{"id":82758,"date":"2003-04-03T10:23:34","date_gmt":"2003-04-03T10:23:34","guid":{"rendered":"tn-import:\/\/a_tn2_catholicdictionary_list\/15557"},"modified":"2003-04-03T10:23:34","modified_gmt":"2003-04-03T10:23:34","slug":"tn_a_tn2_catholicdictionary_list_15557","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/test2.missa.or.kr\/?p=82758","title":{"rendered":"\ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub300\ud601\uba85\uacfc \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc138\uc18d\ud654, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \ub178\ub3d9\ud5cc\uc7a5,\uad50\ud669 \ub808\uc62413\uc138"},"content":{"rendered":"

 
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  19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec \uacc4\ubabd\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc678\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub300\ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf1c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4, \ub3c5\uc77c \uc774\ud0c8\ub9ac\uc544 \uc77c\ubd80\uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf8 \uad8c\uc704\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud558\uace0, \uc138\uc18d\ud654 \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub2c8 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud601\uba85\uacfc \uc138\uc18d\ud654\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc790\uac01\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4 \uad50\ud654\uccad\uacfc \uc9c0\ubc29\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \ubc00\uc811\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ub2e8\uacb0\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uad6d\uac00\uc9c0\uc0c1\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uad6d\uad50\ud68c \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uac8c \ub3c4\uc804\ud558\ub294 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uac00\ub09c\ud574\uc9c4 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\ub300\uc911\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc740 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud574 \ubc18\uad50\ud68c\uc801 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub300\ucc98\ubc29\uc548\uacfc \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uad50\ud68c\ubc95\uc758 \uac1c\ubcbd\ud601\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud544\uc694\uc131 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 1869\ub144\uc5d0\uc11c 1870\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc81c1\ucc28 \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78\uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uac00 \uc5f4\ub9ac\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc774 \uacf5\uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uacc4\uc2dc\ub294 \uc18d\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud5cc\uc7a5\uacfc \uc774\uc131, \uc2e0\uc559 \ubc0f \uad50\ud669\uc758 \ubb34\ub958\uc131\uacfc \uc218\uc704\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud5cc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc18\ud3ec\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uad50\ud669 \ub808\uc62413\uc138(1878-1903)\ub294 1891\ub144 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\ub300\ud5cc\uc7a5(\ub610\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\ud5cc\uc7a5)\uc774\ub77c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uce59\uc11c ‘\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ub300’\ub97c \ubc18\ud3ec\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\ub300\uc911\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uac1c\uac74\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc774 \uce59\uc11c\ub294 \ub110\ub9ac \uc720\ud3ec\ub418\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc911\uc758 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc5b4\ub290 \uc815\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc744 \ucc3d\uc124, \ubc1c\uc804\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uac00톹\ub9ad\uc815\uc2e0\uc774 \uad6c\ud604\ub418\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc744 \ud0c4\uc0dd\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  4-1.  \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub300\ud601\uba85\uacfc \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc138\uc18d\ud654<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uadfc\uc138\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc624\uba74\uc11c \uad6d\uac00\uc911\uc758\uc758 \ubc1c\ub2ec\ub85c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc801 \ubcf4\ud3b8\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc9c0\uace0 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \uc804\uc81c\uad70\uc8fc\uc758 \uc808\ub300\uc8fc\uc758 \uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \ub9de\uc774\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc131\uc2e4\ud558\ub358 \uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ubd80\uad6d\uac15\ubcd1\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \ub3c4\ub9ac\uc5b4 \uad50\ud68c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc5ec\uc758\uce58 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \ubc15\ud574\ud558\uc5ec \uc57c\ub9dd\uc744 \ucc44\uc6b0\ub824 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uc5ec\ud0c0\uad6d\uac00\ub294 \ub9d0\ud560 \uac83\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uac70\ub2c8\uc640 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\ub3c4 \uad6d\uac00\uc815\ucc45\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uad6d\ub0b4 \uc885\uad50\ub97c \uc88c\uc6b0\ud558\ub824 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2dc\ub828\uc744 \uacaa\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uadf9\ubcf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ub300\ud601\uba85\uc740 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc808\ub300\uad70\uc8fc\ub97c \ud0c0\ub3c4\ud558\ub294 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc131\ucde8\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc744 \uc131\uacf5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub044\ub294\ub370 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0 \uacc4\uae09\uc778 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uacf5\ud5cc\uc774 \ub9ce\uc558\ub2e4.  \ud601\uba85\uc5d0\uc11c \uc8fc\ucc3d\ub41c \uc778\uad8c\uc120\uc5b8\uc744 \uc778\uac04\uc758 \ubd88\uac00\uc591 \ubd88\uac00\uce68 \uc790\uc5f0\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud3c9\ub4f1\uad8c, \uc2e0\uccb4\uc758 \uc790\uc720, \uc885\uad50\uc758 \uc790\uc720, \uc0ac\uc0c1\uacfc \ud45c\ud604\uc758 \uc790\uc720, \uc18c\uc720\uad8c\uc758 \ubcf4\uc7a5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uadfc\ub300 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc758 \uae30\ub150\ube44\uc801\uc778 \uc874\uc7ac\uc774\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc778\uad8c\uc120\uc5b8\uc740 1781\ub144 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub798\ub3c4 \ucc44\ud0dd\ub418\uc5b4 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uac01\uad6d \ud5cc\ubc95\uc758 \ubaa8\ubc94\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uc790\uc720.\ud3c9\ub4f1.\ubc15\uc560\ub97c \uc774\ub150\ud558\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud601\uba85\uc740 \ucc28\uce30 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \uc790\ucf54\ubc45\ub2f9\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc640 \uacf5\ud3ec\uc815\uce58\ub85c \ubcc0\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc720\uc758 \uc774\ub984\ud558\uc5d0 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uc5b5\uc555\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ub05d\ub0b4\ub294 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc774 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc81c\uc815(\u5e1d\u653f)\ub97c \uc218\ub9bd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud601\uba85\uc740 \uc2e4\ud328\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc758\uc758\ub9cc \ud6c4\uc138\uc5d0 \ub192\uc774 \ucc2c\uc591\ubc1b\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758\ud68c\uc758 \uacfc\uaca9\ud30c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc7ac\uc0b0 \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ubc18\uad50\ud68c\uc801 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc6b8\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\uace0, \uad50\ud68c\uc7ac\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uacb0\ud568\uc744 \ub9e4\uc6b0\uace0\uc790 \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uad6d\ubbfc\ud68c\uc758\ub294 \uc804 \uad50\ud68c\uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \ubab0\uc218\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\ub9bd\ud559\uad50 \ube44\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ucc3d\ub2f9\ud558\uc790\ub294 \ub538\ub808\ub791 \uc8fc\uad50\uc758 \uc81c\uc548\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc81c\uc758\ub97c \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1f4\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc774\ud6c4 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758\ud68c\ub294 \uad50\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \ubd84\uc704\uae30 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ud729\uc4f8\ub838\uc73c\uba70 1790\ub144 2\uc6d4\uc5d0\ub294 \uc790\uc120\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc218\ub3c4\ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \ud574\uc0b0\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0 4\uc6d4 14\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad50\ud68c\uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \ubab0\uc218\ud558\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\uc7ac\uc0b0 \uad6d\uc720\ud654\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960\uc774 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  7\uc6d4 14\uc77c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc774\ub978\ubc14 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 ‘\uc131\uc9c1\uc790 \uacf5\ubbfc\ud5cc\uc7a5’\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c8 \ud5cc\uc7a5\uc774 \ubc18\ud3ec\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uad6d\uac00\uc801 \uae30\ubc18 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uace0 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\uac00\uc5d0 \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc2e0\uc559\uacfc \uc724\ub9ac\ub294 \uce68\uc560\ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc774 \ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uba74 \uad50\uc218\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uc904\uc774\uace0 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ubd09\uae09\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uad50\uad6c \uc8fc\ubbfc\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc138\uc18d\uad00\ub9ac\ub85c \ubc14\ub00c\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc870\ucc98\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\ud669\uc774 \ube44\ub09c \ud56d\uc758\ud558\uc790 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758\ud68c\ub294 11\uc6d4\uc5d0 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uacf5\ubbfc\ud5cc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\uc11c\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc804\uccb4 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc758 3\ubd84\uc758 2\uac00\ub7c9\uc774 \uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \uac70\uc808\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098 4\ub9cc\uc5ec \uba85\uc758 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud22c\uc625\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uad6d\uc678\ub85c \ucd94\ubc29 \ub610\ub294 \ucc98\ud615\ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774 \ubc15\ud574\ub294 \uc120\ub7c9\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \uc120\uc11c\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \uc131\uc791\uc790\ud3b8\uc5d0 \ubab0\ub9ac\uac8c \ud55c \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \ucd08\ub300\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ubc18\ub780\uacfc \ub0b4\ub780\uc758 \uae30\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  1791\ub144 10\uc6d4 \uc0c8 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc774 \uacf5\ud3ec\ub418\uace0 \uc774\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc120\ucd9c\ub41c \uc785\ubc95\uc758\ud68c\uac00 \uac1c\ud68c\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\ub370 9\uc6d4 \ud559\uc0b4\uacfc \ub354\ubd88\uc5b4 \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uacf5\ud3ec\uc815\uce58\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc73c\ub85c \ub05d\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc774 \uacf5\ud3ec\uc815\uce58 \uc2dc\ub300\uc5d0 \ub8e8\uc774 16\uc138\uc640 \uc655\ube44 \ub9c8\ub9ac \uc559\ub728\uc640\ub124\ub728\ub97c \ube44\ub86f \uc131\uc9c1\uc790, \uadc0\uc871, \uc758\ud68c\uc758\uc6d0 \uc2dc\ubbfc\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc98\ud615\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \ub3c5\uc7ac \uce6d\uce58\uac00\ub4e4\uc744 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\ub97c \ud3d0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0 ‘\uc774\uc131\uc758 \uacf5\uacbd’\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uccb4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  1799\ub144 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc774 \uc81c1\uc9d1\uc815\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uc7a5\uc545\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c8\uc11c\uac00 \ud68c\ubcf5\ub418\uc790 \ube44\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc15\ud574\uac00 \uc911\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc740 \uc885\uad50\uc801\uc778 \uba74\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc911\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4.   <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc740 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ud68c\ubcf5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c 1801\ub144 \uad50\ud669\uacfc \uc815\uad50\uc870\uc57d(\u653f\u654e\u689d\u7d04)\uc744 \ub9fa\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uc774 \uc870\uc57d\uc758 \uc804\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc801, \uc0ac\ub3c4\uc801 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc801 \uc885\uad50\uac00 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \uad6d\ubbfc \ub300\ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc2e0\uc559\uc774\uace0 \ub610\ud55c \ud68c\ubcf5\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ubab0\uc218\ub41c \uad50\ud68c \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 \ub2e8\ub150\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uadf8 \ub300\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad6d\uac00\uac00 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ub3cc\ubcf4\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud588\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc740 \uc815\uad50\uc870\uc57d\uc5d0 77\uac1c\uc758 ‘\uae30\ucd08\uc870\ud56d’\uc744 \ube44\ubc00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ucca8\ubd80\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uc815\uad50\uc870\uc57d\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ucde8\uc18c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uad50\ud669 \ube44\uc6247\uc138\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ud56d\uc758\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \uacaa\uc5b4\uc57c \ud588\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  1804\ub144 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc740 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub97c \ud504\ub791\uc2a4 \ud669\uc81c\ub85c \uc120\ucd9c\ud558\uac8c \ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uad50\ud669\uc774 \uadf8\ub97c \ub3c4\uc720\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ub300\uad00\uc740 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc774 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  1808\ub144 \uadf8\uac00 \ub85c\ub9c8\uc640 \uad50\ud669\ub839\uc744 \uc810\ub839\ud558\uc790 \uad50\ud669\uc740 \ud30c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \uc751\uc218\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 1821\ub144 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc740 \uad50\ud669\uc744 \ud401\ud150\ubd88\ub85c\uc5d0 \uac10\uae08\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \ud611\ubc15\ud558\uc5ec \ubc14\ud2f0\uce78\uc2dc\uc758 \ud3ec\uae30\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc774 \ub77c\uc774\ud504\uce58\ud788 \uc804\ud22c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544 \uc6d0\uc815(1812)\ub144\uc758 \uc2e4\ud328\ub85c \uadf8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\uac00 \ubd95\uad34\ub418\uace0 \ub610\ud55c \uc5f0\ud569\uad70\uc774 \ud30c\ub9ac\ub97c \uc815\ubcf5\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ube44\uc778\ud68c\uc758(1814-1815)\ub144 \uc720\ub7fd\uc758 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc7ac\uc815\ub9bd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \ub098\ud3f4\ub808\uc639\uc758 \uad70\ub300\uac00 \uce68\uc785\ud560 \uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b4\ub514\uc11c\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud601\uba85\uc774 \uc218\ubc18\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\uad50\ud68c\uc7ac\uc0b0\uc758 \ubab0\uc218\ub294 \ub3c5\uc77c\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ud070 \uc758\uc758\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  1803\ub144 \ub808\uac90\uc2a4\ubd80\ub974\ud06c\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3c5\uc77c\uc81c\uad6d \ub300\ud45c\uc790\ud68c\uc758\ub294 22\uac1c\uc758 \ub300\uad50\uad6c\uc640 80\uac1c\uc758 \uc81c\uad6d\uc9c1\uc18d \ub300\uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0 \ubc0f 2\ubc31\uc5ec \uc218\ub3c4\uc6d0\uc758 \ubab0\uc218\uc640 \uad6d\uc720\ud654\ub97c \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uc774 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub3c5\uc77c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uadf8 \ubb3c\uc9c8\uc801 \uae30\ubc18\uacfc \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc138\uc18d\ud654\ub77c\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uba74 \ub4a4\uc5d0\ub294 \uae0d\uc801\uc801\uc778 \uba74\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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\uc774\uc81c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uace0\ub8e8\ud55c \ud3d0\uc2b5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0a0 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\uad50\uc88c \ub3c5\uc810\uacfc \uace0\ub300\ud55c \uc131\uc9c1\ub85d\uc774 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ub610 \uc911\uc138\uae30 \ubd09\uac74\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc18c\uc0b0\uc778 \uace0\uc704 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc640 \ud558\uc704 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\uc640 \uc2ec\ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758\uc2dd\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\uc73c\uba70 \uac00\ub09c\ud574\uc9c4 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ub300\uc911\uacfc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \ub300\uc911\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uad50\ud68c\uac00 19\uc138\uae30\uc5d0 \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e0\uc131\ub85c\ub9c8\uc81c\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc608\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub358 \uc81c\uad6d\uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uad6d\uac00\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub428\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ub3c5\uc77c \uc8fc\uad50\ub4e4\uc744 \ub85c\ub9c8\uad50\ud68c\uc640 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubc00\uc811\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud588\uc73c\uba70 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4 \uc758\uc2dd\uc774 \uac01\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  1848\ub144\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c\ub3c4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uc790\ub9bd\uc758 \uae30\uc6b4\uc774 \uc77c\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4.  \uace7 \uc2e0\uc790 \ub300\uc911\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub300\ubb35\uc0c1\ud68c\uac00 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uc231\ud55c \uc21c\ub840\uc640 \uc2e0\uc2ec\ud589\uc0ac\uac00 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \ub3c4\ucc98\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uad50\ud68c\uc0dd\ud65c\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\ub2e4.  1852\ub144 \ucc98\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc758\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uc774\uc13c\uc758 \uc5f0\ubc29\ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c ‘\uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\ub2f9’\uc744 \uacb0\uc131\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uadf8\uac83\uc740 1858\ub144 \uc774\ub798 ‘\uc911\uc559\ub2f9’\uc73c\ub85c \ubd88\ub9ac\uc6e0\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  4-2.  \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc640 \ub178\ub3d9\ud5cc\uc7a5<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  18\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub41c \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud601\uba85\uc740 19\uc138\uae30 \uc720\ub7fd\uc5d0 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcc0\ub3d9\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370 \uadf8 \uc911\uc758 \ud558\ub098\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\ub300\uc911\uc774 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc758\uc2ec\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc640 \uadf8 \uc815\ucc45\uacb0\uc815\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc911\uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \ub300\uc911\uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc131\ub9bd\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd \uc778\uad6c\uc758 \uae09\uc18d\ud55c \uc99d\uac00, \ub300\uc911\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc218\uc900 \ud5a5\uc0c1, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\ub2a5\ud588\ub2e4.  \ud2b9\ud788 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc740 \uc131\uc778 \ub0a8\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc120\uac70\uad8c\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud588\uace0 \ub300\uc911\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uad8c\ub9ac\ud615\uc131\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ud654\ub41c \ub300\uc911\uc0ac\ud68c\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc57c\uae30\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4.  \uadf8\uac83\uc740 \uacf5\uc7a5 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc600\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uae09\uc758 \ubd84\ub178\uc640 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \uadf9\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc704\uae30\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uacf3\uacf3\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud30c\uc5c5\uc0ac\ud0dc\uac00 \uc18d\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub154\ub358 \uc2e0\uc559\uc758 \uc704\uae30\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70 \ud655\uc0b0\ub418\uc5b4\uac00\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc18 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50\uc801 \uc720\ubb3c\uc0ac\uad00\uc758 \ubb34\uc2e0\ub860\uc774 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc774 \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  19\uc138\uae30\ucd08 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \uac1c\ud601\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uad50\ud68c\ub2f9\uad6d\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uad00\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uace0\uc704 \uc131\uc9c1\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uc120\ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub9cc\uc871\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc815\uc758\uc2e4\ud604\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\ucc38\uc5ec\uc5d0\ub294 \ubb34\uad00\uc2ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uad50\ud669 \ube44\uc6249\uc138\ub294 \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc790\uc720\uc0ac\uc0c1\uc740 \ub2e8\uc8c4\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc758 \ubd88\ud589 \ub610\ub294 \uc545\uc744 \uc870\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc81c \uc790\uc720\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4.  \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc9c0\ubc29\uad50\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2dc\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.  \uc77c\ubd80 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4, \uc0ac\uc81c, \uc8fc\uad50\ub4e4\uc740 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\ub300\uc911\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc815\uc758\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\uc778 \uac83\uc744 \uc800\uac01\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc774 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \ub354\uc6b1\uc774 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uae4a\uc774 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ub354\uc6b1\uc774 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc758 \ubc18\uc885\uad50\uc801 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uac00 19\uc138\uae30 \uc911\uc5fd \uc774\ud6c4 \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\uc77c\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4.  \uc774\uc81c \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \uacf5\uc0b0\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0\uac8c \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ube7c\uc557\uae38 \uc704\uae30\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub9c8\ub974\ud06c\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6b4\ub3d9\uc744 \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uc5ec\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uccab\uc9f8, \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \uc790\uc120\ud65c\ub3d9 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc784\ubb34\ub97c \uc9c0\ub2c8\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \ub458\uc9f8, \uc131\uc11c\uc640 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uac00\ub974\uce68\uc744 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc6d0\ub9ac\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801 \uc815\uc2e0\uc784\uc744 \ubc1d\ud788\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uc14b\uc9f8, \uc2e0\ud559\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \ud56d\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ud3c9\uc2e0\ub3c4\ub4e4\uc740 \uc774 \uc6d0\uce59\ub4e4\uc744           \uc801\uc6a9, \uc2e4\ucc9c\ud558\ub294 \uc784\ubb34\ub97c \uac16\ub294\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\ub300\uc911\uc758 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub3c4\uad50 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \ubd80\ud765\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad\uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc815\uc2e0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec \uc8fc\uc5c8\uace0 \ub178\uc870 \uacb0\uc131, \uadfc\ub85c\uc2dc\uac04, \ubbf8\uc131\ub144\uc790 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\ubc95 \uc81c\uc815\uc5d0 \ucee4\ub2e4\ub780 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \ub610\ud55c \uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ub178\uc0ac\ubd84\uc7c1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \uc870\uc815\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub4e4 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud3b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc7ac \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  <\/SPAN><\/P>
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  \uad50\ud669 \ub808\uc62413\uc138(1878-1903)\ub294 1891\ub144 ‘\ub178\ub3d9\ud5cc\uc7a5’\ub610\ub294 ‘\uac00\ud1a8\ub9ad \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758 \ub300\ud5cc\uc7a5’\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \ud68c\uce59 ‘rerum novarum'(\uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc0ac\ud0dc)\uc744 \ubc18\ud3ec\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\ub97c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5c8\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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  \uad50\ud669\uc740 \uc774 \ud68c\uce59\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\ub300\uc911\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc784\ubb34\ub77c\uace0 \ud655\uc2e0\ud588\ub2e4.  \ub178\ub3d9\uc790\uc758 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \ube44\uc778\uac04\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc601\uc8fc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub178\uc608\ucde8\uae09 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc545\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uc600\ub2e4.  \uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uad50\ud669\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc8fc\uc758\uc640 \ub3c4\uc77c\ud55c \uacac\ud574\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978\ub2e4.<\/SPAN> <\/P>
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