\ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 16\uc138\uae30 \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uae34 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50(\u6539\u65b0\u654e)\ub97c \ucd1d\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 1529\ub144 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc2a4\ud30c\uc774\uc5d0\ub974(Speyer)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\uc778 \uad6d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub8e8\ud130 \ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc120 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \ub3c5\uc77c\uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e4\uc218\ub97c \uc774\ub8ec \ub85c\ub9c8 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c \ud3b8\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218\uacb0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud1b5\uacfc\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uacb0\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc790\uac00 \u2018\ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\u2019(protest)\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \ub9d0\uc774\uba70 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc758 \ub73b\uc740 \u2018\ud56d\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130 \ud3b8\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ud55c \uadf8 \uacb0\uc758\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \ub8e8\ud130\uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\uc9c0 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uc758 \uc608\ubc30\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc608\ubc30\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc774 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uc758 \uba85\uce6d\uc774 \ub41c \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801 \uc5f0\uc720\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc778\ub370, \uc774 \uba85\uce6d\uc774 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\ub294 \ub9d0\ub85c\uc11c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub8e8\ud130 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774\ub098 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac1c\ud601\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\uac00 \uc4f0\uae30 \uc88b\uc544\ud55c \ub9d0\uc740 \u2018assertion\u2019 \uace7 \u2018\ud655\uc5b8\u2019(\u78ba\u8a00) \ub610\ub294 \u2018\ub2e8\uc5b8\u2019(\u65b7\u8a00)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc778\ub370 \uc5d0\ub77c\uc2a4\ubb34\uc2a4(D. Erasmus)\uc640\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub17c\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc37c\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc800\uc11c \u226a\uc790\uc720 \uc758\uc9c0\uc758 \ub178\uc608\uc2e0\uc138\u226b\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc8fc \ub098\uc628\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub8e8\ud130\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c 16\uc138\uae30\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub85c\ub9c8 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uad50\ub9ac\uc640 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uac1c\ud601\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uae30\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774\uac83\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ub760\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uac1c\ud601\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc740 \ub300\ub3d9\uc18c\uc774\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uac00\uc7a5 \ud604\uc800\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b8 \uac83\uc740 \uc131 \ub9cc\ucc2c(\uc131\uccb4\uc131\uc0ac)\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ub8e8\ud130\uc758 \uc18c\uc704 \uacf5\uccb4\ub860(\u5171\u9ad4\u8ad6, con-substantiation)\uacfc \uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4\uc758 \uce20\ube48\uae00\ub9ac(H. Zwingli)\uc758 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uae30\ub150\ub860 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \ub17c\uc7c1\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uce7c\ube48(J. Calvin)\uc758 \uc911\ub3c4\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc774 \uc591\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc758 \uc811\uadfc\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud588\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc8fc\ub958\ud30c \uac1c\ud601\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud1b5\ub41c \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\uc774 \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc544\ub798\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uac04\ucd94\ub824 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc131 \uc804\ub840(\uc131\uc0ac)\ub294 \uc131 \ub9cc\ucc2c\uacfc \uc138\ub840(\uc131\uc138) \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \uc904\uc774\uba70, \uacac\uc9c4\uc131\uc0ac\ub294 \uc138\ub840\uc758\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uba70, \uc885\uc804\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\ubc95\uc744 \ud3d0\uae30\ud558\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc911\uc2ec\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc790\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4\uc758 \ubaa8\uc784\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ub9cc\uc778\uc0ac\uc81c(\u6eff\u4eba\u53f8\u796d)(1\ubca0\ub4dc 2:9)\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc785\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa9\uc0ac(\uc2e0\ubd80)\uc640 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \ubc0f \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uacc4\uce35 \ucc28\uc774\ub97c \ub450\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \uc2e0\ub3c4 \ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uc774 \uac1c\uccb4 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc790\uce58\uc640 \uc790\uae09\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc11c\uc11c \uc6b4\uc601\ud574 \uac00\uba70, \uad50\ud68c\uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc804\ud1b5\uacfc \uc120\ud638\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac10\ub3c5\uc81c\ub3c4\ub098 \uc7a5\ub85c\uc81c\ub3c4\ub098 \ud68c\uc911\uc81c\ub3c4(\u6703\u8846\u5236\u5ea6)\ub97c \ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ud611\ub825\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub418 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uacfc \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc1b\uac8c \ud558\uba70, \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc640 \uacf5\ub85c\uc758 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc608\uc218 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc18d\uc8c4\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc744 \ubbff\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc758\ub86d\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uad50\ub9ac(\ub85c\ub9c8 1:17)\uc774\uba70, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc11c\uc758 \ud558\ub290\ub2d8 \ub9d0\uc500\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\ub97c \uad50\ud68c\ub098 \uc804\ud1b5\uc774\ub098 \ud68c\uc758(\u6703\u8b70)\uc758 \uad8c\uc704 \uc704\uc5d0 \ub450\uac8c \ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc11c\uc8fc\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc131\uc11c \ucc45\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \uc131\uc11c\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc131\uc11c\uc801\uc778 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc7ac\ud604\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc740 \ucd08\ub300 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\ud604\uc744 \uc77c\uc0bc\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc740 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \ub192\uc774\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uc11c\uc758 \ubc29\uc5ed(\u90a6\u8b6f)\uc744 \uc7a5\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ub204\uad6c\uc5d0\uac8c\ub098 \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \uc77d\uace0 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uba70 \uac00\ub974\uce58\ub294 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \uac01\uc790\uac00 \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ud558\ub290\ub2d8\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc744 \ub4e3\uace0 \uc751\ub2f5\ud558\uc5ec \ubbff\uace0 \uc0b4\uc544\uac00\ub294 \ud6c8\ub828\uc744 \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uac01\uc790\uac00 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud574 \uac14\uc73c\uba70, \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc2e0\ubd80\uc640 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc758\uc874\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \uc904\uc5b4\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uac74\ud55c \ub178\ub825\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc131\ub839\uacfc \uc740\ud61c\uc640 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc790\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc775\ud600 \uac14\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc740 \uac1c\uc778\uc8fc\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3c9\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc2e0\uc559\ub3d9\uc9c0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacb0\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uad50\ud30c\uc758 \ud615\uc131\ub3c4 \uc6a9\uc774\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ub610 \uae30\uc874 \uad50\ud30c\uc758 \ubd84\uc5f4\ub3c4 \uc7a6\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
16\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uae34 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc8fc\ub958\ub85c\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc758 \ub8e8\ud130\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4\uc758 \uce20\ube48\uae00\ub9ac\uc640 \uce7c\ube48\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \ud1b5\ud569\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c \ud0c4\uc0dd\ud55c \uac1c\ud601\uad50\ud68c(Reformed Church)\uc640 \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \ub450 \uad50\ud68c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc77c\uc0bc\uc740 \uc790\uc720\uad50\ud68c(Free Church)\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \ubd84\ud30c\ub4e4(\uc7ac\uc138\ub840\ud30c \u00b7 \uba54\ub178\ub098\uc774\ud2b8\ud30c)\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc790\uc720\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc740 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uc758\uc2dd\uacfc \uad50\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uacfc\uac10\ud558\uac8c \ud0c8\ud53c\ud558\uace0, \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ubd84\ub9ac\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70, \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uc2e0\uc559\ub3d9\uc9c0\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\uc0ac\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud55c \uc810\uc774\ub2e4. \ud6c4\ub300\uc5d0 \uc774\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc18c\uc885\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d \ub4f1\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc5ec\ub7ff\uc774 \uc0dd\uacbc\uace0 \ub8e8\ud130\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uce7c\ube48\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc774 \uc790\uc720\uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ubc15\ud574\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub8e8\ud130\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c \ub3c5\uc77c\uacfc \uc720\ub7fd \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\ub85c \ud3b4\uc838\uac14\uace0, \uac1c\ud601\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc2a4\uc704\uc2a4\ub97c \uae30\uc810\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ub3c5\uc77c \u00b7 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \u00b7 \uc601\uad6d \u00b7 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc \u00b7 \ubca8\uae30\uc5d0 \u00b7 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ud37c\uc838 \uac14\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud5e8\ub9ac 8\uc138\uac00 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uace0\uc218\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc5d0\ub4dc\uc6cc\ub4dc 16\uc138\uac00 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc600\ub2e4\uac00 \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uba54\uc5b4\ub9ac \uc5ec\uc655\uc774 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc2e0\uc559\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf5\uadc0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ub2e4\uc74c\uc758 \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc790\ubca0\ub4dc 1\uc138\uac00 \uc624\ub298\uc758 \uc601\uad6d\uad6d\uad50\uc778 \uc575\uae00\ub9ac\ucee8\uad50\ud68c(Anglicanism, \uc131\uacf5\ud68c)\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc774 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uc758\uc2dd\uc740 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubc29\ubd88\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2e0\ud559\uacfc \uc2e0\uc870\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc5d0 \ubc29\ubd88\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\ub3c4\uc801\uc778 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 1560\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uce7c\ube48\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uacfc \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf8\ub72c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uad6d\uad50\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8\uc998 \uad50\ud68c \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd84\ud30c\uc791\uc6a9\uc774 \ub9ce\uc558\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uce7c\ube48\uc8fc\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc790\ubca0\ub4dc 1\uc138\uac00 \uc601\uad6d \uad6d\uad50\ub97c \ud655\ub9bd\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \uc774 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \ub354 \uc9c4\uc804\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824 \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uce7c\ube48\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 1652\ub144\uc5d0 \uc640\uc11c\ub294 \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc838\uc11c \uc7a5\ub85c\ud30c \u00b7 \uce68\ub840\ud30c \u00b7 \uac10\ub3c5\ud30c \u00b7 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud30c \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\uc5f4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4(\u6df8\u654e\u5f92)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub838\ub358 \uae4c\ub2ed\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc99d\uc9c4\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc11c \ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \uac04\uc18c\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\ub824\uace0 \ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc790\ubca0\ub4dc 1\uc138\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99 \u00b7 \uc5b5\uc555\ud558\uc600\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ud68c\uc911\uad50\ud68c \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \ub124\ub35c\ub780\ub4dc\ub85c, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 1620\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbf8\uad6d \uc2e0\ub300\ub959 \ub3d9\ubd80\uc9c0\ubc29\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc8fc\ud558\uc5ec \uac14\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18d\uc18d \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c \uac74\ub108\uac00\uc11c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \ub300\ub959\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ud30c \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc601\uad6d \uad6d\uad50\ub97c \ubb3c\ub9ac\uce58\ub294 \uccad\uad50\ub3c4\ud601\uba85\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec 1641\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d\uc744 \uc138\uc6cc\uc11c 20\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc601\uad6d\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 1660\ub144 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc655\uc815 \ubcf5\uad6c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uc601\uad6d \uad6d\uad50\ub85c\uc11c \uc885\ub798\uc758 \uc575\uae00\ub9ac\ucee4\ub2c8\uc998\uc774 \ubcf5\uad6c\ub418\uc5b4\uc11c \uc624\ub298\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
18\uc138\uae30 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc2e0\ud559\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \ubc0f \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc774 \uadf9\uc2ec\ud574 \uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub9ce\uc740 \uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0dd\uae30\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \uae09\uaca9\ud788 \uc99d\uc9c4\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc138\uacc4 \uc120\uad50\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ubbf8\uad6d \u00b7 \uc601\uad6d \ubc0f \uc720\ub7fd \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc120\uad50\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ud655\uc0b0\uc2dc\ud0a4\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc804\ud30c\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc654\ub294\ub370 \uc774 \uacbd\ub85c\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub9cc\uc8fc(\u6eff\u6d32) \ub3d9\ubd81\uc9c0\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uad50\ud558\ub358 \uc2a4\ucf54\ud2c0\ub79c\ub4dc \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \ub85c\uc2a4(John Ross)\uc758 \uc804\ub3c4\ub85c \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub85c \uac1c\uc885\ud55c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc11c\uc0c1\ub95c(\u5f90\u76f8\u5d19)\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\ub4e4 \uc218\uba85\uc774 \ub85c\uc2a4\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc131\uc11c\ubc88\uc5ed\uacfc \ucd9c\ud310\uc5d0 \ud611\ub825\ud558\uc5ec \ub9c8\ub974\ucf54\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc11c\uc640 \ub8e8\uac00\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc11c\ub97c 1882\ub144\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc694\ud55c\uc758 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc11c\ub97c \uc774 \uc774\ub4ec\ud574\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c \uac04\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc11c\uc0c1\ub95c\uc740 \uadf8 \ubcf5\uc74c\uc11c\ub4e4\uc744 \ubab0\ub798 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5ec\uc640\uc11c \uadf8\uc758 \uace0\ud5a5 \ud669\ud574\ub3c4 \uc194\ub0b4[\u677e\u5ddd, \u4e5d\u7f8e\u5cf6]\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc30\ud3ec, \uc804\ub3c4\ud558\uc5ec 1884\ub144 11\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc774\uacf3\uc5d0 \ud55c\uad6d \ucd5c\ucd08\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub2f9\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ud574 9\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\uc778 \uc54c\ub80c(H.N. Allen)\uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc640\uc11c \uc758\ub8cc\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uacc4\ud68d\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \uc655\uc2e4\uc758 \ud638\uc758\ub97c \uc5bb\uc5b4 1885\ub144 4\uc6d4 10\uc77c\uc5d0 \uad11\ud61c\uc6d0(\u5ee3\u60e0\u9662)\uc744 \uac1c\uc6d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d\uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ubd80\uc758 \uc815\uc2dd \ud30c\uc1a1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \uc5b8\ub354\uc6b0\ub4dc(H.G. Underwood) \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \ubbf8\uad6d \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\uc758 \uc815\uc2dd \ud30c\uc1a1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac \uc544\ud39c\uc824\ub7ec(H.G. Appenzeller) \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\uc778\uc774 1885\ub144 4\uc6d4 5\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc778\ucc9c\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub959\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4 \ub450 \uad50\ud30c\uc758 \ub0a8\ub140 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc18d\uc18d \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
1901\ub144\uc5d0 4\uac1c\uc758 \uc8fc\ud55c \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc5f0\ud569\uae30\uad6c\uc778 \uc120\uad50\uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uac00 \uc870\uc9c1\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc989 \ubbf8\uad6d \ubd81\uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud68c, \ubbf8\uad6d \ub0a8\uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud68c, \ud638\uc8fc \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud68c, \uce90\ub098\ub2e4 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ub97c \uc138\uc6b8 \uac83\uc744 \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uace0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud611\ub825\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, 1905\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uacfc \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\uc758 \ub450 \uc120\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc120\uad50\ud611\uc758\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uc5ec \ucd08\uad50\ud30c\uc801\uc778 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uad50\ud30c\ub85c\ub294 \uc131\uacb0\uad50 \u00b7 \uc548\uc2dd\uad50 \u00b7 \uce68\ub840\uad50\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uac01\uac01 