud55c \ud604\uc2e4\ud0dc\ub9cc \uc788\uace0 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uac00\ub2a5\ud0dc\ub3c4 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ucc3d\uc870\uc8fc \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uac00 \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc8fc(\u7bc4\u7587)\uc758 \ubc94\uc704 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \ubc14\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac \uc790\uccb4\uc774\uc2dc\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \ud53c\uc870\ubb3c\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac \uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4 \uc774\ub860\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc131\uccb4(\u8056\u9ad4)\uc758 \uc2e4\uccb4\ubcc0\ud654(transubstantiation) \uc774\ub860\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \ube75\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub85c \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud55c \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0\ub098 \uc815\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc2e4 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ub9cc\ubb3c\uc744 \uc9c0\ud0f1\ud558\uc2dc\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \uac83\uc5d0\ub098 \ud604\uc7ac\ub85c \uacc4\uc2e0\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uc81c\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\ub294 \ub54c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub290 \ub54c\ub098 \uc9c4\uc2e4\uc774 \ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc601\uc6d0\uc131\uc774\ub780 \uc624\uc9c1 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \uc18d\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub05d\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc744 \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \uac8c \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0b6\uc5d0\ub294 \uc804\ud6c4\uad00\uacc4\ub780 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uadf8\ubd84\uc740 \uba3c\uc800 \ud558\ub098\ub97c \ud589\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc54c\uace0, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\uc744 \ud589\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc544\ub294 \uc77c\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uadf8\ubd84\uc774 \ud589\ud558\uace0 \uc544\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc11c\ub85c \uc5f0\uc18d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc804\ub2a5\uc774\ub780 \ub2f9\uc2e0\uc774 \ub73b\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\ub97c \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774\ub4e0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\ub2e4(\uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc2dc\uc791\ub3c4 \ub05d\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc2dc\uac04 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \ucc3d\uc870\ud558\ub294 \uc77c \ub4f1). \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc0ac\uac01\uc6d0\uc774\ub098 \uacfc\uac70\ub97c \ubcc0\uacbd\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc77c \ub4f1\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uad8c\ub2a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\ub41c\ub2e4. \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub2a5\ub825\uc774 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc545\uc744 \ud589 \ud560 \uc218\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\uc2dc\ub2e4. \uc545\uc774\ub780 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac \ud639\uc740 \uacb0\ud54d\uc774\uace0 \ud55c \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \ubcf8\uc131\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub300\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc758 \uacb0\uc5ec(\u7f3a\u5982)\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc131(\ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc774\uc720 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub0b4\uc7ac\uc801\uc784)\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc11c, \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc5b8\uc5b4\uac00 \uadf8\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uac00\ub97c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc740\uc720\uc801 \uc5b8\uc5b4(metaphorical language)[\uc608\ucee8\ub300 \u201c\uc8fc\ub2d8\uc740 \ub098\uc758 \ubaa9\uc790\uc2dc\ub2e4\u201d\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub9d0]\uc640 \uc790\uad6c\uc801(\u5b57\u53e5\u7684) \uc0ac\uc6a9(literal usage)[\uc608\ucee8\ub300 \u201c\ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc740 \uc120\ud558\uc2dc\ub2e4\u201d\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub9d0)\uc744 \uad6c\ubcc4\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc740\uc720\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uc740 \ubd80\uc815\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \uc790\uad6c\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc740 \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc790\uad6c\uc801 \ud45c\ud604\uc5d0\ub294 \uc720\ube44\uc801(\uf9d0\u6bd4\u7684) \ub9d0(analogical term)\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc720\ube44\uc801 \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub780 \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubaa8\ud638\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc9c0\ub9cc \uc77c\uc758\uc801(univocal) \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0, \ub2e4\uc758\uc801(equivocal) \uc5b8\uc5b4\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub0b4\uac00 \u201c\uce5c\uad6c\ub97c \uc0ac\ub791\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d, \u201c\uc88b\uc740 \uacfc\uc2e4\uc744 \uc0ac\ub791\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d, \u201c\ub098\uc758 \uc870\uad6d\uc744 \uc0ac\ub791\ud55c\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0 \u2018\uc0ac\ub791\u2019\uc774\ub780 \uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \uc11c\ub85c \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadf8\ub807\ub2e4\uace0 \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc11c\ub85c \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \u2018\uc120\ud558\ub2e4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \u2018\uc120\ud558\ub2e4\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uadf8 \ubb38\ub9e5\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uc640 \uad00\ub828\uc744 \ub9fa\uc73c\uba74 \uadf8 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc2e0\ube44\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub298\ub824\uc11c \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \uc120\uc131\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc720\ube44(\uf9d0\u6bd4, analogy)\ub780 \uc5b8\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc758 \uc774\ub860\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc720\ube44\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ub9d0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ub9d0\uc774 \ub73b\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubc14\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uac19\uc774, \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ub9d0\ub85c\uc368 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc220\uc5b4\ub85c \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \uc5b8\uae09\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uac19\uc774 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \uadf8 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c\ub294 \uacbd\uace0\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc601\uacfc \uc721\uc758 \uc774\uc6d0\ub860\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e4\uccb4\uc801 \ud615\uc0c1\uc774 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc744 \u2018\uc788\uac8c\u2019 \ud558\uace0 \u2018\ud589\ub3d9\u2019\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc774 \u2018\ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \ub418\uac8c\u2019 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ubc18\uba74 \uc9c8\ub8cc\ub294 \uac00\ubcc0\uc131\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub85c\uc11c \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\ub2a5\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uc9c0\uae08 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc774 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc0dd\uba85(\ud639\uc740 \ud63c)\uc774 \uadf8 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc758 \ud615\uc0c1\uc774\uace0, \uadf8 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uace7 \uadf8 \uc0dd\uba85\uccb4\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc8fd\uc740 \uace0\uc591\uc774\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \uace0\uc591\uc774\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \ub354\uc6b1\uc774 \uace0\uc591\uc774 \ud63c\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc721\uccb4\ub9cc\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc2e4\uccb4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub290 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc774\uace0 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0dd\uba85\ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uadf8 \ub3d9\ubb3c \ud63c\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774\uace0, \ube44\uc774\uc131\uc801 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uadf8 \ub3d9\ubb3c \ud63c\uc758 \uc721\uccb4\uc801 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4(\uc608\ucee8\ub300 \uc0ac\uace0\ud558\ub294 \uac83, \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \ub4f1)\uc740 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc721\uccb4 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc778\uac04 \uc601\ud63c\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc774\ub7f0 \ud589\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0c1\uc0c1\uc774\ub098 \uac10\uac01 \ub4f1 \uc721\uccb4\uc801 \ud589\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc790\uc5f0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4 \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \ubcf4\uba74 \uc721\uccb4 \uc548\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc601\ud63c\uc740 \uc721\uccb4\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc778\uac04 \uc721\uccb4\uc758 \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc778\uac04 \uc721\uccb4\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4dc\ub294 \uc77c \uadf8 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc77c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc721\uccb4\ub97c \ucd08\uc6d4\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc774\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc774\uc720 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc721\uccb4\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uadf8\uce58\uace0 \uc2dc\uccb4\uac00 \ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc601\ud63c\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uae30\ub97c \uadf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74 \uc778\uac04 \uc721\uccb4\uc5d0 \ud63c\uc744 \ubd88\uc5b4\ub123\ub294 \uc77c \uc5c6\uc774 \ud640\ub85c \uc788\ub294 \uc601\ud63c\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uacfc \uac19\uc744\uae4c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\ub294 \uc124\uba85\uc774 \uad81\ud574\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub294 \uc721\uccb4\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \uc601\ud63c\uc774 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \ubd80\ud65c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uacc4\uc2dc \uad50\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uba74 \uc778\uac04\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc5b4 \uc8fd\uc740 \uc790\uc758 \uc18c\uc0dd\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ube44\uc774\uc131\uc801\uc778 \uac83\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc744 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc131\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c \uc790\uc5f0\uc801 \uc6d0\uc778\ub4e4 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uc790\uae30 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc644\uc131\uc744 \ud5a5\ud558\uc5ec \ub098\uc544\uac04\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \ubcf8\uc131\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc9c4 \ud615\uc0c1\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc815\uc2e0 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc9c4 \ud615\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud589\ub3d9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc740(\uace0\ub4f1\ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4\uacfc \uac19\uc774) \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uc790\uae30 \ubaa9\uc801\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00, \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ubb34\uc2a8 \ubaa9\uc801\ub4e4\uc744 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uac00\ub3c4 \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc774\uc131\uc801 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc778 \uc778\uac04 \ubcf8\uc131\uc740 \uc790\uae30\uac00 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc120(\u5584)\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc644\uc131\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83\ub4e4\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uac00\ub054 \ub354 \ud070 \uc120\ub4e4\uc744 \ud76c\uc0dd\ud558\uace0 \ub354 \ud558\uae09\uc758 \uc120\ub4e4\uc744 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ub9c8\uc74c\uc774\ub098 \uc815\uc2e0 \uc548\uc5d0 \uac04\uc9c1\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uacb0\uad6d \uc790\uae30 \uc644\uc131\uc774\ub098 \ud589\ubcf5\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294\ub370 \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc724\ub9ac\ub355(\uf9d4\u7406\u5fb7)\ub4e4(\uc815\uc758, \uc6a9\uae30, \uac10\uc815\uc758 \uc808\uc81c \ub4f1)\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \ucc38\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc131\ud5a5(\u6027\u5411)\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uad50\uc721\uc73c\ub85c \uc2b5\ub4dd\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc704\uc758 \ub355\ud589\ub4e4\uc740 \uc120\ud589\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c0\uc801\uc778 \ub355\ud589\uc778 \ubd84\ubcc4\ub825(prudentia)\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd84\ubcc4\ub825\uc740 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc2b5\ub4dd\ub41c \ub355\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\uc5c7\uc744 \ud589\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\uace0, \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uac8c \ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc131\ud5a5\uc774\ub2e4. \ub355\ud589\ub860(\u5fb7\u884c\u8ad6)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\ub294 \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ub204\ub9ac\ub3c4\ub85d \ubd88\ub9bc\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\uc640 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc740 \uc774 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc740\ucd1d\uc73c\ub85c, \uc800 \uc138\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc601\uad11 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ub204\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc740\ucd1d\uc774\ub780 \uc77c\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc18c\uc720\ud55c \ubcf8\uc131\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc131\uc0bc\uc704\uc774\uc2e0 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ubcf8\uc131\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubcf8\uc131\uacfc \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub098 \uc774 \ubcf8\uc131\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \uae4a\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubcf8\uc131\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud55c \uc724\ub9ac\ub355\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc740\ucd1d\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac \ubcf8\uc131\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud55c \ub355\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uc73c\ub85c \uc2b5\ub4dd\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \uc2b5\ub4dd\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc9c4(infused) \ub355\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uc2e0\ub355(\u4fe1\u5fb7) \u00b7 \ub9dd\ub355(\u671b\u5fb7) \u00b7 \uc560\ub355(\u611b\u5fb7)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e0\ub355\uc740 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc744 \uc9c0\uc131\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc131\ub839\uc774\uc2e0 \uc0ac\ub791\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \ub098\ub204\ub294 \ub9dd\ub355\uacfc \uc560\ub355\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uac00 \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc8c4\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ud0c0\ub77d \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc8c4\ub97c \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub294 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0dd\uba85\uc744 \ub204\ub9ac\uba70 \ucda9\ub9cc\ud55c \uc778\uac04\uc0ac\ud68c\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc0ac\ub791\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ub355\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud569\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \uc0ac\ub791\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\ub355 \uc5c6\uc774\ub294 \uc560\ub355\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \uc8fc\uc694 \uc800\uc11c\ub85c\ub294 \u226a\uc2e0\ud559\ub300\uc804\u226b(\u795e\u5b78\u5927\u5178, Summa Theologiae), \u226a\ub300\uc774\uad50\ub3c4 \ub300\uc804\u226b(\u5c0d\u7570\u654e\u5f92\u5927\u5178, Summa Contra Gentiles), \u226a\uba85\uc81c\ub860\uc9d1\uc8fc\ud574\u226b(\u547d\u984c\u8ad6\u96c6\u8a3b\u89e3, Scriptum super Libros Sententiarum), \u226a\uc601\ud63c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\u226b(De Anima) \ub4f1\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4. (\u21d2) \ud1a0\ubbf8\uc998 (\u6734\u77f3\u7199)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] M.D. Chenu, Introductions a l’etude de saint Thomas d’Aquin, 1950 \/ F.C. Copleston, Aquinas, 1955, (\uac15\uc131\uc704 \uc5ed, \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4, \ubc14\uc624\ub85c\uc11c\uc6d0, 1968) \/ E. Gilson, The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, 1957 \/ A.C. Kenny, Aquinas; (ed.), Aquinas: A Collection of Critical Essays, 1969 \/ J.A. Weisheipl, Friar Thomas D’Aquino, 1975 \/ G.K. Chesterton, Saint Thomas Aquinas, 1933, (\ubc15\uac11\uc131 \uc5ed, \uc131 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\u8ad6, 1962). <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\uc131\uc778. \uc0ac\uc81c. \uad50\ud68c\ud559\uc790. \ucd95\uc77c\uc740 1\uc6d4 28\uc77c\uc774\ub2e4. 1. \uc0dd\uc560 : \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uc544\ud034\ub098\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \ub85c\uce74\uc138\uce74(Roccasecca) \uc131\uc5d0\uc11c 1224\ub144\ub9d0\uc774\ub098 1225\ub144\ucd08\uc5d0 \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\uace0 \ubd80\uce5c\uc740 \uc544\ud034\ub178\uc758 \ubc31\uc791\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc12f \uc0b4 \ub54c \ubaac\ud14c \uce74\uc2dc\ub178(Monte Cassino)\uc758 \uc131 \ubca0\ub124\ub515\ud1a0 \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \ud559\uc0dd\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uc758 \ud559\ubb38\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1239\ub144 14\uc138\uc5d0 \ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\ub300\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \uc62e\uaca8, 1244\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30