\u2018\ud78c\ub450\uad50\u2019\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4[\uc608 \ubd88\uad50, \uc790\uc774\ub098\uad50, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50]\uacfc \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub418\uace0 \uc778\ub3c4\uc778\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \ub530\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc885\uad50\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc778\uc758 \uc0b6 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud574 \uc628 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7fd\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\ub4e4\uacfc \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5\ub4e4\uc744 \ucd1d\ub9dd\ub77c\ud55c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\ud654\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4. \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \uae30\uc6d0\uc804 15\uc138\uae30\uacbd\uc744 \uc804\ud6c4\ud55c \uc778\ub3c4\uc720\ub7fd(Indo-European)\uacc4\uc758 \uc778\uc885\uc778 \uc544\ub9ac\uc548(Aryan)\uc871\uc758 \uce68\uc785 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uc0b4\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \uc778\ub354\uc2a4\ubb38\uba85\uc5d0\uae4c\uc9c0 \uac70\uc2ac\ub7ec \uc62c\ub77c\uac04\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc758 \ud1a0\ucc29\uc801 \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uad00\uc2b5\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ub9ac\uc548\uc871\uc758 \uc815\ubcf5\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc11c \uc874\uc18d\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \ub300\uc911\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc0c1\uce35\uc801 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc544\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc774 \uc0c1\uce35\ubb38\ud654\ub294 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc29\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud1a0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc804\ud1b5\ub4e4\uacfc \uc0c1\ud638\uc601\ud5a5 \ud558\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc804\ub418\uba74\uc11c \ubc94\uc778\ub3c4\uc801(\u6c4e\u5370\u5ea6\u7684)\uc778 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc544\ub9ac\uc548\uc871\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e9\ub41c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc0c1\uce35 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \uc0b0\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9ac\ud2b8(Sanskrit, \u68b5\u8a9e)\uc5b4\ub85c \uc50c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubb38\ud5cc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub2f4\uaca8 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370\uc11c\ub3c4 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub418\uace0 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uac83\uc740 \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019(Veda) \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774\ub2e4. \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019\ub294 \uc544\ub9ac\uc548\ub4e4\uc774 \uc12c\uae30\ub358 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0(deva)\ub4e4, \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud3ed\ud48d\uc758 \uc2e0 \uc778\ub4dc\ub77c(Indra), \ubd88\uc758 \uc2e0 \uc544\uadf8\ub2c8(Agni), \ud0dc\uc591\uc2e0 \uc218\ub9ac\uc544(Surya)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc1a1\uac00\uc640 \uae30\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc218\uc9d1\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c 4\uc885 [\ub9ac\uadf8 \ubca0\ub2e4, \uc2f8\ub9c8 \ubca0\ub2e4, \uc57c\uc8fc\ub974 \ubca0\ub2e4, \uc544\ud0c0\ub974\ubc14 \ubca0\ub2e4]\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uac01 \ubca0\ub2e4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc81c\uc0ac\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uacfc \uaddc\ubc94\uc744 \ub2e4\ub8e8\ub294 \u226a\ube0c\ub77c\ud750\ub9c8\ub098\u226b(Brahmana)\uc640 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc0ac\ubcc0\uacfc \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc744 \uc8fc\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \u226a\uc6b0\ud30c\ub2c8\uc0e4\ub4dc\u226b(Upanisad)\ub77c\ub294 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc774 \ubd80\uac00\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4. \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uba85\ubaa9\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\ub098 \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\ub97c \uc2e0\uc131\uc2dc\ud558\uba70 \uc774 \uad8c\uc704\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubd88\uad50\ub098 \uc790\uc774\ub098\uad50\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \ud1a0\ucc29\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4\uc744 \uc774\ub2e8\uc2dc\ud574\uc654\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubca0\ub2e4\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \uc804\uc218\ud574 \uc628 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc0ac\uc81c\uacc4\uae09\uc778 \ube0c\ub77c\ub9cc \uacc4\uae09\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubb34\uc0ac\uacc4\uae09\uc778 \ud06c\uc0e4\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc544(Ksatriya), \ub18d\uc5c5 \ubc0f \uc0c1\uacf5\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc774\uc0e4(Vaisya), \ub178\uc608\uacc4\uae09\uc778 \uc288\ub4dc\ub77c(Sudra)\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc18c\uc704 \uc0ac\uc131\uacc4\uae09\uc81c\ub3c4(\u56db\u59d3\u968e\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6, varna)\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc654\ub2e4. \uc0ac\uc131\uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \ud78c\ub450\uad50 \uc804\ud1b5\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019\uc758 \uad8c\uc704\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc815\ud1b5\uc131\uc758 \ub450 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc0ac\uc131\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \uaddc\ubc94\uacfc \uc758\ubb34(dharma)\ub97c \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc654\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub7f0 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc724\ub9ac\uc9c8\uc11c\uc640 \ubc00\ucc29\ub41c \uc885\uad50\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc0ac\uc131\uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc758 \uc2dc\ud589\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\uc885\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5\ubd84\uad8c(\u8077\u696d\u5206\u6b0a) \uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc18c\uc704 \u2018\uce90\uc2a4\ud2b8\u2019 \uc81c\ub3c4(jati)\uc640 \ubd88\uac00\ubd84\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \uc774 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uc0b6\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud574 \uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc0ac\uc131\uc81c\ub3c4\uc640 \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c \uc724\ub9ac\uccb4\uacc4\uc758 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uae30\ubc18\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc778\uc0dd\uc758 4\uae30\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc774\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc774\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc0b6\uc758 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 4\ub2e8\uacc4(asrama)\ub85c\uc11c \uad6c\ubd84\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc0c1\uce35 3\uacc4\uae09\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uc544\ub3d9\uae30\ub97c \uc9c0\ub098\uba74 \ubd80\ubaa8\uc758 \uc2ac\ud558\ub97c \ub5a0\ub098 \uc2a4\uc2b9(gum)\uc758 \ubb38\ud558\uc5d0\uc11c \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud559\ubb38\uc744 \uacf5\ubd80\ud558\uba70 \uae08\uc695\uc801\uc778 \ubc94\ud589\uc790(\u68b5\u884c\u8005, brahmaearin)\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \ub05d\ub098\uba74 \uacb0\ud63c\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc790\uc190\uc744 \ub0b3\uace0 \uc2e0\uacfc \uc870\uc0c1\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4dc\ub9ac\uba70 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \uc99d\uc2dd\ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\uac00\uc790(\u5728\u5bb6\u8005, grhastha)\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc7ac\uac00\uc790\uc758 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \ub2e4\ud558\uace0 \uc778\uc0dd\uc758 \ud669\ud63c\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac00\uba74 \uc0dd\uc758 \uc81c3\uae30\uc778 \uc784\uc11c\uc790(\u6797\u68f2\u8005, vanaprastha)\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc989 \uc232 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \uae08\uc695\uacfc \uba85\uc0c1\uc758 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud558\uba70 \ud574\ud0c8(\u89e3\u812b, moksa)\uc744 \ubaa8\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uac04\uc774\ub2e4. \uc81c4\uae30\ub294 \uace0\ud589\uc790(\u82e6\u884c\u8005, sannyasin)\uc758 \ub2e8\uacc4\ub85c\uc11c \uc774\ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \uac00\uc871\uacfc \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640\uc758 \uc720\ub300\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub04a\uc5b4\ubc84\ub9ac\uace0 \uac78\uc2dd\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc720\ud589\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uace0\ud589\uc790 \uba85\uc0c1\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\ud0c8\uc744 \ucd94\uad6c\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc774\uc0c1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \uc138\uc18d\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubb34\uc758 \uc218\ud589\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \uc601\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc870\ud654 \uc788\uac8c \ucd94\uad6c\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0b6\uc758 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud560 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ucd08\uc6d4\uc801\uc778 \uc0b6, \uc989 \ud574\ud0c8\uc758 \uae38\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc774\ub2e4. \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \uc601\ud63c\uc758 \uc724\ud68c(\uf9d7\u5efb, samsara)\ub97c \ubbff\ub294\ub2e4. \uc778\uac04\uc740 \uc721\uccb4\uc758 \ud30c\uba78\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc18c\uba78\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc601\ud63c\uc740 \uac01\uae30 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc740 \ud589\uc704[\u696d, karma]\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc801\ud569\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \uc721\uccb4\ub85c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub09c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5c5\uc744 \ud589\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \uc774 \uc0dd\uc0ac(\u751f\u6b7b)\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc740 \uc601\uc6d0\ud788 \uacc4\uc18d\ub420 \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ud574\ud0c8\uc774\ub780 \ubc14\ub85c \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uace0\ud1b5\uc2a4\ub7fd\uace0 \ubb34\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud574\ubc29\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \ud574\ud0c8\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c0\uc2dd(jnana)\uacfc \uc2e0\uc560(\u4fe1\u611b, bhakti)\uc758 \ub450 \uae38\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud574 \uc654\ub2e4. \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc758 \uae38\uc740 \u226a\uc6b0\ud30c\ub2c8\uc0e4\ub4dc\u226b\uc5d0 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\uc2dc\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc774\ub780 \ubb34\uc5c7\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub3c4 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8 \ud639\uc740 \ucc38 \uc790\uc544(Atman)\ub294 \uace7 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801 \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc778 \ube0c\ub77c\ub9cc \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub77c\ub294 \ubc94\uc544\uc77c\uc5ec(\u68b5\u6211\u4e00\u5982)\uc758 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \uae68\ub2eb\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4. \u226a\uc6b0\ud30c\ub2c8\uc0e4\ub4dc\u226b\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ub97c \ub454 \ubca0\ub2e8\ud0c0(Vedanta)\ucca0\ud559\uc740 \ud78c\ub450\uad50 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\uc7a5 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825 \uc788\ub294 \ud559\ud30c\ub85c\uc11c \uc774 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \ud574\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ucca0\ud559\uc774\ub2e4. \ubca0\ub2e8\ud0c0\ucca0\ud559 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ube0c\ub77c\ud750\ub9cc\uc744 \uc778\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc808\ub300\uc790\ub85c \ubcf4\ub290\ub0d0 \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \ube44\uc778\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc2e4\uc7ac\ub85c \ubcf4\ub290\ub0d0, \ud639\uc740 \ube0c\ub77c\ud750\ub9cc\uacfc \ud604\uc0c1\uc138\uacc4\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub458\ub7ec\uc2f8\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \uc785\uc7a5\ub4e4\uc774 \uc804\uac1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc0f9\uce74\ub77c(Sankara, 8\uc138\uae30)\uc758 \ubd88\uc774\ub860(\uf967\u4e8c\u8ad6), \ub77c\ub9c8\ub204\uc790(Ramanuja, 11\uc138\uae30)\uc758 \ud55c\uc815\ubd88\uc774\ub860(\u9650\u5b9a\uf967\u4e8c\u8ad6), \ub9c8\ub4dc\ubc14(Madhva, 13\uc138\uae30)\uc758 \uc774\uc6d0\ub860\uc740 \ub300\ud45c\uc801 \ubca0\ub2e8\ud0c0\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uccb4\uacc4\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud574\ud0c8\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc740 \ubca0\ub2e8\ud0c0 \ud559\ud30c \uc678\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\ud30c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uac04\uc758 \uc790\uc544\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc62c\ubc14\ub978 \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc0c1\ud0a4\uc57c(Sakhya)\ub098 \uc694\uac00(Yoga)\ud559\ud30c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ucc38 \uc790\uc544\ub97c \u2018\ud478\ub8e8\uc0ac\u2019(purusa, \u7cbe\u795e)\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uba70 \ud478\ub8e8\uc0ac\ub294 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \ud604\uc0c1\uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801 \uc2e4\uccb4\uc778 \ud504\ub77c\ud06c\ub974\ud2f0(prakrti, \u7269\u8cea)\uc640\ub294 \uc804\ud600 \uc774\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac\ub77c\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ud574\ud0c8\uc774\ub780 \uc774 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \uae68\ub2ec\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11c \uc601\ud63c\uc774 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc138\uacc4\uc758 \uc18d\ubc15\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud574\ubc29\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc694\uac00\ucca0\ud559\uc740 \uc774 \uc9c4\ub9ac\ub97c \uc694\uac00\ub77c\ub294 \uc721\uccb4\uc801 \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uc218\ub828\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uae68\ub2ec\uc744 \uac83\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\uc9c0\uc2dd\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc870\ub418\ub294 \ub610 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ud574\ud0c8\uc758 \uae38\uc740 \uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\uc560\uc758 \uae38\uc774\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc560\ub780 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ucc3d\uc870\ud558\uace0 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\ub294 \uc704\ub300\ud55c \uc778\uaca9\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0(\u4e3b, Isvara)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ub791\uacfc \ud5cc\uc2e0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\uc640 \uc5f0\ud569\ud558\ub294 \uad6c\uc6d0\uc758 \uae38\ub85c\uc11c, \uc774 \uc2e0\uc560\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uc720\uba85\ud55c \uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc \u226a\ub9c8\ud558\ubc14\ub77c\ud0c0\u226b(Mahabharata)\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ubd84\uc778 <\ubc14\uac00\ubc14\ub4dc \uae30\ud0c0>(Bhagavad-gita)\uc5d0 \uace0\uc804\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \u226a\uc6b0\ud30c\ub2c8\uc0e4\ub4dc\u226b\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\uc774 \uc0c1\uce35\uc758 3\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub41c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \u2018\uae30\ud0c0\u2019\ub294 \ub0a8\ub140\ub098 \uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub204\uad6c\ub098\uac00 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubb38\ud5cc\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uc2e0\uc560\ub97c \ud1b5\ud55c \uad6c\uc6d0\uc758 \uba54\uc138\uc9c0\ub294 \u2018\uae30\ud0c0\u2019\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \ubc14\uc774\ube14\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9b4 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub300\uc911\uc801\uc778 \ud638\uc18c\ub825\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2c8\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \u2018\ubc14\uac00\ubc14\ub4dc \uae30\ud0c0\u2019\uc758 \ubb38\uc790\uc801\uc778 \ub73b\uc740 \u2018\uc9c0\uc874(\u81f3\u5c0a)\uc758 \ub178\ub798\u2019\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub85c\uc11c, \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \u2018\uc9c0\uc874\u2019\uc774\ub780 \uace7 \ube44\uc288\ub204(Visnu)\uc2e0\uacfc \uadf8\uc758 \ud654\uc2e0(\u5316\u8eab, avatara)\uc778 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc288\ub098(Krsna)\ub97c \uac00\ub9ac\ud0a8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ube44\uc288\ub204\uc2e0\uc740 \ub098\ub77c\uc57c\ub098(Narayana)\ub098 \ud558\ub9ac(Hari)\ub77c\ub294 \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub9ac\uba70 \ud754\ud788 \uc5b4\ub450\uc6b4 \uc0c9\uc758 \uc5bc\uad74\uacfc \ub124 \uac1c\uc758 \ud314\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \ub124 \ud314\uc5d0\ub294 \ud328\uac01(\u8c9d\u6bbc) \u00b7 \uc6d0\ud310 \u00b7 \uc5f0\uaf43 \u00b7 \ud65c \u00b7 \uace4\ubd09 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ub4e4\uc744 \ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758 \ud574\uccb4\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud0dc\ucd08\uc758 \ubc14\ub2e4\ub97c \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud558\ub294 \uc250\uc0ac(Sesa)\ub77c\ub294 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7a0\uc790\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uac00 \ub54c\uac00 \ub418\uba74 \uadf8\uc758 \ubc30\uaf3d\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ube0c\ub77c\ud750\ub9c8\uc2e0\uc774 \ub098\uc640\uc11c \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ucc3d\uc870\ud558\uba70 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uace0 \ub610 \ud30c\uad34\ud55c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc138\uacc4\uc758 \ub3c4\ub355\uc801 \uc9c8\uc11c\uac00 \uc1e0\ud1f4\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc8fc\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\ub7ec \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ub3d9\ubb3c\uc774\ub098 \uc778\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ud654\uc2e0\ud558\uc5ec \ub098\ud0c0\ub098 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ub418\ucc3e\ub294 \uc790\ube44\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc874\uc7ac\uc774\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc288\ub098\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud654\uc2e0\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud558\uba70 \ubc14\ub2e4, \ud2b9\ud788 ‘\ubc14\uac00\ubc14\ub4dc \uae30\ud0c0’\uc758 \uc124\uad50\uc790\uc778 \ud06c\ub9ac\uc288\ub098\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud654\uc2e0\uc740 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc720\uba85\ud558\uba70 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub300\uc911\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\ub2e4. \ube44\uc288\ub204\uc2e0\uacfc \ud06c\ub9ac\uc288\ub098\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2e0\uc559\uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \u2018\ube44\uc288\ub204 \ud478\ub77c\ub098\u2019(Visnu-purana)\ub098 \u2018\ubc14\uac00\ubc14\ud0c0 \ud478\ub77c\ub098\u2019(Bhagavata-purana) \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubb38\ud5cc\ub4e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub354\uc6b1 \ub354 \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uac8c \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud55c\ud3b8 \ube44\uc288\ub204\uc2e0 \ubabb\uc9c0\uc54a\uac8c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ub300\uc911\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc628 \uc2e0\uc740 \uc2dc\ubc14(Siva)\uc2e0\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4 \uc544\ub9ac\uc544\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\ubcf5 \uc774\uc804\ubd80\ud130 \uc6d0\uc8fc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc12c\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \u2018\ubca0\ub2e4\u2019\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ucc9c\ub465\uc758 \uc2e0 \ub8e8\ub4dc\ub77c(Rudra)\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \u2018\ub3d9\ubb3c\uc758 \uc8fc\u2019(Pasupati)\ub77c\ub294 \uce6d\ud638\ub85c\uc11c \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubc14\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc131\ud488\uc744 \uc9c0\ub2cc \uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \ubb18\uc0ac\ub41c\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud788\ub9d0\ub77c\uc57c\uc0b0 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubab8\uc5d0 \uc7ac\ub97c \ubc14\ub974\uace0 \uba38\ub9ac\ub294 \uc0c1\ud22c\ub97c \ud2c0\uace0 \uc2ec\ud55c \uace0\ud589\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uc694\uac00\ud589\uc790(yogin)\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8\ub824\uc9c0\ub294\uac00 \ud558\uba74 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud55c\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubc88\uc2dd\uacfc \ub2e4\uc0b0(\u591a\u7523)\uc758 \uc0c1\uc9d5\uc778 \ub0a8\uadfc(\u7537\u6839, lingam)\uc73c\ub85c \ud754\ud788 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc2dc\ubc14\uc2e0\uc740 \ub610\ud55c \ubb34\uc655(\u821e\u738b, Nataraja)\uc758 \ubaa8\uc2b5\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc0c1\ud654\ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\uba70 \uadf8\uc758 \ucda4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc138\uacc4\ub294 \ucc3d\uc870\ub418\uace0 \ud30c\uad34\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c\ub2e4. \uc911\uc138 \uc778\ub3c4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc2dc\uc778\uacfc \uc131\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ucd9c\ud604\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uc288\ub204\uc640 \uc2dc\ubc14\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub728\uac70\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ub791\uacfc \uc2e0\uc559\uc744 \ud45c\ud604\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uc288\ub204\uc640 \uc2dc\ubc14\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc804\uc5ed\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0\uc11c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc18d\uc5d0 \ud655\uace0\ud55c \uc790\ub9ac\ub97c \ucc28\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ube44\uc288\ub204\uc640 \uc2dc\ubc14\ub294 \uac01\uae30 \uc544\ub0b4\ub97c \uac16\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ube44\uc288\ub204\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ud589\uc6b4\uc758 \uc5ec\uc2e0 \ub77d\uc2a4\ubbf8(Laksmi)\uc774\uba70 \uc2dc\ubc14\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\ub294 \ud30c\ub974\ubc14\ud2f0(Parvati), \uce7c\ub9ac(Kali), \ub450\ub974\uac00(Durga) \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc774\ub984\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4 \uc5ec\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9cc\ubb3c\uc758 \ucc3d\uc870\ub825(sakti)\uc744 \uc0c1\uc9d5\ud558\ub294 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \ub300\uc911\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub3c4 \ud55c\ub2e4. \ube44\uc288\ub204\uc640 \uc2dc\ubc14\ub294 \uc628 \uc138\uacc4\ub97c \ucc3d\uc870\ud558\uace0 \ub2e4\uc2a4\ub9ac\uba70 \ud30c\uad34\ud558\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c\uc11c \uc804 \uc778\ub3c4\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc804 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc784\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uc5ec, \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uadf8 \ubc16\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uadf8 \ub2a5\ub825\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \uc12c\uae34\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4 \uc561\uc6b4\uc744 \uc81c\uac70\ud574 \uc8fc\ub294 \ucf54\ub07c\ub9ac \uba38\ub9ac \ubaa8\uc591\uc758 \uac00\ub124\uc0e4(Ganesa)\ub098 \uc11c\uc0ac\uc2dc \u226a\ub77c\ub9c8\uc57c\ub098\u226b(Ramayana)\uc758 \uc8fc\uc778\uacf5\uc774\uba70 \ube44\uc288\ub204 \uc2e0\uc758 \ud654\uc2e0\uc73c\ub85c \uac04\uc8fc\ub418\ub294 \ub77c\ub9c8(Rama)\uc758 \uce5c\uad6c\uc778 \uc6d0\uc22d\uc774 \ud558\ub204\ub9cc(Hanumant)\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \uc804\uc5ed\uc744 \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ub110\ub9ac \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc5d0\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud639\uc740 \ub9c8\uc744\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc22d\ubc30\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac01\uc885\uc758 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4. \uc131\uc790\ub4e4, \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub098\ubb34\ub098 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ub4e4, \uc2e0\uaca9\ud654\ub41c \uc9c0\ubc29\uc758 \uc601\uc6c5\uc801 \uc778\ubb3c\ub4e4, \uc2e0\ud654\uc801 \uc804\uc124\uc801 \uc874\uc7ac\ub4e4, \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \ub2e4\uc2e0\uad50\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc744 \ub354\uc6b1 \ub354 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud558\uace0 \ud48d\ubd80\ud558\uac8c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.<\/p>\n
\ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc804\ud1b5\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc131\ud5a5\uacfc \uad00\uc2ec\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc790\uae30\uac00 \u2018\uc120\ud0dd\ud55c \uc2e0\u2019(istadevata)\uc744 \uc12c\uae30\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uba70 \ub610\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc12c\uae30\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uac08\ub4f1\uc774\ub098 \ubaa8\uc21c\uc744 \ubc1c\uacac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4. \uacb0\uad6d \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc2e0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc5b8\uc5b4\uc640 \ud615\uc0c1\uc801 \uad6c\ud604\uc744 \ucd08\uc6d4\ud55c \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uad81\uadf9\uc801 \ud798\uc778 \ube0c\ub77c\ub9cc\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c \ud604\ud604(\u986f\u73fe)\uc73c\ub85c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\uc758 \uc2e0\ud559\uc801 \ucca0\ud559\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\uc740 \uac04\uc8fc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a4 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \uc2e0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uacb0\uad6d \uc601\uc6d0\ud55c \uc2e4\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uc811\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. (\u21d2) \uc885\uad50 (\u5409\u7199\u661f)<\/p>\n
[\ucc38\uace0\ubb38\ud5cc] A. Avalon, Principles of Tantra, London 1915 \/ A. Barth, The Religion of India, London 1882 \/ Bhantan Kumarappa, Hindu Conception of Deity, London 1934 \/ K.F. Geldner, Die Religionen der Inder, Tubingen 1911 \/ H.D. Griswold, Brahman, A Study in the History of Indian Philosophy, New York 1900. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2018\ud78c\ub450\uad50\u2019\ub780 \ub9d0\uc740 \uc778\ub3c4 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc885\uad50\ub4e4[\uc608 \ubd88\uad50, \uc790\uc774\ub098\uad50, \uc774\uc2ac\ub78c\uad50]\uacfc \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \ub9d0\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc624\ub798\ub418\uace0 \uc778\ub3c4\uc778\uc758 \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\uac00 \ub530\ub974\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc774\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc2e4\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud78c\ub450\uad50\ub294 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc885\uad50\ub77c\uace0 \ubd80\ub974\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uc778\uc758 \uc0b6 \uc804\uccb4\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud574 \uc628 \uc131\uc2a4\ub7fd\uace0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc801 \uc804\ud1b5\ub4e4\uacfc \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uad00\uc2b5\ub4e4\uc744 \ucd1d\ub9dd\ub77c\ud55c … \uacc4\uc18d \uc77d\uae30