1. \uc5b4\uc758 : \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559(metaphysica)\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub798\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub85c\ub370\uc2a4\uc758 \uc548\ub4dc\ub85c\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4(Andronicus of Rhodes, \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 1\uc138\uae30)\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub85c\ub9c8\ub85c \ubc18\uc785\ub41c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c \uadf8\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\ud559, \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559(\uc790\uc5f0\ud559) \uc678\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c 14\uad8c\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774 \uc800\uc11c\ub97c \uc608\uc9c0 \ud639\uc740 \uc81c1\ucca0\ud559\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \uc800\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uc790\uc5f0\ud559 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc640\uc57c \ud560 \uc131\uc9c8\uc758 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc790\uc5f0\ud559 \ub2e4\uc74c\uc5d0 \uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub800\ub294\ub370, \uc911\uc138\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uc790\uc5f0\ud559\uc744 \ub118\ub294(supra, trans) \uac83\uc774\ub780 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac16\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559 \u2018metaphysica\u2019 \ud639\uc740 \ucd08\uc790\uc5f0\ud559 \u2018transphysica\u2019\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4. 17\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc77c\ubc18\ub860\uacfc \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ub418\ub358 \uc2e0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc804\uc790\ub9cc\uc744 \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860(\u5b58\u5728\u8ad6)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
2. \ub0b4\uc6a9 : \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud559\ubb38\uc774\uba70 \uc720(\u6709)\ub97c \u2018\uc720\u2019\ub85c\uc11c, \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c\uc11c \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uccb4\ub97c \uace0\ucc30\ud558\uba70 \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131, \uc6d0\ub9ac \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ucc30\ud558\ub294 \ud559\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc11c\uad6c\ucca0\ud559\uc758 \uccab \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \ubc8c\uc368 \uace0\ub300 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ucca0\ud559\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ubb3c(\uc720 \ud639\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc790)\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uae30\uc6d0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc6d0\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc788\uac8c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ucca0\ud559 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc624\ub298\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \u2018\uc720\u2019(\uc874\uc7ac\uc790)\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uaddc\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ud559\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
3. \ubd84\ub958 : \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uacfc \ud2b9\uc218\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubc18\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \u2018\uc720\u2019 \uc77c\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub17c\ud558\uace0, \ud2b9\uc218\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \u2018\ud2b9\uc218\uc720\u2019\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub17c\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud2b9\uc218\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub450 \ubd80\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc720\ud55c\uc720(\u6709\u9650\u6709)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub17c\ud558\uace0, \ub458\uc9f8 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ubb34\ud55c\uc720(\u7121\u9650\u6709) \ud639\uc740 \uc81c1\uc6d0\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ub17c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc720\ud55c\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub17c\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc790\uc5f0\ucca0\ud559, \uc774\uc131(\uf9e4\u6027) \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559(\ud639\uc740 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud559)\uc744 \ub17c\ud55c\ub2e4. \ubb34\ud55c\uc720\ub97c \ub17c\ud558\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \ubb34\ud55c\uc720 \uc989 \uc2e0\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub17c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\ub7f0 \ud2b9\uc218\ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \ubcc0\uc2e0\ub860 \ub610\ub294 \uc790\uc5f0\uc2e0\ud559\uc774\ub77c\uace0\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9b0\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