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud65c\uc57d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\uc640 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\uc758 \uc120\uad50\ud611\uc758\ud68c\ub294 \uc5f0\ud569\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub300\ud55c\uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc11c\ud68c(1890\ub144), \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ud68c(1896\ub144), \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uccad\ub144\ud68c(1903\ub144), \uc5ec\uae30\ub3c5\uccad\ub144\ud68c \ub4f1\uc744 \uc124\ub9bd\ud558\uc5ec \uc120\uad50\uc640 \uacc4\ubabd \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uc560\uad6d\uc2ec\uc744 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\uc5ec \uad6c\ud55c\uad6d \ud669\uc81c\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc560\uad6d\uc2ec\uc744 \ud6c4\uc6d0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1896\ub144 \uace0\uc885\ud669\uc81c\uc758 \uc0dd\uc2e0\ucd95\ud558 \uc608\ubc30\ub97c \ub300\ud55c\uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc11c\ud68c\uc758 \ud6c4\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub4dc\ub838\uc744 \ub54c \ud558\uac1d\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b4\uc9d1\ud55c \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc601\uad6d \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uac00\uc0ac\ub97c \ubcf8\ub72c \ucc2c\uc1a1\uac00\ub97c \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc11c \ud669\uc81c\uc758 \ub9cc\uc218\ubb34\uac15\uc744 \ub178\ub798\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc120\uad50\uc5d0 \ub3c4\uc6c0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d \uce68\ub7b5\uc774 \uc810\uc810 \ub178\uace8\ud654\ud574 \uac14\uc744 \ub54c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc6b0\uad6d\uc9c0\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\ub85c \uac1c\uc885\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub610\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uad6c\ud55c\ub9d0\uc5d0 \uac1c\ud654\uc640 \ud601\uc2e0\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c \uc9c4\ubcf4\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud6c4\uc6d0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uac1c\uc885\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\ub825\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. 1894\ub144 \uac11\uc624\uacbd\uc7a5 \uc774\ud6c4\ub85c \ubc15\ud574\ub97c \ubc1b\ub358 \uac1c\ud654\ud30c \uc778\uc0ac\ub4e4 \uc911\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc625\ub41c \uba85\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \uac1c\uc885\uc2dc\ucf1c\uc11c \uc774\uc0c1\uc7ac(\uf9e1\u5546\u5728) \u00b7 \uc774\uc2b9\ub9cc(\uf9e1\u627f\u6669) \u00b7 \uae40\ub3d9\uc2dd(\uf90a\u6771\u690d) \ub4f1 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc721\uc131\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc120\uad50\ucd08\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc120\uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc740 \ubc30\uc7ac\ud559\ub2f9 \u00b7 \uc774\ud654\ud559\ub2f9\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uc11c\uc6b8 \u00b7 \ud3c9\uc591 \u00b7 \ub300\uad6c \u00b7 \ubd80\uc0b0 \u00b7 \uc6d0\uc0b0 \u00b7 \uc804\uc8fc \ub4f1\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ud559\uad50\ub4e4\uc744 \uc138\uc6cc\uc11c \ud604\ub300\uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ub610 \uc2dc\uace8\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc\uac04\uacfc \uc57c\uac04 \ud559\uad50\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \ud55c\uae00\uacfc \uc0dd\ud65c\uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ubc16\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud55c\uad6d \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ubcf4\ud0ec\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uacfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d \uadfc\ub300\ud654\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc758 \ucc38\uc5ec\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ud601\uc2e0\ud30c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ubbfc\uc911\ub4e4\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub97c \uac1c\uc885\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ub370 \ud070 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub97c \uc5bb\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uc640 \uc815\ucc45\uc774 \uae09\ubcc0\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uad6c\ud55c\uad6d \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc790\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uad6d\uad8c\uc218\ud638\uac00 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uac00\uace0 \uc77c\ubcf8 \uc138\ub825\uc774 \uccad\uad6d\uacfc \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc758 \uc138\ub825\uc744 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd95\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uc131\uacf5\ud55c \ud6c4\ub85c \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub0b4\uc815\uac04\uc12d\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud574 \uac14\uc744 \ub54c \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc11c\uc591\uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc77c\ubcf8\uc758 \ub300 \ud55c\uad6d\uc815\ucc45\uc744 \ubb35\uc778\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc2dc\uc778\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ud55c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uacfc \uc8fc\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\uc815\uc2ec\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc5fc\ub824\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\uad6d\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ub300 \ud55c\uad6d\uc815\ucc45\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \ud560 \ub54c \uc0dd\uae38 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ucda9\ub3cc\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098\uce5c \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc815\uce58\uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c8 \ub54c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc815\uce58\uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \ub418\uac70\ub098 \uc77c\ubcf8 \ucd1d\ub3c5\uc815\uce58\uc758 \ubb34\uc790\ube44\ud55c \ud0c4\uc555\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uba74 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \uc0ac\uba85\uc774 \uc2e4\ud328\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uac08\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub978\ub2e4\ub294 \uc5fc\ub824\uc600\ub2e4. \uc694\ucee8\ub300 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc774 \ub09c\ucc98\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec 1901\ub144 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc120\uad50\uacf5\uc758\ud68c\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uacfc \ubaa9\uc0ac\uac00 \uc815\uce58\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \uc190\uc744 \ub5c4 \uac83\uacfc \uad50\ud68c\ub2f9\uacfc \ubaa9\uc0ac\uad00\uc774 \uc815\uce58\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc758 \uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uae08\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc120\uad50 \ucd08\uae30\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc815\uce58\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb3c\ub7ec\uc11c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc8fc\ub85c \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc815\uce58\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub098\uc654\ub358 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\ub294 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc838 \ub098\uac04 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\ub294 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ubbf8\uc6cc\ud558\uc5ec \ud3ed\ud589\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc138\uc6b4 \ud559\uad50\uc640 \uae30\ub3c5\uccad\ub144\ud68c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubbfc\uc871\uc8fc\uc758 \uc815\uc2e0\uacfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc774 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub098 \uc0b4\uc544 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc77c\ubcf8\uad00\ud5cc\uc758 \uac10\uc2dc\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d \ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud56d\uc77c\uc815\uc2e0\uacfc \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d \uadfc\ub300\uc0ac\ub97c \ud654\ub824\ud558\uac8c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. 1911\ub144\uc5d0 \ub0a0\uc870\ub41c \uc77c\ubcf8\ucd1d\ub3c5 \ub370\ub77c\uc6b0\ucc0c(\u5bfa\u5167\u6b63\u6bc5) \uc554\uc0b4\uc74c\ubaa8\uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \uc0ac\ub78c 105\uc778 \uc911\uc5d0 80\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \uae30\ubbf8\ub144 3.1\ub3c5\ub9bd\uc6b4\ub3d9, \ub54c 33\uc778 \ubbfc\uc871\ub300\ud45c \uc911\uc5d0 16\uba85\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \uc7a5\ub85c\uc640 \uc9d1\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc774\ub04c\uace0 \uac04 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \ud568\ud0dc\uc601(\u54b8\u53f0\u6c38), \uc774\uac11\uc131(\uf9e1\u7532\u6210) \ub4f1 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub610 \uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub9cc\uc138\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ud0c4 \uc218\uc6d0 \uc81c\uc554\ub9ac\uad50\ud68c \uc0ac\uac74\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uac00\uc7a5 \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \ub9ce\uc774 \uc785\uc740 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub9cc\uc138\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uacc4\uae30\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc704\uc2e0\uacfc \uad8c\uc704\uac00 \ub4dc\ub192\uc544\uc9c0\uba74\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uac1c\uc885\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc218\uac00 \uae09\uc99d\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc11c\uc801\ub4e4\uc758 \ud310\ub9e4\uc2e4\uc801\ub3c4 \uae09\uc99d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc815\ucc45\uc740 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ucc44\uc6a9\ud55c \ub124\ube44\uc6b0\uc2a4(Nevius)\uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ud68c\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \ucc44\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc790\uc804(\u81ea\u50b3)\uacfc \uc790\uce58(\u81ea\u6cbb)\uc640 \uc790\uae09(\u81ea\u7d66)\uacfc \uc790\uae30\ud45c\ud604(\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u73fe)\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc804\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uad50\uc778 \uac01\uc790\uac00 \uc790\uae30 \uc0dd\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ubb34\ubcf4\uc218\ub85c \uc774\uc6c3\uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf5\uc74c\uc744 \uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774\ub2e4. \uc120\uad50 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc758 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc801\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d\ub9d0\ub3c4 \uc11c\ud22c\ub974\uace0 \ub610 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uc11c \uad50\uc721\ubc1b\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub3c4 \uadf9\uc18c\uc218\uc600\ub358 \ub54c\uc778 \ub9cc\ud07c \uc774 \uc790\uc804 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774 \uc804\ub3c4\uc758 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uce58\uc6d0\uce59\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\uc778\uc758 \ud798\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uc6cc\uc11c \uc6b4\uc601\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud55c\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc601\uc704\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \uac1c\uccb4\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc120\uad50 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \ud798\uc5d0 \uc54c\ub9de\uac8c \ucc29\uc2e4\ud558\uac8c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uae09\uc6d0\uce59\uc740 \uc678\uad6d\uc120\uad50\ube44\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac1c\uccb4\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc790\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub3c4\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0dd\ud65c\ube44\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uac00\ub09c\ud588\ub358 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc804\ub3c4\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c8\uacfc \uc2dd\ub7c9\uacfc \ud654\ubaa9\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uae30\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\ub825\uc758 \ud55c\ub3c4 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uae09\ud574 \uac14\uc73c\uba70, \uc804\ub3c4\uc778\ub3c4 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc815\ub3c4 \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc790\uae30\ud45c\ud604 \uc6d0\uce59\uc740 \uad50\ud68c\ub2f9\uc744 \ud55c\uad6d \uac74\ucd95\uae30\uc220\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud55c\uad6d\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uc138\uc6b0\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub124\ube44\uc6b0\uc2a4 \uc120\uad50\uc6d0\uce59\uc740 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc218\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ub610 \uadf8 \ud6c4 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc774 \uc120\uad50\uc6d0\uce59\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud1a0\ucc29\ud654\uc640 \uc790\uc8fc\uc131\uc744 \ud0a4\uc6cc\uc8fc\uba74\uc11c \uc131\uacf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c \uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e9\ud558\uac8c \ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc591\uc801 \ubc0f \uc9c8\uc801 \uc131\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc774\ubc14\uc9c0\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ubd80\uc640 \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc120\uad50 \ucd08\uae30\ubd80\ud130 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ubd80\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc138\uc6e0\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ubd80\ubc18\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc120\uc0dd\uc740 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub098 \ubcf8\ud1a0\ubbfc \uc120\uc0dd\uc758 \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ubd80\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac00\uc11c \ubc30\uc6cc \uc654\ub2e4. \ub610 \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\uae30\uac04\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ubd80\uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \ub9c8\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ucc38\uc11d\uc790 \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \uac00\ub974\ucce4\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uac01\ub3c4\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc131\uc11c\ud559\uad50\ub97c \uc138\uc6cc\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud30c\uacac\ub41c \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc131\uc11c\ub97c \uac00\ub974\uccd0\uc11c \ub3cc\ub824\ubcf4\ub0c8\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub3cc\uc544\uac00\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc131\uc11c\uc120\uc0dd\uc774 \ub418\uace4 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\ub294 1903\ub144 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6d0\uc0b0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2ec\ub839\uc758 \ubd80\ud765\uc744 \uae30\ub3c4\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc88\uc838\uac10\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 1907\ub144 \ud3c9\uc591\uc5d0\uc11c \ud070 \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\ub97c \uc5f4\uc5c8\uc744 \ub54c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70 \uadf8 \ud6c4\ub85c \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\ub97c \uc804\uad6d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uac1c\ud558\uc5ec \ub9ce\uc740 \uac1c\uc885\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc740 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \ub9e4\ub144 \ud55c \ub450 \ubc88\uc758 \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\ub97c \uac00\uc84c\uc73c\uba70 \uc774 \uc9d1\ud68c\ub97c \u2018\uc0ac\uacbd\ud68c\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub838\ub294\ub370 \uc131\uc11c\uacf5\ubd80\ud558\ub294 \uc9d1\ud68c\ub77c\ub294 \ub73b\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc804\ub3c4\uc124\uad50 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \ub9e4\uc77c \uc800\ub141\uc5d0 \ud55c \ubc88 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \ubb3c\ub860\uc774\uace0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad50\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd08\uad50\ud30c\uc801 \uce5c\uad50\uc640 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\uace0, \uc77c\uc81c\uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d\uc778\uc758 \uce5c\ubaa9\uacfc \ub2e8\uacb0\uacfc \ubbfc\uc871\uc758\uc2dd\uc744 \uc77c\uae68\uc6cc \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc815\uc11c\ub97c \ud0a4\uc6cc\uc8fc\uba70 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8\uacfc \uc131\uc7a5\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uac01\uc790\uac00 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub178\ub825\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \ubd80\ud765\uc0ac\uc640 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ucd94\uc885\uc790\uac00 \ud0c8\uc120\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uc724\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uacfc\uc624\ub97c \ubc94\ud55c \uc77c\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud070 \ud0c0\uaca9\uc740 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc77c\uc81c\ub9d0\uae30\uc5d0 \ucd1d\ub3c5\ubd80\ub294 \uc18c\uc704 \u2018\ub0b4\uc120\uc77c\uccb4\u2019(\u5167\u9bae\u4e00\u9ad4) \uc815\ucc45\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uc0ac\ucc38\ubc30(\u795e\u793e\u53c3\u62dc)\ub97c \ud55c\uad6d\uc778 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac15\uc694\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac15\uc694\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uace0 \ub098\uc654\ub2e4. 1938\ub144 \ud3c9\uc591\uc758 \uc7a5\ub85c\ud68c\uc2e0\ud559\uad50 \u00b7 \uc22d\uc2e4\uc804\ubb38\ud559\uad50 \u00b7 \uc911\uace0\ub4f1\ud559\uad50\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd88\ubcf5\uc744 \uc120\uc5b8\ud558\uace0 \ud3d0\uad50\ub97c \ub2f9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9c0\ubc29\uc758 \ub178\ud68c\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ubc18\ub300\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud3b4\ub294 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc640 \uc7a5\ub85c\ub4e4\uacfc \uc77c\ubc18\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc774 \uac15\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub04c\ub824\uac00\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \ub354\ub7ec\ub294 \ud22c\uc625\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubcf8\uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc2e0\uc0ac\ucc38\ubc30\ub97c \uad6d\uac00\uc758\uc2dd\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc124\ub4dd\ud558\ub824 \ud588\uc73c\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc6b0\uc0c1\uc22d\ubc30\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc77c\ubcf8\uacbd\ucc30\uc758 \uac10\uc2dc\uc640 \uac15\uc694\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucd1d\ud68c\ub97c \uc5f4\uace0 \ube44\ubc95\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uc0ac\ucc38\ubc30\ub97c \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uac1c\uccb4\uad50\ud68c\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc885\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uc131\uacb0\uad50\ud68c \u00b7 \uc548\uc2dd\uad50\ud68c \u00b7 \uad6c\uc138\uad70\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\ud68c\ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc544 \ubc84\ub9ac\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud558\uc5ec \uc800\ud56d\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uae30\ucca0(\u6731\u57fa\u5fb9) \ubaa9\uc0ac\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc0ac\ucc38\ubc30 \ubc18\ub300\uc790 50\uc5ec \uba85\uc774 \uc21c\uad50\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad11\ubcf5 \ud6c4\uc758 \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc815\uc740 \uadf8 \uc804\uacfc\ub294 \ub9ce\uc774 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc84c\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8 \uc77c\uc81c\ub9d0\uae30\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc0ac\ucc38\ubc30 \uc8fc\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uce5c\uc77c\uc801\uc778 \uc138\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\ub300\ud30c \uc138\ub825\uc774 \uad50\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub258\uc6b0\uce68\uacfc \ud654\ubaa9\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c \uad6c\uc138\ub825\ub3c4 \ub73b\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50 \ubc0f \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ub294 \uac01\uac01 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ubd84\uc5f4\uacfc \ub17c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ud718\ub9d0\ub838\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\uc81c\ub9d0\uae30 \uc2e0\uc0ac\ucc38\ubc30 