4. \uc5ed\uc0ac : \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uba3c\uc800 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\uc624\ub2c8\uc544\ud559\ud30c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc790\uc5f0\ucca0\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc740 \ubcc0\ud654\ubb34\uc0c1\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc218\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb3c\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcf8\uc131\uacfc \uadf8 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub4a4 \ud53c\ud0c0\uace0\ub77c\uc2a4\ud559\ud30c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9c8\uc11c\uc640 \uc870\ud654\uc5d0 \uac10\ud0c4\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc740 \uc218\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \uc6b0\uc8fc\ub97c \ucf54\uc2a4\ubaa8\uc2a4\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\ub2e4. \uc5d8\ub808\uc544\ud559\ud30c\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c\ub294 \ubcf8\uc5f0\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \uc8fc\uc81c\uac00 \uc81c\uae30\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ub97c \uace0\ucc30\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. \ud30c\ub974\uba54\ub2c8\ub370\uc2a4(Parmenides)\uc758 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub300\ub85c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc720\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\ud558\uace0 \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\ud558\uba70 \ud56d\uc874(\u6052\u5b58)\ud558\uace0 \ubcc0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ub3d9\uc9c8(\u540c\u8cea)\uc774\uba70 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uace0 \uc644\uc804\ud558\uba70 \ub465\uadfc \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uac10\uac01\uc5d0 \uc18d\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc678\uacac\uc0c1 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ub300\ub85c \uc720\ub97c \uace0\ucc30\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc720\ub97c \ub2e4\uc218\uc774\uba70 \uac00\ubcc0\uc801\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc798\ubabb\ub41c \ud310\ub2e8\uc774\ub2e4. \uae30\uc2e4 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub294 \uac10\uac01\uc774 \ub3c4\ub2ec\uce58 \ubabb\ud558\uace0 \uc774\uc131\ub9cc\uc774 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\uc720(\u552f\u4e00\u6709)\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc774\uc640\ub294 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ud5e4\ub77c\ud074\ub808\uc774\ud1a0\uc2a4(Herakleitos) \ud559\ud30c\ub294 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud5e4\ub77c\ud074\ub808\uc774\ud1a0\uc2a4\ub294 \uc720\uc758 \uc720\uc77c\uc131\uacfc \ubd88\uac00\ubcc0\uc131\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub97c \uc0dd\uc131(\u751f\u6210)\uc548\uc5d0 \uc778\uc815\ud55c\ub2e4. \uada4\ubcc0\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc774 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc790\uccb4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uae30\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \u201c\uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uacfc \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83(\ub9cc\ubb3c)\uc758 \ucc99\ub3c4\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \ud504\ub85c\ud0c0\uace0\ub77c\uc2a4(Protagoras)\uc758 \uc0c1\ub300\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 \uc0dd\uaca8\ub0ac\uc73c\uba70 \u201c\uc138\uacc4\uc804\uccb4\ub294 \ud658\uc0c1\uc774\ub2e4\u201d\ub77c\ub294 \uace0\ub974\uae30\uc544\uc2a4(Gorgias)\uc758 \ubc18(\u53cd)\uc6b0\uc8fc\ub860\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\ub860\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc18c\ud06c\ub77c\ud14c\uc2a4\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad00\uc810\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ucc38 \ubcf8\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb3c\uc758 \uac1c\uccb4\uc131\uacfc \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc131 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc728\ubc30\ubc18\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc18c\ud06c\ub77c\ud14c\uc2a4\uc758 \ucd9c\uc911\ud55c \uc81c\uc790\uc600\ub358 \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4\uc740 \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc874\uc7ac\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac83 \uc989 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801 \ube44\uc720(\u975e\u6709)\uc124\ub85c \uad00\ub150\ub4e4\uc758 \ubd84\uc5ec(\u5206\u8207)\uc758 \uc124\uc744 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc124\ub85c\uc368 \uc720\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\ud654\uc640 \ubcc0\ud654\uc758 \uc124\uba85\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4\uc124\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74, \uc5ec\uae30 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uac1c\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ubcc0\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc0c1\uc740 \uc800 \uac74\ub108 \uc601\uc6d0\ud558\uace0 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed \uc989 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uac10\uac01\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uac01\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e4\ub9cc \uadf8\ub9bc\uc790\uc758 \ud604\uc874\uc7ac\uc774\uba70 \uc678\uacac\uc0c1 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0a8, \uc989 \ud604\uc0c1\uc801 \ud604\uc2e4(Mu on)\uc77c \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud574 \u2018\uc774\ub370\uc544\u2019(Idea)\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc774 \ucc38\ub41c \uc874\uc7ac(ontoson)\ub77c\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc815\uc2e0\uc740, \uc774\ub7f0 \u2018\uc774\ub370\uc544\u2019\uc758 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ucd08\uac10\uac01\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uac10\uac01\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \ucd08\uc6d4\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \u2018\uc774\ub370\uc544\u2019\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \uc774 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dd \uaddc\uc900\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ucca0\ud559\uc740 \ucd08\uac10\uac01\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud559\ubb38 \uc989 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \u2018\uc774\ub370\uc544\u2019\ub4e4\uacfc \uac00\uc2dc\uc801(\u53ef\u8996\u7684) \uc138\uacc4\uc640 \uadf8 \uc6d0\uc778\ub4e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8 \ubaa8\ud615\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud559\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4\uc740 \uad00\ub150\uc720\uc758 \ubd84\uc5ec\uc124(\u5206\u8207\u8aaa)\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\ub294 \uc18c\ud06c\ub77c\ud14c\uc2a4\uc640 \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4\uc758 \ud559\uc124\uc744 \uc885\ud569 \uc644\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud604\uc2e4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\uc758 \uc720\ube44\uc131(\uf9d0\u6bd4\u6027)\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc720\ub294 \uc720\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\uc720 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uadf8 \ub0b4\ud3ec\ub418\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c\ub294 \uc77c\uce58\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uba74\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc720\ub294 \uc720\ube44\uc131\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc\ub2e4. \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc720\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uace0 \ub3d9\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc720\ub294 \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ub450 \uc6d0\ub9ac \uc989 \ud604\uc2e4\ud0dc(\u73fe\u5be6\u614b)\uc640 \uac00\ub2a5\ud0dc(\u53ef\u80fd\u614b)\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc720\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801 \uad6c\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\uc758 \ub2e4\uc218\uc131\uacfc \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
5. \uc911\uc138 : \uc911\uc138\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub17c\uc810\uc758 \uc911\uc2ec\uc740 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ub098 \uadf8 \uc591\ud0dc\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud558\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c\ub2e4. 11\uc138\uae30\ub098 12\uc138\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c\ud559\ud30c \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc720\uc758 \ube48\uc0ac(\u8cd3\u8fad) \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ub0b4\ud3ec\ud55c \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ud06c\uac8c \ubd80\uac01\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc720\uba85\ub860(\u552f\u540d\u8ad6) \ud639\uc740 \uac1c\ub150\ub860 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc758 \ub17c\uc7c1\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc804\uc790\ub294 \ubd88\uac00\uc9c0\ub860\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\uace0, \ud6c4\uc790\ub294 \ubc94\uc2e0\ub860\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ucf00 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc640\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc628\uac74 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc774 \ub300\ub450\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc628\uac74\uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc758 \ucc3d\ub3c4\uc790\ub294 \uc544\ubca8\ub77c\ub974\ub450\uc2a4(Abaelardus)\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc628\uac74\uc2e4\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uacc4\uc2b9\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4\ub294 \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec \ub354\uc6b1 \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ud0b4\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc790\uae30 \ud559\uc124\uc744 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \uc720\ube44\uac1c\ub150\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc744 \ud574\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \u2018\uc720\u2019\ub97c \u2018\uc720\u2019\ub85c\uc11c \uace0\ucc30\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uadfc\uac70\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ub17c\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \ud2b9\uc720\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc744 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc720\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801 \uad6c\uc870 \uc989 \uc720\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\ud0dc\uc640 \uac00\ub2a5\ud0dc \uc774\ub860\uc740 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\uba70 \uc774 \uc774\ub860\uc744 \uc544\ub78d\ucca0\ud559\uc790 \uc544\ubca0\ub85c\uc5d0\uc2a4(Averroes)\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uacfc \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc11c\uad6c\ucca0\ud559\uc758 \uace8\uaca9\uc774 \ub418\uac8c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub610 \u2018\uc720\u2019(\uc874\uc7ac\uc790)\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\ub860\ub3c4 \ub17c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