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ubcf5\uc5ed\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 \ucd9c\uc625\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uaddc\ud569\uc138\ub825\uc774 \uc624\ub79c \ubd84\uc7c1 \ub05d\uc5d0 \ubd84\uc5f4\ub418\uc5b4 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uad50\ub2e8\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ub294 \uc2e0\uad6c \ub450 \uc138\ub825 \uc0ac\uc774\uac00 \uad50\uad8c\uc7a5\uc545 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uac08\ub77c\uc84c\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc740 \ud574\ubc29 \uc804\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \ub2e8\uc77c\uad50\ub2e8\uc758 \uc77c\uce58\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc18d\ub41c \uc2e0\ud559\ub17c\uc7c1\uacfc \uad50\uad8c\ubd84\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c 1960\ub144 \uc804\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uac70\uc758 \uc591\ubd84(\uf978\u5206)\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ub2e8\ub9cc\uc774 \uc77c\uce58\ub97c \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubd84\uc5f4\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc2ec\ud55c \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac 40\uc5ec \uc18c\uad50\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub258\uc5b4\uc838\uc11c \uac01\uae30 \uc2e0\ud559\uad50\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \ubaa9\uc0ac\uc591\uc131\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uadf8 \ubd84\uc5f4\uc99d\uc740 \uc790\ubabb \uc2ec\uac01\ud558\ub2e4. \uac8c\ub2e4\uac00 \ud574\ubc29 \ud6c4 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc628 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uc18c\uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\uacc4\uc758 \uce5c\uc120\uacfc \uc77c\uce58\ub97c \ub354 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc120\uad50\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc758 \ubd84\ub2f4\ud611\uc815\uc740 \uae68\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d\uc804\uc7c1\uc744 \uacc4\uae30\ub85c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \uc2e0\uc559\ubd80\ud765\uc6b4\ub3d9\ub4e4\uc740 \uad11\ubcf5 \uc804\uc758 \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \uc131\uaca9\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \ucef8\ub2e4. \ubc15\ud0dc\uc120(\u6734\u6cf0\u5584)\uc758 \uc885\ub9d0\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc744 \uae30\uc870\ub85c \ud55c \ubd80\ud765\uc6b4\ub3d9\uacfc \ub098\uc6b4\ubabd(\uf90f\u96f2\u5922)\uc758 \uc2ec\ub839\ubd80\ud765\uacfc \uc131\ub839\uac15\uc870\ub97c \uae30\uc870\ub85c \ud55c \ubd80\ud765\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f4\uad11\uc8fc\uc758\ub85c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uac14\uc73c\uba70, \uce58\ubcd1, \ubc29\uc5b8, \ud658\uc0c1\ubcf4\uae30 \ub4f1\uc758 \uae30\uc801\uc801\uc778 \ud798\uacfc \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubc18\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc2ec\ucde8\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\uc758 \ube48\ub3c4\ub294 \ud06c\uac8c \ub298\uc5b4\ub098\uc11c \ub2ec\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uac16\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc544\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \ud3c9\uc18c\uc758 \uad50\ud68c\uc9d1\ud68c\ub97c \ubd80\ud765\uc0ac\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \ubaa9\uc0ac\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9d1\ud68c\ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc591\uc801 \uc131\uc7a5\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ucc45\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ub9ce\uc544\uc84c\ub2e4. \uad50\ud30c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uad50\uc138\uc758 2\ubc30 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud655\uc7a5\uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc138\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc774 \ubd80\ud765\uc9d1\ud68c\uc801\uc778 \ubaa9\ud68c\ubc29\ubc95\uc758 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc744 \ud569\ub9ac\ud654\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc218\ub828\uc740 \uc218\ub9ce\uc740 \uae30\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc2dc\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c \uc218\uc758 \uc99d\uac00\uc640 \uc2e0\ub3c4\uc218\uc758 \uae09\uc99d\uc774 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9d1\ud68c\uc640 \ubaa9\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud798\uc785\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uace0\ub294 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uc0dd\ud65c\uc758 \uc9c8\uc801 \uc800\ud558\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uace0 \uac1c\uad50\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc801 \uc804\ub3c4\uc640 \uc120\uad50\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uad11\ubcf5 \uc9c1\ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc678\uad6d\uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4 \ubc0f \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa8\uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\uc874\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098\ub294 \uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc11c\uc11c\ud788 \ud3b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc120\uad50\ube44\uc640 \uc2e0\ud559\uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \uad50\uad8c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ubcf8\ud1a0\ubbfc \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc704\uc2e0\uc744 \uc138\uc6b0\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uad50\ud30c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2e4\ub974\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud55c\uad6d\uc804\uc7c1\uc758 \ud53c\ud574\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc790\ub825\uc801 \uc7ac\uac74\uc774 \uc2e4\ud604\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub54c\ubd80\ud130\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c\ub294 \uac70\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad50\ud30c\ub4e4\uc774 \uad50\ub2e8\uc6b4\uc601\uacfc \uc2e0\ud559\uad50\uc721\uacfc \uc120\uad50\uc815\ucc45 \uc218\ub9bd\uc744 \uc790\uc8fc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \ud611\ub3d9\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc77c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uac00\uc838\uc624\ub294 \uc120\uad50\ube44\ub294 \uad50\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub9e1\uaca8\uc11c \ubcf8\ud1a0\ubbfc \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \ud569\uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc77c\uce58 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc740 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc678\uad6d\uc120\uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838 \uc640\uc11c \uacbd\uc7c1\uc801\uc778 \uc120\uad50\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1924\ub144 \uad6d\uc81c\uc120\uad50\ud611\uc758\ud68c(I.M.C.)