6. \uadfc\uc138\uc640 \ud604\ub300 : \uc624\uce84(Occam)\uc744 \ubd84\uc218\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \uc2a4\ucf5c\ub77c\ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\uc138\ucca0\ud559\uc5d0\ub85c\uc758 \uae38\uc774 \uc5f4\ub9b0\ub2e4. \uadfc\uc138\ucca0\ud559\uc740 \ud06c\uac8c \ub450 \uac08\ub798\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ud558\ub098\ub294 \ub300\ub959\uacc4\uc758 \ub370\uce74\ub974\ud2b8\uc640 \uc2a4\ud53c\ub178\uc790 \ub4f1 \ud569\ub9ac\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uacc4\uc758 \ub85c\ud06c, \ubc84\ud074\ub9ac, \ud744 \ub4f1 \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uc790\ub4e4\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ud559\uc124\uc744 \uc8fc\uad00\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ubd88\uac00\uc9c0\ub860\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uac14\ub2e4. \uce78\ud2b8\ub294 \uc774 \ub450 \ud750\ub984\uc758 \uc885\ud569\uc744 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uce78\ud2b8\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uadf8 \uc804\uc5d0 \ubcfc\ud504(C. Wolff)\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc0c1\ub840\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uce78\ud2b8\uac00 \uacbd\ud5d8\ub860\uacfc \ud569\ub9ac\ub860\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uadf8\uc758 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801(\u5148\u9a57\u7684)(\uc2e4\uc740 \uc120\ucc9c\uc801) \uc885\ud569\ud310\ub2e8\ub860\uc774\ub2e4. \ud559\ubb38\uc774 \uc131\ub9bd\ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uba74 \uc989 \ud655\uc7a5\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uacfc \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc774\uba70 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc778\uc744 \uc9c0\ub140\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801\uc778 \uc885\ud569\ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uc0c8\ub86d\uace0 \ud655\uc7a5\uc801 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud544\uc5f0\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc904 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \uac83\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ud6c4\ucc9c\uc801(\u5f8c\u5929\u7684)(\uc2e4\uc740 \ud6c4\ud5d8\uc801, a posteriori)\uc778 \uc885\ud569\ud310\ub2e8\uc77c \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uace0, \uc120\ucc9c\uc801(\uc120\ud5d8\uc801, a priori) \uc885\ud569\ud310\ub2e8\uc778 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc740 \uadf8 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc758 \uc120\ud589\uc870\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ud574\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \uce78\ud2b8 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc544\ub294 \ubc29\ub3c4\ub294 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ud55c \uc131\ub9bd\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\uac83\uc740 \ud655\uc2e4\ud788 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801(\ucd08\uc6d4\uc801) \uc804\ud68c\uc774\ub2e4. \uce78\ud2b8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \uc804\ud68c\ub294 \uc870\uac74 \uc9c0\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uac74\uc5d0\ub85c, \uacbd\ud5d8\ub300\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub7f0 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc21c\uc218\uc774\uc131\uc5d0\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\ud589\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801(\ucd08\uc6d4\uc801) \ucca0\ud559(transzendentalphilosophie)\uc5d0\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \uc21c\uac1c\ub150\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc21c\uc218\uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\uc131\uc740 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\uc131\uc774 \uac10\uac01\uacbd\ud5d8\uc758 \uc18c\uc5ec\uc5d0 \uc758\uc874\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc21c\uc218\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uac1c\ub150\uacfc \uc6d0\ub9ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uac10\uac01\uacbd\ud5d8\uc758 \uc601\uc5ed \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub9cc \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc601\uc5ed \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \ub300\uc0c1\uc744 \uc788\ub294 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c(an sich) \uaddc\uc815\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uace0, \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ub300\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud560 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uac1d\uad00\uc131\ub3c4 \uac16\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uba70 \uc21c\uc804\ud788 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5\uc774\uba70 \uc0ac\uace0\ub294 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uac00 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uce78\ud2b8\ub294 \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc774\uc131(\u5be6\u8e10\uf9e4\u6027)\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcf8\ub798\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc744 \uc0b4\ub9ac\ub824\uace0 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2e4\ucc9c\uc774\uc131\uc740 \uc21c\uc218\uc774\uc131(\u7d14\u7cb9\uf9e4\u6027)\uc774 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801 \uc138 \uc2e4\uc7ac \uc989 \uc138\uacc4\uc640 \uc601\ud63c\uacfc \uc2e0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac15\ud55c \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud53c\ud788\ud14c\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ucca0\ud559 \ucd08\uae30\uc5d0 \uc21c\uc218\ud55c \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc790\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \ub4a4\ub85c\ub294 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc744 \ub118\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac \uc989 \uc720\ud55c \uc774\uc131\uc758 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4. \uc178\ub9c1\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub18d\ud6c4\ud558\uc5ec \uc84c\ub2e4. \uc178\ub9c1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc790\uc544(Ego)\ub294 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ucd08\uc6d4\ud558\uc5ec \uac1d\uad00\uacfc \uc8fc\uad00, \uc774\uc0c1\uacfc \ud604\uc2e4\uc758 \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc774\uc911\uc131\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc55e\uc11c\ub294 \uc808\ub300\ub97c \uc758\uc2dd\ud558\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc808\ub300\ub294 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc744 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc5d0\ub85c \uc9c0\ud5a5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4. \uc178\ub9c1\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131(\u540c\u4e00\u6027)\uc758 \ucca0\ud559\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc5d0\ub85c\uc758 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc744 \uac16\ub294\ub2e4. \ud5e4\uac94\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc758 \uc790\ucde8\ub97c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc808\ub300\uc801 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc810\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uadf8\uac83\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc131\uc801 \uc9c1\uad00\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc758\uc2dd\uc801 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc758 \uc120\ud5d8\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc5bb\uac8c \ub41c\ub2e4. \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uace0\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc120\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uce58 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc0ac\uace0\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc801 \ub17c\ub9ac\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud5e4\uac94\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc774\uba70 \uc2e0\ub860\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \uadf8\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc874\uc7ac\ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ucd94\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud558\ub974\ud2b8\ub9cc(N. Hartmann)\uc740 \uc2e0 \uce78\ud2b8\ud30c\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\uc801 \uad00\ub150\ub860\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc801 \uc0ac\uace0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc591\ud0dc\uc640 \uc874\uc7ac\ub2e8\uacc4\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc801 \uc11c\uc220\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \uc804\uc81c\ub97c \uc758\uc2dd\uce58 \ubabb\ud55c \u2018\ubc94\uc8fc\ub860\uc801 \ubd84\uc11d\u2019\uc774\uba70, \ubcf8 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub3c4\ub2ec\uce58 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc57c\uc2a4\ud37c\uc2a4(K. Jaspers)\ub294 \ud3ec\uad04\uc790\uc640 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub300\uc0c1\uc601\uc5ed\uc774 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ub118\ub294 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8\ub294 \uce78\ud2b8\uc801 \uc804\uc81c\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud558\ub294 \u2018\uc554\ud638\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\u2019\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub978\ub2e4. \uc57c\uc2a4\ud37c\uc2a4\uc758 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc801\uc778 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uce78\ud2b8\uc801 \ud14c\uc81c(These)\uac00 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ub610\ud55c \ud0a4\uc5d0\ub974\ucf00\uace0\ub974, \ub9c8\ub974\uc140\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ubd88\uc548, \uc808\ub9dd, \uc0ac\ub791, \ud76c\ub9dd \ub4f1 \ub290\ub08c\uc758 \uc2e4\uc874\uc5d0\uc11c \uc874\uc7ac, \uc808\ub300\uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0\ub85c \uae38\uc744 \uc5f4\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\ub3c4 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\ub294 \uc11c\uad6c \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc774 \uc720, \uc874\uc7ac\uc0ac\ubb3c, \uc874\uc7ac\uc790(das Seiende)\ub97c \uace0\ucc30\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac(das Sein des Seienden)\ub97c \uace0\ucc30\uce58 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4. \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0dd\uac01\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\uce58 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc744 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uace0 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc744 \ub450\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \u2018\uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ub9dd\uac01\u2019\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud55c \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uac1c\uc2dc(\u958b\u793a)\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc5d0\uc11c \uccb4\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uadf8 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \u2018\uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uc9c4\ub9ac\uc758 \ucc98\uc18c\u2019\uc774\ub2e4. \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \u2018\ud604\uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ubd84\uc11d\u2019\uc774\ub2e4. \ud604\uc874\uc7ac \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c \uc874\uc7ac\uc77c\ubc18\uc774 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub418\uba70, \uc774\ub7f0 \uc874\uc7ac\uc77c\ubc18\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uc640 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc801-\uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc801 \ub9cc\ub0a8\uacfc \uc874\uc7ac\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \u2018\uc6b0\ub9ac\u2019 \uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ucf00 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\uc758 \uae30\ucd08\uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801 \ucca0\ud559\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc874\uc7ac\uc640\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801-\uae30\ucd08\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860 \ubb38\uc81c\uc758 \ud574\uacb0\ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud6c4\uc124\uc758 \ud604\uc0c1\ud559\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc4f4\ub2e4. \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc778\uac04\uc801 \ud604\uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \ud604\uc0c1\uc801 \uc9c1\uc811\uc131 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc790\uae30-\ud604\uc2dc(\u986f\u793a)\uc5d0\ub85c \uc774\ub04c\uc5b4 \uac00\uba70 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801 \u2018\ubd04\u2019\uc5d0\ub85c \uc811\uadfc\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ubbc0\ub85c \uadf8\ub294 \uc774\uc131 \uc804\uc758 \ub290\ub08c\uacfc \uc815\ud0dc\uac10(\u60c5\u614b\u611f) \uc548\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \ub354 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud30c\uc545\ucf54\uc790 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ud558\uc774\ub370\uac70\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc801\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac\uc640 \uc778\uac04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ud5d8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub9cc\uc744 \ub9cc\ub09c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc720\ud55c\ud558\uace0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac\ub9cc\uc744 \ub9cc\ub09c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
7. \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9 : \uccb4\uacc4\uc801 \ud639\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc778\uac04\uc815\uc2e0\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd \ubc16\uc758 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0\uc758 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ub2a5\ub825\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba70 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub860\uc740 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\ud0a8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \ub300\ub7b5 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\u25b3 \uba3c\uc800 \u2018\uc720\u2019, \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \ud30c\uc545 : \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \uac1c\ub150, \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc131\uacfc \uc218\ub834, \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801 \uc81c\uc6d0\ub9ac. \u25b3 \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131 : \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc77c\ubc18\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131-\uc77c\uc131, \uc9c4\uc131, \uc120\uc131, \uc120\uacfc \uac00\uce58\ubb38\uc81c, \uc545\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c, \ubbf8\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c. \u25b3 \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \ub0b4\uc801 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\ub9ac : \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \ud604\uc2e4\ud0dc\uc640 \uac00\ub2a5\ud0dc, \ubcf8\uc9c8\uacfc \uc874\uc7ac[\uc774 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec\ubd80\ubd84\uc774\ub2e4]. \u25b3 \u2018\uc720\u2019\uc758 \ubc94\uc8fc\ub860 : \ubc94\uc8fc\uc77c\ubc18, \uc2e4\uccb4\uc640 \uc6b0\uc720(\u5076\u6709), \uc778\uaca9\ub860, \uad00\uacc4\ub860. \u25b3 \uc6d0\uc778\ub860 : \uc6d0\uc778\uc77c\ubc18\ub860, \ub2a5\ub3d9\uc778\uacfc \uc778\uacfc\uc6d0\ub9ac \uc989 \uc778\uacfc\uc728, \ubaa9\uc801\uc778. \u25b3 \uc138\uacc4\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc758 \uadfc\uac70 : \uc720\ud55c\uc720\uc640 \ud544\uc5f0\uc720, \ubd84\uc720(\u5206\u6709), \uc808\ub300\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\uc640 \ucd08\uc6d4\uacfc \ub0b4\uc7ac \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ub41c\ub2e4. (\u912d\u7fa9\u91c7)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] Aristoteles, Metaphysica, Physica \/ E. Coreth, Metaphysik, 2e., Insbruck 1964 \/ P. Dezza, Metaphysica generalis, Roma 1965 \/ C. Fabro, La Nozionce Metaphysica di partecipazione secondo S. Tommaso d’Aquino, Milano 1939 \/ L. Raeymaeker, Philosophie de l’etre, Louvain 1947 \/ G.W.F. Hegel, Wissenschaft der Logik \u2160,\u2161, Frankfurt 1969 \/ A. Thomas, De ente et essentia; Summa Theologiae \/ M. Heidegger, Sein und Zeit, 5e, Frankfurt 1949; Was ist Metaphysik, 5e, Frankfurt 1949 \/ J.B. Lotz, Die Identitat von Geist und Sein, Roma 1972 \/ A.M. Moschetti, Metapisica, in encilcopedia filosopica, 5, Roma 1979 \/ \uc815\uc758\ucc44, \u5b58\u5728\uc758 \u6839\u64da\u554f\u984c, \uc11c\uc6b8 1981; \u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78, 5\ud310, \uc11c\uc6b8 1983. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \uc5b4\uc758 : \ud615\uc774\uc0c1\ud559(metaphysica)\uc774\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \uadfc\uc6d0\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc720\ub798\ub41c\ub2e4. \ub85c\ub370\uc2a4\uc758 \uc548\ub4dc\ub85c\ub2c8\ucfe0\uc2a4(Andronicus of Rhodes, \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 1\uc138\uae30)\ub77c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc774 \ub85c\ub9c8\ub85c \ubc18\uc785\ub41c \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub4e4\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c \uadf8\uc758 \ub17c\ub9ac\ud559, \ubb3c\ub9ac\ud559(\uc790\uc5f0\ud559) \uc678\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c 14\uad8c\uc758 \uc800\uc11c\ub97c \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4\ub294 \uc774 \uc800\uc11c\ub97c \uc608\uc9c0 \ud639\uc740 \uc81c1\ucca0\ud559\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30