\uc758 \uac00\uba85\uad50\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc120\uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc5f0\ud569\ud68c\ub97c \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\uc5ec \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \ud611\ub825\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc77c\uc81c\ub9d0\uae30 \uc77c\ubcf8\uad00\ud5cc\uc758 \uc555\ub825\uc73c\ub85c 1938\ub144 7\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ud574\uccb4\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uac00 1946\ub144\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uac74\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. 1948\ub144 \uc138\uacc4\uad50\ud68c\ud611\uc758\ud68c(W.C.C.) \ucc3d\ub9bd\ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc7a5\ub85c\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uac10\ub9ac\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uac00\uba85\uad50\ud68c\ub85c\uc11c \ucc38\uc11d\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc624\ub298\ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud55c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\ud611\uc758\ud68c(N.C.C.K.)\uc758 \uac00\uba85 7\uac1c \uad50\ub2e8\uacfc \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uae30\uad00\ub4e4\uc774 \uc77c\uce58\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \ud3b4\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc774 \uad50\ud68c\ud611\uc758\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub450 \ubc29\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uacaa\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, 1970\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uc778\uad8c\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc815\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ud55c\uad6d N.C.C.\uac00 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \ud6c4\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \uae30\ub3c5\ud559\uc0dd\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0ac\ud68c\ucc38\uc5ec\ub85c \uace0\ub09c\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uacfc \ubaa9\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc815\ubd80\uc640 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ub9ce\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 N.C.C.\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uad8c\uacfc \uc815\uc758\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\ub3c4\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uad50\uacc4\uc758 \uc77c\uac01\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc744 \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c N.C.C.\uc758 \ud68c\uc6d0\uad50\ub2e8\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uad50\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc16\uc5d0\uc11c N.C.C.\uc758 \uc815\ucc45\uacfc \ub178\uc120\uc744 \uc2e0\ub784\ud558\uac8c \ube44\ud310\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc815\ucc45\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc218\uc801\uc778 \uad50\ub2e8\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\ud310\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 W.C.C.\uc640 N.C.C.\ub97c \uc6a9\uacf5(\u5bb9\u5171)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ube44\ub09c\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad50\uacc4\uc758 \ucda9\ub3cc\uacfc \ud63c\uc120\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\uccb4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc0c1\ud669\uc758 \ud55c \ub2e8\uba74\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\ud2bc \ud55c\uad6d N.C.C.\ub294 \ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ub300\ubcc0\uc790\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c N.C.C.\uc758 \ud68c\uc6d0\uad50\ub2e8\uc218\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc218\uc758 \uad50\ub2e8\uc758 \ube44\uacf5\uc2dd \ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc640\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d \uad50\ud68c\uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ud611\uc758\ud68c\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uad6c\uc131\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ubb34\ud2bc \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc57d\uc810\uc740 \uc77c\uce58\uc758 \uacb0\uc5ec\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\uad6d \ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2b8 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \uc57d\uc810\uacfc \uc2dc\ud589\ucc29\uc624\ub97c \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud604\uc7ac 2\ub9cc 5,000\uc5ec \uad50\ud68c\uc640 800\ub9cc\uc758 \uc2e0\ub3c4\ub97c \uac70\ub290\ub9ac\uba74\uc11c \ud5e4\uc544\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc0b0\ud558 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uae30\uad00\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc120\uad50\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0ac\uc5c5\uacfc \uad50\uc721\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud3b4\ub294 \ud55c\ud3b8, \ud574\uc678 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ub098\ub77c\uc5d0 \uc120\uad50\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc744 \ud30c\uc1a1\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub97c \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uc798 \uaddc\ud569\ud558\uace0 \ubc14\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\ub3c4\ub825\uc774 \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uba74 \ub354 \ud06c\uac8c \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \ubc88\uc601\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. (\uf9e1\u7ae0\u690d)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchenausschuss, Die Bekenntnisschriften der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche B.\u2161, 1930 \/ E.F.K. Muller, Die Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche, 1903 \/ G. Schenkel, Der Protestantismus der Gegenwart, 1926 \/ V. Ferm, The American church of the Protestant Heritage, New York 1953 \/ P. Tillich, Protestantismus als Kritik und Gestaltung, 1929 \/ O. Dibelius, Das Jahrhundert der Kirche, 1929. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud0c4\ud2f0\uc998\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 16\uc138\uae30 \uc885\uad50\uac1c\ud601\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uae34 \uac1c\uc2e0\uad50(\u6539\u65b0\u654e)\ub97c \ucd1d\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub9d0\uc740 1529\ub144 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc2a4\ud30c\uc774\uc5d0\ub974(Speyer)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\uc778 \uad6d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub8e8\ud130 \ud3b8\uc5d0 \uc120 \uc18c\uc218\uc758 \ub3c5\uc77c\uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e4\uc218\ub97c \uc774\ub8ec \ub85c\ub9c8 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uad50\ud68c \ud3b8\uc758 \uad70\uc8fc\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218\uacb0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud1b5\uacfc\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uacb0\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc790\uac00 \u2018\ud504\ub85c\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8\u2019(protest)\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \ub9d0\uc774\uba70 \uc774 \ub9d0\uc758 \ub73b\uc740 \u2018\ud56d\uc758\ud55c\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30